جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "beauty" در نشریات گروه "علوم اجتماعی"

Beauty and aesthetics have a thought-provoking course of evolution and development in the history of the world, in such a way that the known cultures before written history such as China, Egypt, Iran, Africa and Europe considered its examples to be human characters, behaviors and virtues, and on the other hand, beauty was constructions, functions, skills, creatures and natural objects; Animals, trees and rock shapes were described. But the history of beauty in the West is full of ups and downs, and from the ancient Greeks, who considered beauty to be the product of the artist's thinking, to Augustine, the western philosopher in the Middle Ages, who described beauty from the innovative doctrine of "Afaza" of absolute existence, the theory of beauty in The aesthetics of the Middle Ages, in a relatively artificial way, served as a substitute for the useful aesthetic interests and the origin of the work.In 1790, the important book of Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher and a leading figure in the modern philosophy of the 18th century, called Critique of the Power of Judgment, was published, which is known as one of the most important sources of aesthetics today. In the pre-critical period of his thinking, he wrote a small treatise entitled Considerations on the Beautiful and the Noble (1764), in which he mainly focused on social and anthropological reflections. Kant denied the principles of taste and believed that the judgments we issue about beauty are only based on pleasure and are completely subjective and only work for empirical studies (anthropology or history). Kant made extensive changes in the subject of aesthetics and made it It became a theory related to art and beauty. (Masika, 2011: 3) In Kant's criticism, sense is lower than knowledge and understanding, and taste is not based on moral foundation, and the judgment of the beauty of something is a judgment of taste, and taste is the power of judgment. knows about beauty. Until the end of the 19th century, as a result of Kant's theories, in Western culture and studies, art and works of art were examples of aesthetics, and the understanding of beauty also depended on the values ​​with the sensory experience of objects or events. At the end of the century, with the spread of the study of anthropology of art, the topics of aesthetics were also raised at the same time, and a new perspective appeared in the topics of aesthetics. Kant's aesthetic theory was systematic and comprehensive, he related experience and judgments about natural beauty and art to the basic concepts of epistemology, metaphysics and ethics. The continuation of this legacy in aesthetics after him is clearly visible, the purpose of this thesis is to analyze the evolution of the philosophy of beauty to the anthropology of aesthetics, and the question is based on what historical developments have occurred in the thought and philosophy of beauty from the ancient period to the anthropology of aesthetics?

The research method of this study is analytical-descriptive with a qualitative approach centered on historical developments based on written sources.

The findings show that the most important developments in the 19th century of anthropology are related to the two attitudes of evolutionism and diffusion (expansion) in the years 1930-1880, so that the evolutionism approach focuses on the growth of the (intrinsic) aesthetic power in humans, and its growth or lack thereof depends on hierarchical principles. And it is a stage, and diffusionism emphasizes on the expansion of the components of beauty in different societies, until with the emergence of aesthetic anthropology in the contemporary era, more attention was paid to the components of native beauty and the creative society in researches, and beauty was criticized from the perspective of the creative society

In this research, an attempt was made to analyze the factors affecting the beauty and ugliness of the self-decoration of the women of the Arab nomads of Keti, as the largest Arab nomads of Tehran, living in the village of Hesar Balai, with an analytical-descriptive research method and a qualitative approach and with an ethnographic field study (interview and participatory observation).

Let's talk about Varamin and use the theoretical literature of anthropology and local aesthetics to add to the richness of the material. In fact, the main question is that the beauty and ugliness of the self-adornment of the Arab nomadic women's clothing of Koti in the village of Hesarbalai in Varamin is subject to what components?

The findings show that collective values ​​(the result of lived experience throughout history) and religious beliefs are the two main components in the formation of the beauty and ugliness of self-decoration of women's clothing, and women's beauty and ugliness have two material and spiritual dimensions, and among the Arab tribes, most of the beauty is "zain". Spirituality is preferable to material beauty, and "mojer" ugliness appears when a person deviates from collective and religious values ​​in self-decoration, and in return, beauty is defined by subordination to these two components.The self-decoration of women's clothing expresses people's age, social status (marriage or celibacy), economic status, ideological and religious affiliations (sin/reward, mahram/non-mahram), and these components are objectified in clothing through color, shape, and gender

The concept of beauty in the contemporary society is closely linked to gender. In this research, the concept of makeup and beauty has been explored from the perspective of women by using qualitative method techniques. Therefore, 35 young women of Tehran city were interviewed through in-depth and semi-structured questionnaire, and the samples were selected based on theoretical sampling and theoretical saturation. After extracting primary, secondary, and intermediate concepts of the three main categories, i.e. 1- general areas of beauty and signs, 2- make-up; and 3- consumption of media, the need for beauty and make-up was determined. The results show that make-up and beauty are defined as an important activity for young women. Beauty and makeup are intertwined with people's lifestyle and are adjusted and coordinated by it i.e., the amount and manner of makeup of women changes with their understanding of the culture that governs different environments, the type and gender of the audience, the amount of communication and the type of activity. It can be stated that make-up and beauty provide women with the possibility of creating many social relationships. In the analysis and interpretation of the interviews, we found a range of reasons such as increasing social capital, coercion or group conformity, building a new identity and self-idealism, and increasing self-confidence in explaining why makeup is done.

Urban legends and fairytales use symbols and archetypes to bring forth, and describe, individual and collective actions and reactions in a society. Using an approach of both descriptive and comparative nature, the present article uses narrative analysis method to conduct an exploration of two similar legends of Beauty and the Beast, from European culture, and Shāhmār, from Iranian culture. The research question is the following; in the two narratives under study, what is described as the ideal epitome of a woman through the evolutionary course of moving from girlhood to womanhood by means of marriage? To answer this question, using the notion of “transformation” in the ideas of John Hinnells as well as the description of marriage as the “transformation of matrimony” based upon the ideas of Joseph Campbell about the evolutionary journey of mythical heroes, the condition of the heroines of both legends- along their path that leads to transformation of matrimony- was studied and analyzed. The results of the research show that the evolution of the heroine of Beauty and the Beast is based upon going past the state of girlhood to the state of womanhood by means of love and union with a creature which looks like a beast, a creature whose hidden inner beauty is unveiled and revealed after experiencing love, leading to the end of the story. In Shāhmār, however, love and union is created only when human nature of the beast is revealed, as this is the point where the eventual evolution of woman, namely, accepting the role of motherhood, starts; protecting the love and matrimony is thus introduced as the ideal and that which is of prime importance.

Urban legends and fairytales use symbols and archetypes to bring forth, and describe, individual and collective actions and reactions in a society. Using an approach of both descriptive and comparative nature, the present article uses narrative analysis method to conduct an exploration of two similar legends of Beauty and the Beast, from European culture, and Shāhmār, from Iranian culture. The research question is the following; in the two narratives under study, what is described as the ideal epitome of a woman through the evolutionary course of moving from girlhood to womanhood by means of marriage? To answer this question, using the notion of “transformation” in the ideas of John Hinnells as well as the description of marriage as the “transformation of matrimony” based upon the ideas of Joseph Campbell about the evolutionary journey of mythical heroes, the condition of the heroines of both legends- along their path that leads to transformation of matrimony- was studied and analyzed. The results of the research show that the evolution of the heroine of Beauty and the Beast is based upon going past the state of girlhood to the state of womanhood by means of love and union with a creature which looks like a beast, a creature whose hidden inner beauty is unveiled and revealed after experiencing love, leading to the end of the story. In Shāhmār, however, love and union is created only when human nature of the beast is revealed, as this is the point where the eventual evolution of woman, namely, accepting the role of motherhood, starts; protecting the love and matrimony is thus introduced as the ideal and that which is of prime importance.

In the contemporary societies, especially in modern societies, the appearance is so important and body and face appearance one of considerable for gaining beauty and attraction, especially for women. Beauty and make up for being beauty is a phenomenon that now-a-days is very important in societies. The extension of new makeup patterns and the increasing tendency of young women and girls to use these accessories is one of the issues that is considerable to be investigated. Accordingly, this study has been investigated the reasons of female students' tendency to make-up patterns and accessories. This study is an applied one that qualitative approach and thematic analysis method was used to answer the research questions. The statistical population of this study consisted of women students of Yasouj University in the semester of 2016-2017, from which 30 sample cases were selected via purposive sampling method. Data analysis was done by categorization method. The results showed that the most important reasons for students' tendency to make-up's patterns and accessories were "gender attitude and identity", "fashionistic function of mass media", "being reference and influence of peer group", "internal concerns", and "duality of men's appearance orientation and moralism". These categorizes showed that identity, new media, advertisement industry via mass media, psychological and social interaction are main important reasons for using make up patterns and accessories among female students.

One of the most common cultural and social practices among the people of the world is tattooing. One of the functions of a tattoo is to represent individual and social beliefs. This article tries to identify the patterns and motives of Lorestan women by looking at the tattoos of Lorestan women. The purpose of this study is to show the main motivation of Lorestan women tattoos. This descriptive-analytical research has tried to achieve common forms in tattoo drawing by collecting library and field information. The importance of addressing this issue is that, on the one hand, the prevalence of tattooing as an act in Iranian society is undeniable, and on the other hand, research on tattooing is more in line with existing sources in Western studies, while this Art, like many other arts, has specific regional and cultural characteristics of each community. The statistical population of Lor women is between 50 and 60 years old who have had tattoos on their body more than 4 times. According to the present study, tattoo designs and their creation on the body, in addition to aesthetic value, also have significant motivations that are rooted in individual, ritual, myths, cultural and historical contexts of the same society.

Beauty discourse could be considered as way for individuals and groups to speak on beauty as a system of codes and symbols used in referring to body. This system is formed through a historical process in a social-cultural texture using existent social powers. In this research, we tried to explore the process of historical evolution of beauty phenomenon and its effects on Iranian women´s lives based on Lacla and Mouffe's reading using theory and method of discourse analysis. On this basis, historical documents and data from Iranian constitutional period as the historical turning point, and the periods before and after were analyzed to show Iranian society´s transition and deepening and intensification of the beauty phenomenon of women. The results show that following modernist effects on beauty values, appearance of discoursal and institutional restlessness in Qajar period, constitutional period in particular, and interaction with Europe, turning of beauty discourse started. Deepening of modernist effects in Pahlavi period resulted in relative domination of new beauty discourse whose effects could be traced in individual and social lives of women - in the limits of social visibility of women, consumption and life style of women, family structure, criticizing or accepting patriarchal dominance, body ...

The research seeks to describe the beauty of the female body as a discursive order, to interpret the discourses present in this field as well as the hegemonic mechanisms of representing the female subject within discourse. In this regard, with a qualitative approach and in the framework of the discourse analysis method, the analytical extension of the female body beauty discourses was discussed. Data were collected using semi-structur interview technique among 30 women who were selected through purposeful sampling. The findings of the research led to the interpretation of the body as a subject in three levels of exercise, medicine and diet discourses. The concepts of building and femininity of the body under the guise of sport discourse, standardization and beauty eroticism were formulated in the medical discourse and the concepts of discipline and body shame followed by diet discourse. The interpretation of these three discursive levels shows that patriarchy has the hegemonic aspect as the discourse in the highest level of discursive hegemony and directs the mentality of women in the direction of body management.This discourse with the conception of the ideal woman seeks to negate other forms of femininity and essentially builds the beauty of the feminine body in the form of a male hegemonic look into the feminine body.

The presented study considers the social genealogy of body in Iranian women. In this regard, efforts have been made with an emphasis on genealogical methods of Fukui and important stages of implementation of this method pay to investigate the matter. New developments in the field of manipulating the body and the appearance of the layout from past to present, highlights the need for such a thing. In the field of culture, by searching historical sources, as well as new research, we see footprints of signs and symbols in which, human has created for himself from ancient times until now to convey meaning and exchange messages, with different practices and mechanisms, on his body. This analysis shows that women's bodies, historically have been influenced by discourses and powers in the context of social, cultural, political and religious context and have been read and manipulated and in this regard, we see changes in the realm of meanings and symbols of the body. In this study, we have tried to investigate the manipulation of the body in three different historical periods (Empire, Constitution, modernity), and in this regard, the focus is on the discovery of the body discourses, power analysis, strength analysis and accident analysis in Foucault's methodology. The results show that women's bodies in the discourse of the empire and in the modern era, is interpreted around the central slab of discipline and change.

Imam Khomeini’s viewpoints about esthetics are a dependent of principles of transcendental philosophy and in some cases they are in congruence with his mystical principles. Beauty in Imam Khomeini’s works are introduced by such concepts as charm (jamal) and beha (delicate) and goodness which are coextensive with existence and enjoy primary. This definition of beauty extends the domain of beauty to the expanse of creature, the quiddity of the Almighty and even to the human acts and ethical issues. Hence, art, as creation of beauty, is not limited to fine arts and the domain of art is extended to all beings and even man’s acts and ethical virtues. Although beauty is an objective issue, the understanding and judgment of beauty is a subjective issue and consequently it is a dependent of different factors which can be enumerated in Imam Khomeini’s works. The present study is an attempt to study Imam Khomeini’s thought in relation to the truth of beauty and its types, the criterion and standards of its approbative judgements and the factors influencing its perception.

Goodness and love are two major concepts in Islamic theosophy that maintain an in-depth relation with the concept of manifestation of the Divine Truth. In the quality of the manifestation of the Almighty God, these two concepts are interpretations of the ontological and epistemological stages, chiefly discussed in terms of the two circles of ascent and descent. Hence in the circle of descension, manifestation is a result of observation of the inherent Goodness of God in the mirror of the generated beings and the two worlds, while in the circle of the ascension, love guides man toward intuition of this manifestation of the Absolute Beauty of God. This paper reviews and analyzes this point upon an approach based on Imam Khomeini’s theosophical school of thought.

The present study aims at the prediction of general health based on the sports participation and body culture. The sample consists of all women employees of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, including 549 people.. To collect data, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), sports participation motivation questionnaire (Gill et al, 1983), and the body culture questionnaire which was researcher made were applied. The content validity method was used and the above theoretical framework was developed through fuzzy neural network in MATLAB.Using the adaptive neural fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for the input variables, there appeared a relationship between the input variables, sports participation and Body Cultureand output variable; general health. Given the high correlation between network inputs and outputs as well as error rate obtained, ANFIS is proved a suitable model for predicting general health. The optimal model for the general health promotion is when the body culture is at medium level.

Judgments regarding one’s beauty typically takes place based on their faces. Symmetry, youth, succulence and familiarity are the important aspects concerning biological standards of beauty. The results of studies show that a beautiful face is coded in our brain in a way that children, even during the first week after their birth, would gaze upon a beautiful face for a longer period of time. Beauty criteria regarding women’s faces are not of much difference in various cultures. Beauty standards are mostly under the influence of economic-social features in a society. The attractiveness of a man or a woman from the view of opposite sex is thought to bear implications of being healthier. The views of social constructivism assert that beauty standards are subject to social ideals which are represented through mass media as well as the fashion industry. Beautification of body and face is an approach for raising social acceptance for oneself. One of the undeniable consequences of dissatisfaction towards one’s body is the desire to alter the form of different body parts as well as changes in one’s weight and height. Such discontent toward one’s body may result in one’s inclination to inappropriate and unhealthy methods of weight change such as consumption of steroids along with weight loss and gain pills.
Theoretical Framework: Bourdieu regards body capital as a type of cultural capital or a form of cultural resource invested within the body. A beautiful face or body may act as a place for exhibiting one’s cultural capital. According to Bourdieu’s views, physical capital refers to human body being under the influence of society by means of exercising, attendance, etc. Giddens considers body as a part of the action system. Awareness towards body conditions in order to fulfill every moment of life, perfectly, is of essential importance and in fact, logical sequence of monitoring sensory input from the environment as well as supervision towards states and situations of body’s main organs and the body itself, is considered as a complex notion.
The concepts of control and power which are seen repeatedly in Foucault’s theories are used to analyze people’s efforts towards body beautification. Socialization of body is what Foucault had proposed as social control over body. Foucault analyzes human body in connection with the mechanisms of power. Erving Goffman’s concept of scene management shows how people desire to manipulate real conditions as they please and deem appropriate to exhibit towards others. Even though Bourdieu, Giddens and Goffman, each has looked at the body problem and the increasing tendency for changing it from a different angle, the important point is that all of them somehow demonstrate how individuals living in a society, would be influenced by social pressures on changing one’s body, regardless of their tendencies towards finding individuality as well as maintaining and presenting one’s personal identity.
The present study employs grounded theory which is among qualitative research methods. Participants in the study include male students of Shahid Bahonar University. Selection of the students has been done with regards to the importance and sensitivity of identity formation and youth. Purposive sampling has been done in order to select the participants. The main technique used to collect data was in-depth reviews. Three in-depth interview techniques proposed by Pathon were employed for data collection. The main structure of data analysis in Grounded Theory is based on three coding methods including open coding, axial coding, and selective coding, which is also applied to this study. In order to reach reliability in this research, three techniques were used; First, validation through member check in which participants were asked to evaluate the overall findings and express comments regarding their accuracy. In the second technique, i.e. analytical comparison, we have referred to raw data in order to compare and analyze the theory structure with raw data. The third and final technique was auditing, during which writers had contributed in various phases of coding, conceptualizing and extracting the issues.
Following the extraction of initial, secondary and intermediate concepts, five main issues were identified which includes: 1. Fitness and balance regarding the multiplicities of beauty for men; 2. Sexual orientation and perception of beauty; 3. Simultaneous adherence towards conventional and unconventional sources of defining the norms concerning beauty and attractiveness; 4. Beauty based on lower cost, lesser continuity; 5. Achieving and reinstating power and dignity. From all the extracted concepts and issues, only one foundational or core notion has been obtained as: the continuity of traditional foundations in modern beautifying behavior.
Results and Suggestions: The present study shows that the dominant criteria in a patriarchal society would shape men’s attitude toward women’s attractiveness as well as their own; it is also demonstrated how such criteria can direct men to apply prevalent criteria of beauty and attractiveness, actualizing their tendencies toward maintaining power and dignity as a result. According to the participants’ views, a handsome and attractive man possesses softness and strength at the same time. The most important factor which has caused male students pay special attention to their bodies as well as comparing them to the ideal body type, is using visual media in which the ideal male body type are presented through athletes, actors and models.
The participants in this study, regardless of being young along with their presence in a modern scientific-cultural setting such as university, have remained faithful to traditional and conventional beliefs regarding women’s beauty to a considerable extent. Although paying attention to one’s body, especially among men, is a problem escalated from today’s society, yet we may see the fact that men would attempt to reinstate their traditional position (superiority of power and dignity) in the society through such means.

Social,cultural and political changes occured in the world like population changes,femenism movements,consumption growth and moving to modernity has made body as an important topic in social studies.This study wants to unfold the girl experiences and simulus,before and after the action of body management.The intent of body management in this study is beauty surgery,slimming and uncommon toilets.In this study the researcher has used exchange theory,Giddens theories and Veblen theory in theoric sensitivity.The outcomes of this study that achieved by qualititive method and deep interview with 21girls between the ages of 18_29 in Rezvanshahr, shows that today because of the importence of beauty as a major factor for the judgement of girl in social domains and marriage chances,and girls know beauty for achieving their wishes and self-confidence,so this decision for them is the most suitable and conscious.Before body management they were unsatisfied and rejected by others.Girls stressed that after body management increased their self-confidence and they were more successful in social afairs because of their beauty.

Regarding recent changes into the Islamic Criminal Code including approved new Islamic Criminal code (2014), we decided to review the medical doctor's civil and criminal liability and responsibility to her/his patient, in particular, in the situation of cosmetic surgery and look at various aspects of the subject. One of the newest and most important issues that are included in Islamic penal law is the responsibility of Medicine. Since the previous IPC had been criticized by experts, the act of modifying this article, primarily started by referring to the Islamic jurisprudence and Judicial decisions and doctrine and the result of the above suggestions and corrections was the reformed mentioned code, which we are to compare and evaluate the changes in the field of legislative. On the other hand, there is a period of time that the types of cosmetic surgeries has been developed and has been welcomed in many countries, while, Iran in the field of Rhinoplasty has surpassed many other countries. In this article, I analyze the theoretical and legal issues and responsibilities of the applicant and physician in the surgical cosmetic procedures. aesthetic pleasure is desirable for Every human being. Beauty nature has been the subject of dialogue between philosophers, professors and lawyers. But the beauty of the human body is different from nation to nation, and people of different ethnic has different idea about the beauty. According to the image of beauty to them, we observe various statistics concidering the number of cosmetic surgery. Beauty is appealing, but it is clear that every nation, groups of different ages, people with cultural diversity has his own concept of beauty, and the point of view which is exploring the beauty. So, we decided to investigate the responsibility of a doctor, suggest the modification or disclosure is necessary regarding cosmetic surgery then find an answer to this question as a problematic issue that where are the borders for Muslims to seek beauty and Islamic shariah what says about the responsibility of the physician and applicant.

The increasing trend of opposite-sex friendship, especially among high-school students, has raised great concerns for parents as well as Iranian officials. Notwithstanding of a dramatic growth of such a relationship in our society, its meaning is unknown for parents and officials. The present inquiry has explored the meaning of having a girlfriend from the high-school male students’ perspective utilizing hermeneutic methods such as meaning analysis and interpretation approaches. Due to the epistemological nature of the inquiry, a qualitative research design was preferred. Grounded on the theoretical framework of the study, sampling was chosen purposefully while taking advantage of data saturation technique. Data were collected via in-depth interviewing approach from among of eight participants with the experience of having friendship with the opposite sex. The collected data were coded and categorized carefully in such a way to address participants’ both general and individual meanings of opposite-sex friendship Findings show that there is a shared experience of love and compassion associated with physical changes like rapid heartbeat and body mobility or strange feelings like happy pains when boys are successful in their friendships. From the participants’ point of view, the opposite-sex friendship is a transient pleasure and a perilous experience which operates as an inhibitor in the way of individuals’ progress. Communication devices like phone and cellphone found as the commonest media for contact. Unlike families and officials’ perception of the issue as a sexual matter, the opposite-sex friendship lies in other factors such as curiosity and the prettiness of the girls naturally persuading the boys in initial stages irrespective of breeding any sexual intentions in the mind. Families and officials’ unawareness of the issue and their inappropriate care might bring about irretrievable social consequences.

Art has not been extensively discussed in the Islamic tradition, except a few instances in the Islamic Jurisprudence. There is no discussion of the essence or definition of art in Islamic scholarly spheres, including philosophical spheres. One can find nothing comparable to the philosophy of art as found in the Western philosophy, especially after the Eighteenth century, in the philosophical or mystical works of Muslim scholars, except a few references to similar discussions in the Islamic mystical works as part of their larger discussions on Futuwwat-namahs or on light. However, there are extensive discussions on beauty in Islamic scholarly literature. Most philosophers have mentioned beauty as part of their discussion on existence. Some mystics also after discussing the beauty of God, have discussed about beauty in itself, expounding such terms as jama`l, husn, malaha, and so forth.Therefore, beauty and art in the Islamic tradition have to be discussed independently, and not in the framework of Western philosophy. What we have in Islamic tradition is aesthetics in its non-sensible kind. We have to avoid imposing Western philosophy on Islamic philosophy. Searching for common terms is not the right way for finding an Islamic philosophical system compatible to the Western philosophical system, relevant to the art that has developed in the context of Islamic culture and civilization.