جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "secondary analysis" در نشریات گروه "علوم اجتماعی"

Collective conflict refers to the conflict, conflict and physical tension of more than two people, which is affected by the social, economic and cultural conditions of the society. According to surveys, and based on the data of the Forensic Medicine Organization since 2013 to 2121, the amount of conflict has increased in the provinces of the country. The main purpose of the research is to study of the relationship between macroeconomic indicators and collective conflict in the period of 2015-2018. The research method is the secondary analysis, data were analyzed using Spss software. The results are reported in the form of descriptive, including frequency tables, and charts, and central indices, as well as inferential statistics, including bivariate and multivariate tests. The results show that the increase in inflation, unemployment and Gini coefficient between 2015 and 2018 has been effective in increasing the amount of conflict in different provinces of the country. According to this, with economic disorder (economic disorganization), due to the increase in unemployment, inflation and class gap as well as the reduction of social resilience, mental instability, the feeling of scarcity of resources (crisis of production, distribution and consumption) and the feeling of economic abnormality, people's social behaviors has become more radical, violent and aggressive. The important reason for the collective conflict in the provinces of the country in the above period of time has been functioning of economic institutions.

Recent statistics reveal a concerning increase in suicide rates, particularly during the 2010s in Iran. What's noteworthy is the correlation between this rise in suicide rates and economic shifts during the same period. An examination of the country's economic indicators from 2011 to 2021 highlights deterioration in economic conditions, particularly evidenced by escalating inflation rates, the Gini coefficient, and unemployment. Essentially, the upward trajectory of these indicators coincides with a significant surge in suicide rates across the country. Consequently, the pivotal question driving this research was the extent to which economic conditions influenced the surge in suicide rates in Iran and whether variations in suicide rates among the country's provinces could be elucidated by economic factors. Thus, the primary objective of this study was to "explore the correlation between macroeconomic indicators and suicide rates among the country's provinces" with a focus on analyzing provincial statistics from 2011 to 2021.

This research adopted a documentary method and relied on secondary analysis. Two sets of data were utilized: suicide-related data sourced from the Iranian Forensic Medical Organization and economic indicators obtained from the Iranian Statistics Center. These indicators encompassed GDP, Gini coefficient, unemployment rate, economic participation rate, and inflation rate. The study encompassed a 10-year period from 2011 to 2021, during which these data were scrutinized to address the fundamental research inquiries. The unit of analysis in this study was "province", encompassing all 31 provinces of the country. The aim was to comprehensively compare the statistics related to the aforementioned indicators and their developments across these provinces. SPSS software was employed for data analysis. It is important to note that this research considered both the average of the indicators during the examined years and their changes over this period.One limitation of this research pertained to the discussion of the data and statistics used. The study relied on official statistics related to suicide and economic variables, which might, at times, lack complete reliability due to factors, such as confidentiality or security. However, given the statistical constraints and the absence of alternative reliable information, this study assumed the veracity of the provided statistics. The authors declared that the validity of this information was assumed based on the credibility of the organizations providing it.

The descriptive findings of this study revealed a consistent upward trend in the suicide rate in Iran from 2011 to 2021 with a notable surge during this period. Specifically, the suicide rate escalated from 0.035 in 2011 to 0.06 in 2021. Notably, this increase in suicide rates coincided with economic changes during the same period.Furthermore, the results of the regression analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between macroeconomic indicators, such as GDP, unemployment rate, and inflation rate, and the propensity for suicide. These economic factors accounted for a substantial portion of the variations in suicide rates among the country's provinces, explaining nearly 44% of the observed changes.Consequently, it was evident that macroeconomic indicators had exerted a decisive influence on social behaviors, including the inclination toward high-risk social actions. Economic instability had led to social distress, anxiety, and heightened societal tension. Factors, such as diminished employment opportunities, prolonged unemployment, and economic uncertainty, had engendered feelings of disillusionment, hopelessness, and a decline in optimism within the society. Consequently, individuals, feeling unable to cope with failure and disappointment and perceiving the society as economically unstable, had resorted to suicide as a form of self-punishment and a response to the prevailing economic instability.

It is possible for adverse situations to occur in any society, but what is important is the quality of the society's response to these difficult situations; Among such cases, we can mention the state of hope in the society; whether there is hope for improvement or not. Citizens' point of view regarding comparing the present with the past, evaluating the present and the level of hope for the future in various fields is very important and significant due to its many effects and consequences. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to present a picture of the state of hope and attitude towards the present and the future in Iranian society and the process of its changes based on the views of respondents in national surveys. In this regard, by using the secondary analysis method to the reports of the national surveys measuring "values and attitudes of Iranians", three waves of which have been implemented so far in the years 2000, 2003 and 2015, and the national surveys of the "Nationwide Social Capital Survey" (2005, 2014 and 2017) in which there was an item to measure hope or attitude towards the present and evaluation of the future.Our findings showed that in general, regarding the evaluation of the current situation, more than 85% of the respondents were not satisfied with the current situation and indicated their need for reform. Also, the examination of the process of hope chenges, i.e. the indicators of comparing the current state of society with the past, as well as the attitude towards the future of society and their indicators (such as class gap, economic status and welfare status, vitality, prevalence of positive moral characteristics) showed that the assessment of the situation. Also, examining the process of changes in hope in terms of comparing the current state of society with the past, as well as the attitude towards the future of society and their indicators (such as class gap, economic status and welfare status, vitality, prevalence of positive moral characteristics) showed that the assessment of the situation. The current and future of the society was not favorable in the examined indicators because a significant percentage of the respondents have always been placed in desperate options (worsening the situation) and monitoring the change process showed that with the passage of time, there has been an erosion process in some indicators and a relative improvement in others.

Spouse abuse is one of the social damages in the today world. In the present study, with the aim of reviewing all the files of the first six months of 1399, women who were abused by their husbands, referring to the social emergency department of the Welfare Department of Najafabad city were selected for the study. In this study, using cross-sectional, descriptive, analytical and based on the delivery of second data, the information of which has been collected in the past., the questionnaire included in the files regarding the type of violence and the cause of violence by the spouse was quantitatively studied. The validity of this research was content validity and audit method was used to calculate the reliability. Data of this study was collected using a reverse questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS statistical software. Findings show that most violence against women is verbal and physical violence, respectively. There was also a significant relationship between the existence of patriarchal culture, male gender socialization in childhood, poor family economic conditions, poor family social conditions, psychological status and sexual issues in the family with spousal abuse. On the other hand, no relationship was reported between the underlying characteristics and spousal abuse. Finally, among the research variables, poor economic conditions of the family with 64% and poor social conditions with 19% had the largest share in explaining the rate of spousal abuse, respectively.

The current paper examines the differences between men's and women's tourism experiences as an aspect of leisure. Four factors, including normative restrictions, female roles, economic weakness, and lack of security feeling, lead women to regulate their tourism travels different from men. For this purpose, the data of the National Survey of Values, Attitudes and Behavior of Tourism in Iran, with a sample size of 5009 people from all provinces of the country, were secondary analyzed. Eight hypotheses related to tourism motivations and behaviors, including having tourism experience, and choosing accommodation, vehicle and tour, were compared between men and women. The results showed that women who traveled alone or with their friends/colleagues, comparing with men, traveled more with tours, less by personal cars, less for recreation purpose, and more for pilgrimage motivation. Women were more likely to travel for visiting relatives when they were alone, and were less likely to camp in trips when traveled with their friends or colleagues. Although the frequency of women who traveled alone or with friends/colleagues were less than men, since their trips with families and relatives were more than men, the total amount of domestic travel by women were not significantly less than men. While the number of foreign trips of women were less than men, the frequency of foreign trips of employed women were not significantly different with men. It seems that despite the serious shortcomings in the quality of women's tourism experience compared to men, by using structural and normative shunpikes, they tried to compensate it.

Cultural Changes and Naming Girls in Tehran Province in 2010sIn this paper, the girls naming born in Tehran Province at the late of 2010s as a part of cultural changes in Iranian Society has been studied. The girls naming in different generation eras signifies the cultural changes among different generations. Secondary analysis has been applied to study and analyze statistic data presented by Iranian Statistic Centre, Tehran Province organization for civil registration, and data of National Survey of Cultural Goods Consumption. The studied component in this paper includes age, Mother education and rate of media consumption. Research Population includes the girls born on 2016 to 2021 and their mothers. The findings show that the age, education and media consumption of mothers are correlated to their inclination to name their children. The girls` names chosen by young and high educated mothers to name their children are different to the names chosen by previous generations.

Internal migration is an important process in most countries and reflects people's reaction to factors such as regional economic inequality, social failure and dissatisfaction in many aspects of life. Khuzestan province has undergone major changes in terms of population displacement in the Period 1996-2016 compared to other provinces, with the highest percentage of expatriates after Tehran. This article aims to identify the individual factors affecting the probability of migration from Khuzestan province to other parts of the country. The research method used in this study is secondary analysis of raw data of two percent population census of Khuzestan province, 2016. Findings showed that age, sex, marital status, literacy status, and degree of education influence the probability of migration. Women, spouses, literates, and those with a higher educational background make up the largest number of immigrants. Most of them were young immigrants. Among the out migrations, Isfahan and Tehran had the highest number of immigrants from Khuzestan.

One of the social issues that has become increasingly important and complex in recent years is the issue of divorce. The formation and spread of this issue lead to the collapse of the family institution and social and cultural disruption in society, leading to other social issues such as delinquency and social deviations from its consequences. Studying and acting to change such a situation or provide a solution requires sociological approaches. According to official statistics, across the country, divorce in 2011 compared to 2012, 8% in 2015, it has experienced 17% growth. Ilam province as a geographical boundary of this study is not excluded from having such conditions as the general conditions of the country. The present study, using a census method and secondary analysis of information, investigated the causes of divorce request and divorce among the couples of Ilam province. The statistical population of the study consisted of divorced couples in Ilam province from 2011 to 2015. Required information was also obtained through censuses and secondary analysis through the files available at the divorce reduction of Welfare Organization and Divorce Centers. The results showed that the most common causes of divorce were lack of moral understanding and economic problems. Among the research hypotheses, addiction history, educational level, family relationship, previous acquaintance and age of couples were confirmed which showed a significant relationship with the reason for divorce request.

Media Literacy Education (MLE) is increasing in Iran, Formally and informally. so it is needed to know true educational text, scientifically. This article studies constructive models of media education by child- centered approach which concentrates on children’s media interaction and their ability to use media content according to their wants and needs. By using Secondary research as a method of the study, this paper indicates true method and content for Media Literacy Education. It finds that educational method must change from one- way method to multi-way one and from monologue to dialogue. Also, educational content should be learned in two dimensions: first, in theoretical level to learn theoretical framework of media studies and semiotics method in simple words, because to understand media content. Second, at practical level, it is needed to learn skills of media production, critical skills and sending feedback because to be an active actor in media environment. Three main criteria to select true content are learning representation, self-efficacy, and self-reflection.

A famousstatement in public and scientific circles in Iran is that the increase in population leads to poverty and deteriorating living conditions; because the facilities and resources are allocated to more people. After reviewing different theories, this paper studies comparatively, the relationship between population and economic status in various countries. This study is a secondary analysis of published statistics of different countries. At last, based on the empirical analysis, the statement is evaluated.

Currently social problems are among the most important issues in Iran that have been occupying the minds of experts and academics. The consequences of social problems would affect individuals and society and can even threaten social security. In this regard, in 2012 the Second National Conference of Social Problems was held by the Iranian Sociological Association. It had accepted 650 abstracts of articles, that 93 of them were published in 9-volumes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse these published articles in various dimensions.
The present study is systematic review and it is an analysis of the selected and published articles of the Second National Conference of Social Problems. The study population consisted of a collection of 9-volume articles published by the Iranian Sociological Association and Agah Publications. In this study all of the 93 articles were evaluated. Articles were categorized and analyzed in several aspects and the final analysis was presented through aggregation of information.
Findings: In this study all of the articles were analyzed accurately according to factors such as the contribution of female authors; academic degree; specialties and academic fields; organizational affiliation of authors; financial support of organizations and universities; research units; geographic distribution of the study population; research methods; studied problems; used dominant theories; the protective and risk factors of social problems and finally the presented solutions for each category of problems. For example, findings show that sociology and social pathology were the most frequent (more than one third) among the disciplines. Only three articles were from research projects supported by organizations or universities, and the majority of studies (more than one third) selected Tehran as their geographic region.
The results of this study, while confirming the presence of numerous experts, show the minimum participation of some experts such as physicians, social workers and welfare professionals. Considering the national level of the conference, it was expected to see a fair distribution of the geographical distribution of the study population. The significant presence of academics at the conference (more than two third) can be considered as a strong point of the conference. The methodology of studies can be criticized, the major part of the studies applied quantitative method (about three quarters). However, due to the nature of social problems, as well as the multiplicity and being multidimensional in this area, qualitative studies can reveal subjective and the deeper dimensions of the issues. Used theories are to a large extent repetition of the same classical views. Finally, many of the problems and social issues, such as the tendency to single life, common in law partner )white marriages( extramarital affair, youth issues, degree orientation, white collar offenses, street violence, the consequences of imprisonment, and so on were not considered in studies.

In some societies, kinship relationships of family members create a type of emotional and internal solidarity that has important results. The current research is an effort to study the influence of kinship bonds on social deviances. Theoretical framework is a combination of different theories, such as: social solidarity theory of Emil Durkheim, social connection theory of Travis Hirschi, thoughts of Ivan Nye and, Sampson and Laub. According to the theoretical framework, internalization of social norms and values and commitment, can be a great preventer from the deviant behavior. Consequently, the level of social deviance is reduced in the community. Based on the control theory, the power of social bonds has a reverse relationship with involvement in criminal behavior.
The main method of the research is secondary analysis of data which is gathered by other researches or institutions. We have used two kinds of data; (A) a national survey which was done in all provinces and (B) the official data about crimes and deviances. The main hypothesis of our study is that those provinces which have weak family and kinship bonds will experience more social deviances. In the other words, strong and enduring relationships between family members will result in reduction of social deviances. The results showed that high instability and weak family relationships and low belonging and affiliation to family in a province, leads to high rate of delinquencies and deviations.

This paper tries to analyze the effect of gender on environmental attitudes. Wether environmental attitudes between men and women are different or not is the main question of this research. Theoretical framework is ecofeminism perspective. Ecofeminists believe that there is strong and specific relationship between women and nature and they are more responsible for environmental problems in camparison with men. Ecofeminism describes movements and philosophies that link feminism with ecology. Ecofeminism connects the exploitation and domination of women with that of the environment, and argues that there is historical connection between women and nature. Ecofeminists believe that this connection is illustrated through the traditionally female values of reciprocity, nurturing and cooperation, which are present both among women and in nature. The main method of this article is secondary analysis using data of other institutions or researches. It is secondary analysis of fifth wave of World Values Survey (WVS) data. Findings show that there is not significant different from environmental concern between two genders, but rather on the importance to environmental issues and attitudes indicating that there is significant difference between men and women in this regard.

In recent years, due to the significant demographic changes and increasing young population in the country, including Kurdistan, there was too much demand for the labor, and it causes unemployed persons. In this study, the unemployment rate in Kurdistan province has been studied with emphasis on the youth. The main question was the trend of unemployment rate of the young population? Secondary analysis of census data related to employment and activities of the province in 1996-2006 was the method of research, and the unemployment rates were analyzed using Excel software. The results showed that the unemployment index increased from 9% in 1996 to 20.2% in 2006. The unemployment rate in all age groups in both urban and rural areas, (men and women) experienced ascending trend, more than doubled(the unemployment rate among women was remarkable), the youth unemployment rate increased from 16.5 to 37.6 percent. The findings showed the rate of unemployment among the educated was high in both periods, but the index 2006, 2.6 times have been more than and reached from 7 to 18.2 percent at that time. It seems this situation is due of increasing of young people in the province, and the lack of productive infrastructure. At last, with attention to the favorable geographical and strategic position of the region, solutions for policymaking have been offered in the paper.

In cinema، the relationship between art and society is questioned more than other kinds of art. Among all diverse approaches studying cinema، the reflection approach- believing cinema is impressed by the society. This approach is a theoretical framework of this research. The main question is how cinema reflected political demands of Iranian society from 1995 to 2006. This period is noticeable changes in Iranians'' political elections. In May 1997 a fairly anonymous politician won presidential election surprisingly and established his state called the reform state. Soon، afterward his sympathetic، called reformists، won city council and parliament election till 2001 that he reelected as the Islamic republic of Iran president. But afterward، reformists lost all elections till 2005 when the election of another anonymous president nearly put them away of political scene. We see these changes like this: people seeking democracy and justice، and politicians being symbols of those two. We believe these two are the main demands Iranians want from institutions of political power. Showing ups and downs of these demands، we examine if they reflected in cinema or not. In this examination we consider freedom of cinema as a condition for reflecting facts، especially in case of political demands which needs much more free cinema to be shown. Dividing these 11 yeare period to three sub periods we conclude that: 1. in the last years of Hashemi''s state even though the society had noticeable demand to change but since cinema wasn''t free enough، nothing had been showed. There was no important movie showing people want democracy so eagerly. 2. At the first state of Khatami، giving a little freedom to cinema made it an appropriate media to reflect people''s political demands. This period had movies having the demand for democracy and justice as their main theme. 3. The second state of Khatami let cinema have freedom but that cinema showed that seeking democracy falls and demand for justice increases، something the society shows too with electing Ahmadi Nezhad as a president and as a symbol of demand for justice at the same time. Finding out people political demands، we used secondary analysis method which let researcher makes advantage of other researchers'' findings. And we used thematic analysis to know which films had pictured demands of democracy and justice as their main theme. Population of the research was all the movies having public appearance from 1995 to 2006 and the sample was 110 movies consist of 10 best-sellers of each year. The sampling method was intended sampling and choosing best-sellers was a way to ensure that the movies had people approval with themselves.

In recent years despite the rise in the number of women who have graduated from universities women’s participation in the labor market has not been increased proportionally. The present study tries to examine the employment status of women graduates of higher education as well as of social and demographic factors affecting it. In this study، secondary analysis of data from 2% sample of Census 1385 is used. The statistical population was female higher education graduates of over 20 residing in Tehran. The findings show that women have mostly graduated in social sciences، business and law. Over 90 percent of employed women are salaried by public or private section and less than 8 percent of them own managerial positions. They are mostly active in educational، health care، and assistance areas. The results of double variable analysis show that except recent immigration variable there is significant relationship among independent variables (age، education، marital status، having children، number of children، field of study، and permanent migration) and the rate of employed women who are higher education graduates. The results of multi-variable studies show that female university graduates of 35 to 49 have more opportunity to hold a job. Also women who have not migrated to Tehran in the last 10 years (1375-1385) have had more luck to have a job. In therms of fields of study، humanities females graduated in educational fields compared to humanities and arts have a greater rate of employment.