kermanshah

This article deals with the formation stages of Anahita neighborhood in Kermanshah metropolis. The theoretical approach of the article is based on Henri Lefebvre's views on the "production of space". The research method is ethnography and data collection techniques are observation and interview. The findings of the research show: As a result of the increase in the population of Kermanshah city in the 06s and 06s, the urban administration started to build settlements in the "Khorasu" plain. Anahita settlement was built by Akopal mass-building company for the army commanders in the northwestern tip of Kermanshah. With the start of the imposed war, the refugees of Qasre-Shirin city were resettled in this town. Over time, they turn to redistribution of residential units so that they can accommodate more people. Over time, people built empty lands around the town away from the supervision of the municipality. In 1994, the municipality took over the supervision of the neighborhood and prohibited the construction outside the limits and took over the naming of roads, branching of water, electricity and gas distribution. The ownership problem caused the municipality to not be able to supervise the construction of floors and did not have much activity in the field of green space, educational and health space. Finally, in such a situation, people built the low-income neighborhood of Anahita in its current form, which is considered a marginal settlement, in ways outside of urban planning standards.

The primary objective of this research was to identify and rank the factors influencing the use of cannabis and other novel psychoactive substances among youth in Kermanshah.

The present research method was a mixed qualitative-quantitative type with an exploratory approach. The research population in the qualitative part included all experts in the field of combating drugs in Kermanshah, of whom 8 people were selected based on purposeful sampling and using the data saturation technique. The statistical population in the quantitative part included all young people referring to addiction treatment centers in Kermanshah, of whom 377 people were selected using the convenience sampling method. Data was collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews for the qualitative phase and a researcher-developed questionnaire for the quantitative phase. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis, while quantitative data was analyzed using the coefficient of variation.

The qualitative analysis revealed that the coded contextual factors could be categorized into three main themes: individual, psychological, and interpersonal factors, with 18 subcategories. Additionally, precipitating factors were categorized under the theme of family factors with 6 subcategories, while perpetuating factors were classified into three themes: social, cultural, and environmental factors, with 14 subcategories. The quantitative analysis using the coefficient of variation indicated that individual, psychological, family, social, cultural, interpersonal, and environmental factors, in that order, significantly influenced the use of cannabis and other novel psychoactive substances. Furthermore, among all subcategories, lack of willpower ranked first, and unstable living conditions ranked last.

Based on the research findings, lack of willpower emerged as the most significant factor contributing to the abuse of cannabis and other novel psychoactive substances among youth. Therefore, to prevent this issue, it is imperative to provide young people with necessary education to raise awareness about the adverse effects of substance use and implement strategies to enhance self-esteem and strengthen willpower.

The collection and publication of scattered documents related to the Qajar era have helped us open a small window into the behind-the-scenes politics of that period. The case involves the murder of a young man in the second half of 1317 AH in a narrow alley leading to the Jameh Mosque of Bijar, where he was shot. The victim was connected on one side to the Amir Nezam Garusi family and on the other to a ruling family in Bijar. This familial connection between the two families soured a few years later due to the death of the bride, who was the daughter of Amir Nezam Garusi. Amir Nezam Garusi believed that Haji Amir Tuman had poisoned his daughter. Gradually, the conflict spread within the family, and the son demanded his mother's dowry from his father. The matter escalated to court, intensifying the conflict between father and son, ultimately leading to the murder of the son by one of the headmen of Bijar near his home. Although it was clear to the central judiciary that the headman was the killer, it is unlikely that he was executed despite the efforts of the victim's sister and wife. This case must have incurred significant expenses for the government.
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This research is done with the purpose of understanding the impacts of social –psychological factors on gap between environmental attitude and behaviour. The population involves citizens higher than 15 of Kermanshah city and using Cochran formula and multistage cluster, 410 people were selected as sample.  Quantitative approach and the questioner have been applied. Descriptive findings show that Mean of the environmental values are moderate, efficiency variable are moderate to low  and  variable sense of attachment to place is moderate to high. The results of testing hypotheses show that significance correlation is seen between research variables with dependent variable. In other words, with increasing the Means of above variables, the gap between environmental attitude and behaviour is reduce. Results of regression analysis suggest that independent variables explain 11% of variance.  However the above variables have significant correlations with the gap between environmental attitude and behaviour, but it should not ignore other concepts presented in various models and find the general and comprehensive model in this field.

Tourism is one of the indicators of social and economic development in accordance with its expected principles and foundations. The purpose of this research is sociological study and prioritization of social security indicators in the tourist areas of Kermanshah city.

This study was conducted with a quantitative approach, a descriptive-survey method, and a statistical population of 7,681 tourists in Kermanshah city in 1401, of whom 360 were randomly selected. Correlation, analysis of variance, and regression were used for data analysis and SPSS software was used for data processing.

The results show that the satisfaction with police presence (45/80), life and financial security (31/52), satisfaction with the treatment of local residents (25/85), comfort and health facilities (17/19), and communication security (15/54) are, respectively, the most important security indicators in the tourist areas of Kermanshah according to the respondents. The results of multiple regression show that the social class of tourists (T = 8.47), level of income (T = 7.325), marital status (T = 3/823), employment status (T = 3.321), ethnicity (T = 2.740) and gender (T = 2.085) explain the value of 0.545 of tourists' social security.

The safety of tourists is related to components such as satisfaction with the treatment of local residents, life and financial security, communication, the level of satisfaction with the presence of the police, regional amenities and health security, and planning for these components is possible with inter-departmental cooperation. It is necessary to provide suitable conditions in the country in order to gain our place in the world according to the capacities we have in the tourism industry.

Living spaces in each region are shaped by the cultural, environmental, social, historical, and political influences of that region. The city of Paveh, located in the north of Kermanshah province, is home to valuable historical houses, primarily built in a stepped arrangement that conforms to the topography and slope of the land. This research aimed to understand the physical and spatial elements in the traditional houses of Paveh. By examining these elements, the study identified the factors influencing the form and physical and spatial characteristics of these traditional houses. The research employed a descriptive-analytical method, incorporating the study of existing conditions, interviews, document reviews, observation, and mapping. The target population was selected purposefully using a snowball sampling method. The results indicate that the interior spaces of Paveh's traditional houses serve multiple purposes, including hallways, kitchens, storage rooms, rooms, and staircases, arranged on one or two floors. The factors influencing the design of these houses include cultural, social, religious, and economic characteristics. Notable features include the use of natural materials, spatial hierarchy, appropriate separation of spaces, construction of houses atop or adjacent to each other, and attention to climatic considerations such as proper orientation, "Chinese chairs," and appropriately sized openings. These elements are the most important factors in shaping the physical form and spatial organization of houses in Paveh.

The central issue of this paper is the study of the relationship between women and the urban space of Kermanshah. For this purpose, the women of two neighborhoods of Dolatabad and Kasri were selected so that apart from gender, the effect of women's socio-economic base on their relationship with the city and their acceptance by the city was investigated. The method of the article is grounded theory and corresponding to the problem and research method, data were collected through interviews. The main guide for data analysis has been the production theory of Lefebvre space.The research concluded that the women of both neighborhoods do not have a connection with the city and the city does not have a public space to accept women. However, the women of Daulatabad neighborhood meet the needs of the urban space in kinship, neighborhood and neighborhood communities, and the women of the Kasri neighborhood have replaced the privatized public spaces with urban spaces. The lack of presence of women in the city is the result of their absence in the economic order and their secondary role in the system of division of labor of the dominant relations in Kermanshah.

In this article, an attempt has been made to examine the social barriers to economic underdevelopment in Kermanshah province. In order to obtain the appropriate results, a conceptual model has been used, the basic concept of which is the experience of demographic transition. In this paper, the mechanism of underdevelopment in Kermanshah province has been analyzed with the systematic grounded theory of Strauss and Corbin. A paradigm model was obtained in relation to the subject, which consists of: causal conditions (inappropriate demographic transition, ethnic and kinship relations and networks, migration flows and economic socialization); Intervention conditions (land reform and war); Background conditions (speed of change, type of change and type of training); Strategies (intra-group trust, emigration, especially elite, degree orientation, consumerism (women and the new generation) and social nihilism). This system has led to consequences such as inability to produce and creativity, intensification of migration flows, reproduction of anti-development mentalities, lack of capital accumulation and its outflow, and so on. The most important conclusion that is inferred from this study is that inappropriate demographic transition is an unthinking reality in the underdeveloped process of Kermanshah province. In addition to this, there are mental barriers and deadlocks such as kinship relations and economic socialization, etc., which are inherent in these barriers. At the same time, anomalies such as war, migration, etc. also have a profound effect in this regard. Finally, this article shows how obsolete attitudes such as intra-group trust, degree orientation and anti-development mentalities have hindered the economic development of Kermanshah province.

During the Qajar period, due to the emergence and expansion of capitalism and the globalization of the economy, the country's border gates were opened to other countries. In the meantime, Kermanshah, as one of the most important border routes in the country, had a significant share. And in confrontation and interaction with the Ottoman government and through it, in contact with other European countries. The arrival of representatives of foreign countries (merchants, Orientalists, religious missionaries, etc.), the establishment of offices such as the Telegraph, the bank, the consulate, etc. The import of Western goods (British fabrics, Turkish tobacco, Danish beers, etc.) led to Manifestations of Western culture are prevalent in this state. The new urban structure and architecture, the grounds for further expansion of Shiism, the introduction of antiquities at the world level, etc. were other cultural consequences of these relations. This research has been done based on travelogues, memoirs, documents, and other sources in an analytical-descriptive and library method. The purpose of this study is to investigate the cultural developments in Kermanshah province in relation to foreign relations in one of the most important periods of Iranian history. Findings show that Iran's foreign relations with European and Ottoman countries, caused other cultural developments such as health promotion, the establishment of schools with new educational content, the formation of the Kermanshah dialect and

The primary focus of this paper is a comparison of the rights of children in two privileged and impoverished regions of Kermanshah in relation to the metropolis. We argue that the enjoyment of the right to the city extends beyond physical infrastructure and spatial boundaries, contingent upon the macroeconomic dynamics of the political economy of the community. The article’s theoretical framework employs an analogy to establish the definition of childhood, which is predicated on these connections and the incorporation of the elements comprising the right to the city of children.This is a critical research method that reveals the concealed implications of data by rereading them through the lens of economic and political relations. Field observation was employed to gather data at the locations of the two regions being compared.The study’s findings reveal a statistically significant distinction between the two districts with regard to the physical and spatial aspects of the children’s civic right. District 1 contains 12 parks catering to children, encompassing a total area of 134,000 square meters and featuring 94 recreational equipments. District 7 comprises a total of six parks, each spanning 56,000 square meters and featuring 31 playground equipments. District 7 contains a single private amusement facility, compared to four in District 1. District 1 contains 91 private institutions, while District 7 contains 17.The research findings indicate that while there are variations in the provision of entertainment, games, education, and food, addressing this inequality goes beyond physical and spatial constraints. Reducing societal inequ

 This study designed and developed in order to identify and be aware of the lived experience of successful students with low social and economic status. Successful students are those who been admitted to desirable academic disciplines with relatively low grades. The research method is qualitative and the researcher has obtained the data using semi-structured interviews with the respondents. The statistical population included Kermanshah province and the statistical sample included 18 respondents from some cities of this province. Data were analyzed using content analysis method. The findings showed that 45 categories were identifiable in the first stage, which could be converted into 4 categories. The main categories included subjective-objective experiences and positive-negative experiences. The findings also showed that there is a systematic relationship between the formation of these experiences so that first mental-positive experiences are involved in the process of student success and then objective-negative experiences and finally in a process of overcoming success. To be. Based on the findings, motivation-barrier are the two main categories that play a role as a link between these four main components.

Geographic information system is one of the most important tools for identifying and understanding spatial patterns of crime that reveals the relationship between crime and place. Accordingly, purpose of the present research is Geographic Information System (GIS) application in geography identification of drug abuse crime in Kermanshah.

The present research is of applied type and its method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population is related to the legal boundaries of Kermanshah city in 2020. For the centers determination of drug abuse have been used methods such as standard deviation oval and mean center, Moran statistics and kernel density in GIS environment. Friedman test was used to rank the factors affecting the formation of drug abuse focus centers.

Moran's index (equal to 0.58) and Z value (71.80) indicate the clustering of all crimes within Kermanshah city. Moran index in the distribution of drug-related points, drug storage, drug transportation and storage, purchase and sale and transportation and drug storage and trafficking and purchase and sale and transportation and drug storage, respectively, equal to 0.93, 0.87, 99, . 0.0, 0.98 and 0.99. Therefore, the distribution of the points of these crimes is statistically clustered.

Variables have the greatest impact on the formation of crime hotspots in Kermanshah, respectively. These variables include unemployment, poverty, addiction, education, lack of control over parks by guards, a long distance from law enforcement and security centers, the presence of worn and disordered tissues and slums, family disputes and family breakdown, semi-finished buildings, lack of formal and informal supervision and lack of formation of neighborhood networks. suggestions such as the participation of donors and the use of people's capacities; Strengthening sectorial and extra-sectorial cooperation and central research is effective in the fight against drug abuse in Kermanshah city.

The perception of residents of a neighborhood about their life there may indicate "restlessness" and "tension" or "peacefulness" and "calmness". The starting point of the present study is the lived experience of one of the authors and the exploratory observation of two others in the Daulatabad neighborhood of the city of Kermanshah who found that the general feeling of the residents there is related to "place" and their sense of belonging. As such, the article intends to search as what makes the residents to feel so. While searching for the main question, the accuracy of more or less intuitive statement was also tested. But the emphasis had been to find elements that make life in Daulatabad more or less acceptable to its inhabitants. The theoretical basis is a narrative view and specifically the micro concept of Boje’s narrative. Through interviews, observation and of course data of the lived experience, two important elements in the life of neighborhood residents were highlighted and the two meanings that showed the acceptability of the neighborhood for its residents are: Local mosque and bazaar, symbols of religion and the world. But what has made these two bodies important in creating a sense of belonging to the neighborhood is how they are interwoven in daily life and of course, the placement of dimensions of these symbols in the collective memory. The present article, in fact, describes and analyzes these facts.