جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "public policy making" در نشریات گروه "علوم اجتماعی"

Having an integrated and coordinated policy-making system is one of the main axes of the country's progress. On the other hand, the effective implementation of policies depends on the participation and support of all stakeholders, especially specialized institutions. Therefore, participation has been considered as a basic tool for strengthening legitimacy, public trust and improving the transparency of decision-making processes in governance systems. The current research was carried out with the aim of designing the Iranian Islamic model of public policy with the approach of participation of specialized institutions. In terms of practical purpose, the research is mixed (qualitative-quantitative) with a sequential exploratory approach and in terms of the nature of data collection, 385 indicators have been counted in the form of 40 basic themes, 16 organizing themes and 6 overarching themes. The final model of the research is based on the findings in the form of 6 inclusive themes including recognition and understanding of the public problem, public policy agenda, design and formation of public policy, implementation of public policy, evaluation of public policy and change or termination of public policy. and related suggestions have been taken into consideration.

In recent decades Iranian public education system faced enormous challenges and issues in the area of planning, performance, and interaction among stockholders. Nevertheless, little wonder that by gaining the trust of parents and attracting their efforts, there will be a novel approach to the issues. This research aims to address educational policy issues through public participation. First of all, a qualitative method, the meta-synthesis had been used to identify the main components of participation. Initial findings have been 9 main components which are: citizen’s empowerment and beliefs, justice, information flow, quality and quantity of information, executive agencies, legal support, social factors, and the impacts of previous policies. The qualitative-quantitative method, ISM, then, has been used to discover the final model. In the final model, a five-level shape appeared. This ladder-shaped model requires entering each stage by ensuring a certain level of confidence in the previous stage. At the bottom of the model, the result of previous policies and social factors are the primary forces of society to participate. On the next level, legal support is necessary to create a participatory culture in the atmosphere of public opinion and the administrative structure of the educational system. Justice is a manifestation of the realization of a participatory culture in society resulting in opening a special account on the trends of citizenship. The final model of research requires a balance action by causal view but with culturist approach that will enable us to have participation maturity in the education system.

In the implementation of public policy, there are many factors and obstacles, the identification of which will lead to the efficient way of implementing the policies.

The present research was conducted with the aim of identifying and prioritizing the obstacles to the implementation of Iran's social welfare policies. The research is of a meta-composite type, in the qualitative part, semi-structured interviews were used so as to collect the data with open coding, and finally the obstacles to the implementation of social welfare policies were identified. In the quantitative part, using the review of related literature and research studies, six fundamental research studies in the field of policymaking were selected according to the citations and the items affecting the implementation of policies having been extracted from other studies in the form of commonalities. Then, the 10 experts cooperated, and the three-step Delphi method was used.

Based on Friedman's test, ten priorities were identified, which are as follows: existence of opposing and supporting parties, technical difficulties, lack of use of new technologies, legitimacy of the country's political and governance system, lack of attention to the intellectual and political maturity of the target group, political factors, political conflicts, the welfare state of the target group, the lack of appropriate executive instructions, the lack of alignment of programs, and the lack of optimal allocation of the country's budget.

It was found that the influential factors are in the hands of the government and the role of the executives in the implementation of social welfare policies is weaker. Therefore, it is suggested that the government should pay more attention to the use of pro and opposition parties, the legitimacy of the ruling political system, and executive guidelines.

Analysis of Public policy is a new trend of public administration in prestigious universities that studies the role of analysts in formulating and implementing public policy and providing different styles of analysis. Policy analysis is a way to formulate and identify problems in order to search for possible solutions. For this purpose, the book “Analysis of Public Policy: Concepts, Approaches, Models, and Processes”, Tehran: University of Tehran Press. 2018. 272 ​​p. ISBN 6-7092-03-964-978 has been selected and criticized. This research is of content analysis type and is applied in terms of critical implementation. In this regard, first, the creator and descriptive form and content of the work are introduced and then evaluated and analyzed in three dimensions of appearance, structure and content. The evaluation shows that this book, while having its own advantages and strengths, needs to be reviewed and corrected in the above three dimensions, especially the production of appropriate content with general policy analysis.

Comparative education is an area through which education system of a country is analyzed by utilizing data and educational systems of other countries and policies for improving education are developed. By studying and analyzing the educational system of Japan for the critical and crucial level of elementary education and adjusting it to the elementary educational System in Iran, this study is also to help improving the quality of elementary education in Iran. Therefore, the main question this study addresses is: "considering the education system in Japan, what is the main factor behind relative inefficiency of elementary education system in Iran?” The initial answer (hypothesis) is: “The main reason for the relative inefficiency of elementary education system in Iran, compared to Japan, is the low levels of the significant element of interaction in the elementary education system in Iran in its various forms and levels.” The present study is comparative and requires describing and analyzing the phenomena associated with each of the two elementary education systems in Japan and Iran. To reach this purpose purpose, the six-step method of comparative study by David Philips is applied. Research findings also confirm the research hypothesis.

Women’s employment has been considered as a challenging issue at a national as well as global level, and this has brought into play the public policy-making which is responsible for identifying and solving public problems. This science makes a distinction between problem sensing and problem perception. Sensing of the women’s employment problem associates us with issues such as the mismatch between job demand and supply for women or the mismatch between job attributes and women’s attributes, but problem perception is suggestive of a public atmosphere within the society, which directs the women’s choices and guides their options, and this atmosphere leads to a social constraint on women’s employment in the society. In other words, society has been the dominant force in development of environmental factors and modification of the natural factors, and its role in negation of free will, common sense, and rationality is rare, even unique. Thus, women’s employment issue in the society will not be settled unless through the reformation of society and removal of the existing social constraint as the causing and promoting factor in the women's employment. Accordingly, the present research aims to explain the women’s employment policies from the social constraint viewpoint. In order to get access to women’s employment policies, a multi methodology have been drawn upon. In this regard, the desk research method and a focus group interview were utilized and in the next stage, the interpretive structural modeling (ISM) technique was used to present a final model for the women’s employment policies. The results suggested the following seven policies: demand adjustment, discourse-making of the housekeeping as a job, promotion of household jobs, avoidance of being highly excited in choosing an occupation, encouragement of the conscious action, explanation of the goodness of action, the elimination of the factors causing social constraint.

The promotion of media literacy is one of the key factors in the use of media tools, which is very important and considered essential in policy making to develop media. The weakness of media literacy level is critical in the cultural and educational arenas of the community, so research is needed to understand the future of this area and policy making based on that. The research first, studied the status of media consumption in the country and then, governance issues and elements in media literacy policy making were considered based on the comprehensive international frameworks. After that, with the proper strategic analysis and a futuristic approach, promoters and influential components of governance on the formation of social responsibility corresponding to media literacy in the country were extracted. And more probable scenarios were analyzed by emphasizing the scenario planning method. Finally, media literacy policy making in the country were proposed.

The paper reviewing research texts in the field of general policy making of virtual space, provides a comprehensive classification plan for future research in this area. The study reviewed articles published in English-language research publications between 1979 and 2015, based on the existing literature.
Using a simple single-criterion method, according to the results, 427 articles from 267 valid scientific journals were identified. All of them were analyzed based on the year of publication, the number of papers in the selected journal, and topics in a particular area. This research, can be used for public decision making and policy making in this field as a comprehensive and valuable resource in policy making of virtual space.

In the modern global approach toward security, a priority is given to threats for national security caused by instability, destruction, improper distribution, and limitations for some environmental resources. Therefore, it is essential to recognize vulnerable regions and the effects of these challenges on national security with regards to the vast and inevitable consequences of environmental threats and importance of preventing security issues in order to block them from turning into a crisis. This study seeks to answer the question that what are the most important environmental challenges of Iran? And among them, which one is more vitally critical? Consequently, the hypothesis advanced by the present research is that, through the conceptual expansion perspective and multiplicity in security dimensions, Islamic Republic of Iran faces various threats that, among them, environmental threats constitute a higher priority and complexity. Therefore, two main points are to be considered about Iran’s environmental security: 1) understanding and recognizing the expansive concept of security that includes environmental threats as well; 2) identifying causes and drives of environmental changes affecting Iran security. To do so, the present study uses Delphi method and semi-structured interviews to collect, codify, and prioritize the most important challenges affecting Iran’s environmental security. The study concludes that, after identifying the medium weight among the 15 present standards, issues related to water crisis and air pollution because of their critical and security conditions and aspects, are essentially and vitally important. Therefore, what constitutes the significance of this study is prioritizing and positioning environmental security and recognizing a set of most critical environmental challenges that Islamic Republic of Iran is currently facing.

Water issues in Iran today have become the "problem" that requires action, and it is essential to find its nature and causes and dealing with solutions through public discussions of all stakeholders. In this context, the present article, in the first section, has provided an overview of the evolution of water governance in Iran. In the second part, with the purpose of the analysis problem, it draws the qualitative and quantitative portraying of water consumption according to numerous national and international reports and compares the water situation in Iran with other countries. The third section uses the interpretation of doctrine and system of reference in the public policy-making framework and explains the most important challenges of these sections alone and trans-sectional. The claim is that the reason for the current situation of water is beyond the sectional weakness and focuses on the level of authority, philosophy, and doctrine that have not been formed based on respect for nature and sustainable development. The final section relies on the recognized challenges and is dedicated to providing policy guidelines.

It is about forty years that some of Iran’s policy makers and experts in social and human sciences are of the opinion that there should be an evolution in humanities. They are of the view that principles and basic assumptions of current humanities are in conflict with Islamic framework and consequently these doctrines are not appropriate to address local issues of Islamic countries. Since the Islamic Revolution of Iran of 1979, any change in these doctrines has been a matter of debate. But we need a new plan for making a change in our policies. Applying interdisciplinary approach permit us to find a new way for policy making in society. History is full of lessons to guide us in our present situations. Therefore, by taking into account, the sociology of science and issues of policy-making, we study the Translation Movement. This article shows the transfer and transformation of Greek philosophy to Islamic philosophy in 7- 10 A.D. in Islamic civilization and also proposes an alternative approach for the policy makers. We identify actors of transferring knowledge, scientific translators and the Abbasid State. Research model of this paper has been chosen from the sociology of science and also makes use of "Implication Research Methodology” with regard to history. Our suggestion is "Transformational Translation (Transforlation) " that includes selecting best texts, translations, correction, explanation, criticism and innovation. Accordingly, policies should be revised after identifying discipline on Transforlation Chain and structures and human resources have to be formalized on the basis of revised policies.

Governments use public policy making as a tool to solve their public problems. Applying policy experiments from other countries and past sates is a popular method in this approach. But policy researches seldom use «history» as an instrument to help them to solve public problems. This paper focuses on a role of experiment in management، public administration and public policy making، and then analyses and explains «historical methodology» in public policy making. Historical-comparative method is a path to farther history contribution in policy making. «Generalization» is a notable subject for history application in social sciences. Then we discuss diverse perspectives in this issue and synthesize historian and policy researches perspectives. Finally، we demonstrate history application in policy making in a case study: «Knowledge Transfer and Evolution Model in Islamic Civilization to Revise the Policies of Human Sciences Evolution.

The article is to respond to the question about the desirable cultural policy making in regard to mosque in the I.R. of Iran from the viewpoint of experts. The task is to utilize expert's and official's experience to determine the status and role of the government vis-à-vis mosque in the country. To this end, by using content analysis method and after 34 semi-structured interviews with the experts at three levels of descriptive, analytical and integrative coding, the characteristics of the required policy making have been obtained. The results indicate extracted themes from the expert's views as follows: "theoretical view of government's interference in mosque", "approaches to the government's interference in mosque ", and "government and cultural organizations related to mosque". As for the first view, the research suggests that policy making should be done under a single organization, institution or council called mosque and this under the supervision of the Supreme Leader, thus determining various roles and duties of related cultural centers. Besides, the administration of mosques should be decentralized and carried out by people's complete participation. As for the second above-mentioned view the results indicate that the government must consider a combination of supporting, supervisory, occasional and guaranteeing approaches and act according to each of the approaches.