social capital

The relationship between humans and places, and consequently the sense of spatial and social belonging to urban spaces, has been one of the most important research topics in urban anthropology and sociology. Although the economic capital has significant effect on choosing a place of residence, the factors that enable one to stay and continue living in the chosen place, creating a sense of belonging and attachment to it, and making it difficult to leave, are social and cultural factors that are produced and reproduced within individuals’ living spaces. In the present study, inspired by Bourdieu’s theoretical approach, the social structures influencing individuals' decisions in choosing a place to live and the willingness to reside in District 6 of Tehran were examined. The field of study of the present research was the Amirabad neighborhood of Tehran, where the relationships between social capital, cultural capital, lifestyle, and the inclination to reside in the neighborhood were examined using survey methods and structural equation modeling. The results of the study indicated that the choice of residence is not only the outcome of structural factors such as security, social capital, and local amenities but is also influenced by individual actions and daily decisions related to lifestyle and leisure. Furthermore, habitual consumption patterns and leisure styles play a decisive role in the choice of residence for citizens.

Today, one of the most important issues in societies is the concept of social inequality, the feeling of which can negatively affect people's performance and behavior.  This study aims to examine the relationship between social, economic, and cultural capital, the use of different language patterns, and the hidden curriculum of schools in creating a sense of social inequality among students. This research is based on the survey method and the statistical population of secondary high school students of two Ahvaz districts in the academic year 1402-1403. From 13320 students, 374 were selected based on Cochran's formula, and variance was calculated from the pre-test. The validity of the questionnaire and its reliability were measured using Cronbach's alpha. The research results showed that there is a difference between social capital, economic capital, cultural capital, the use of different language patterns, the hidden curriculum of schools, and the feeling of inequality. There is a significant relationship between students' social status and no significant relationship between contextual variables (age, educational level, field of study, and type of school, except for gender) and their feelings of social inequality. Structural equation modeling showed that the variables of social capital, limited language pattern, and hidden curriculum predict the feeling of social inequality with 95% confidence, and the independent variables explain 67% of the changes in the feeling of social inequality. Based on the findings of this research, the more students form social capital and the higher their culture, the more they use a wide language pattern, the better the desired quality of the hidden curriculum, and the lower their feeling of social inequality. To reduce social inequality in students, it is suggested that the educational system support students with low economic capital and improve the quality of the physical space and human capital of schools.

Financial corruption is one of the most important causes of weakening economic growth and development. The World Bank has raised the issue of good governance as the main topic of economic policies of governments, especially in underdeveloped and developing countries. One of the most important indicators of good governance is the fight and eradication of corruption. The importance of fighting corruption has led to extensive studies on the factors affecting the control of financial corruption in recent years.The aim of this article is to examine the effects of social capital on financial corruption in Iran. For this purpose, after estimating the fuzzy social capital and financial corruption in Iran, the autoregressive model with distributional lags (ARDL) was used to estimate the long-term relationship of the financial corruption model. The results show that the elasticity of financial corruption to social capital during the period 1360-1399 is negative and equal to -0.52 percent. This finding confirms the fact that in the long run, by strengthening social capital in the country, the volume of financial corruption would decrease.

The sustainability of any human society depends on the level of social capital. The present article analyzes the social capital among Iranian people according to the findings of national surveys (2015, 2018 and 2021). The results show a decrease in social capital in some dimensions (especially in the areas related to institutional and organizational trust and satisfaction). The state of social capital in the mentioned areas in the range of 0 to 100 has reached an average score of 36.75 in 2021 from a score of 43.50 in 2015; According to the "contagion theory", such conditions are effective in reducing hope for the social future and lowering the positive outlook towards the future of the society, and therefore, according to the "compensation theory", people invest in individual and interpersonal fields and try to to invest for their individual or group future, which shows the formation of a kind of island social capital. Of course, the important point is that social communication for virtual space, as well as professional and union relations and common interests instead of kinship and clan social capital, etc., is showing a change in some forms and relations of today's society.

This study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the social dimensions of mourning during the Covid-19 pandemic. The sources or statistical society of this research includes all the qualitative and quantitative research, published both in the Persian and in English, conducted on the social dimensions of mourning during the Covid-19 between December 2019 and May 2023. Based on the entry-exit criteria of the articles, 287 articles were obtained, and after searching, screening and qualitative evaluation of the studies, at the end of the final synthesis, 28 articles were selected. According to the findings of this research, 71.43% of the selected articles were done by qualitative methods and 28.57% by quantitative methodologies. The most used tool was the interview with which 60.71% of the articles had been done. Regarding the practical solutions and suggestions extracted from the studies, the highest frequently suggested approach was the emphasis on the necessity of developing a culture of condolence and virtual mourning and memorial ceremonies to support the survivors (32.14%). Also, the highest level in the distribution of categories was related to the category of disruption in the process of mourning rituals which was 21.43%. The results of this research show that people's reaction to bereavement during the Covid-19 pandemic is closely related to social and cultural aspects, and despite the importance of the social aspects of bereavement and health, more attention has been paid to its psychological and physical aspects.

drugs, tobacco and addictive substances; Today, it has become a social concern at the global level and in Iran, and over time, with the increase of socio-economic pressures and the transformation of society from a traditional to a modern format, due to the distortion of social functions, it has become more prevalent than before. Based on this, the main goal of the research is to study the reasons and factors affecting the prevalence of drug use. The research method is quantitative meta-analysis and systematic review based on the sources and scientific documents published from the database of Noor specialized magazines, Iran Publications Information Bank, Iran Research Institute of Science and Information Technology in the period of 1403-1383. From the statistical population of 90 studies; By complying with the screening procedures and entry and exit criteria; 45 documents by non-probability sampling method (deliberate and accessible); It has been selected and entered into CMA2 software. The test used is Cohen's d and Fisher's f. Finally, the effect size coefficient shows that social factors (social capital, delinquent social environment, social failure, social control, family disorganization, differential cohabitation); cultural (media literacy, ethnic norms and values, risky lifestyle, religious beliefs, virtual networks); economic (poverty, economic anomie, relative deprivation, unemployment); Psychological (individual skills, feelings of alienation, social isolation, experience of pleasure and curiosity), background factors (level of education, place of residence, history of parental addiction, duration and history of drug use) have been effective in the prevalence of drug use.

This research aims to investigate the sociological role of the media in representing the effects of poverty in society and attracting benefactors. This research is of an applied type that has been done in a quantitative way. The statistical population of the research was made up of media elites, relief experts, and donors of Fars province, who were selected using Morgan table sampling. In order to collect information in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire was used, the validity of which was confirmed by using face validity, and its reliability was confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The reliability of all variables was higher than 0.7. The findings of the research, which were extracted through the qualitative method, include 5 core codes. They are the representation of the causal conditions of poverty in society, the representation of religiosity and the culture of poverty, the representation of social capital and poverty, the representation of the attraction of benefactors and institutions, and the representation of the consequences of poverty. The results showed that all these dimensions have been able to explain the main research variables meaningfully. Therefore, each of the above factors represents the effects of poverty in society and attracts donors in Fars province.

The article aims to explore the perception of freedom among two generations, young and middle-aged citizens of Rasht, by drawing on the theories of Ronald Inglehart and Isaiah Berlin. According to Berlin's theory, freedom is a crucial element in the context of values, personal rights, and the private and social lives of individuals. Furthermore, based on Inglehart's theory, generational shifts and changes in values give rise to diverse perspectives in various domains among citizens. The article employs a quantitative research method, and data collection is conducted using a questionnaire. Accordingly, a sample of 384 participants was selected through random cluster sampling from the young group aged 18–29 years and the middle-aged group aged 40–49 years. According to the findings, the mean perception of freedom in the younger generation and the middle-aged generation were 2.60 and 2.63, respectively. Both scores are slightly above the average, but there is a minor difference between the two groups. However, the perception of individual freedom was slightly higher in the middle-aged group. Social capital levels were not significantly different between the two groups, while feelings of social deprivation were slightly higher in the middle-aged group, though the difference was not statistically significant. The average religiosity score was 3.13 for the younger generation and 3.55 for the middle-aged group, which are both above average. This suggests a statistically significant in religiosity between the two generations, which is generalizable to the statistical population. Based on the results of multiple regression analysis, the variables of social deprivation, social capital, and religiosity explain 24% of the variation in the perception of freedom, with religiosity exerting the highest direct impact on this perception.

Fear of crime describes terror, apprehension, panic, general anxiety, sense of insecurity and social concern about the victim provoked by social crimes (theft, pickpocketing, robbery, threats to one’s life and properties, shoving, extortion, harassment of women, obscenity and defamation). Due to socio-cultural changes and social transition from a traditional mechanical state to a modern-organic form (industrialization, urbanization, growing immigration and globalization), Iranian society has witnessed a shift from traditional crimes to emerging and complex isues that have affected the quality of life of citizens. In this regard, the escalation of social problems, the prevalence of violent and economic crimes, robbery, pickpocketing, street violence and its reflection in the mass media have fueled the fear of crime and concern of citizens. Accordingly, the main goal of the study is to explore the factors affecting the fear of crime among Iranian citizens through a review of the literature. This is a meta-analysis that adopts a purposive-non-probability sampling method. The statistical population consists of 89 documents (scientific sources of Normags, MagiIran, IranDoc and the Scientific Information Database (SID) of the Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research), of which 35 documents in the period from 2009 to 2014 were selected as the sample based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The analysis was conducted through Cohen's d and Fisher's f tests. The results of the systematic meta-analysis of CMA2 suggest that social factors (satisfaction with the police’s performance, social disorganization, social belonging, social control, social capital), cultural factors (mass media consumption, cultural capital, religious belonging, sports lifestyle), economic factors (relative deprivation, economic status, economic pressures, economic participation) and psychological factors (self-esteem, labeling, victimization experience, mental health, social isolation) have a bearing on increased citizens' concern and fear of crime. Ultimately, the fear of crime a social, forced, and external reality from 2009 to 2024 has multidimensional roots, and the lack of any macro, medium, and micro policymaking for its control leads to residential instability, growing social heterogeneity, disruption of social supervision and control, civic indifference, decreased quality of life, poor psychosocial health, limited economic participation, collapse of social capital, and the shift of civil society to a transitional environment; a broken window and non-defense social-environmental space.

The concept of the right to the city proposed by French sociologist and philosopher, Henri Lefebvre (1968), addresses the adverse impact of capitalist economies on urban areas. According to this theory, the city has become a commodity exploited solely for capital accumulation. To counter this trend, Lefebvre posits that urban residents need to have access to indicators such as spatial justice, social inclusion, urban participation, and urban belonging, among other things. This study looks into the perception of the right to the city among the residents of Maku. The research method is a survey and the statistical population includes all citizens over 20 years of age living in Maku (n=33,328 people), of which 500 people were selected by the Cochran sample size formula using a multi-stage cluster sampling method, and based on the variance obtained from a pre-test of 50 respondents. In testing the research hypotheses, a significant relationship was observed between the variables of social capital and good urban governance. Path analysis was employed to estimate the direct, indirect, and general effects of independent variables on the perception of the right to the city. The results suggest that good governance influences the perception of the right to the city either directly (56%) or indirectly through social capital (13%). Social capital can also directly affect this perception (25%). The overall findings demonstrate that good governance has a bearing on the perception of the right to the city (69%). The remaining variables in the regression model can explain 53% of the variance in the perception of the right to the city. The final analysis suggests that emphasizing and strengthening good urban governance and social capital variables within the urban social space could contribute to the growth and development of the principles and indicators of the right to the city.

  This research aims to identify the work of volunteers in non-governmental organizations (NGOs) supporting child labor and street children in Tehran, as well as to study the sociological causes, cultural conditions, and beliefs that drive individuals to volunteer in this field. Therefore, exploring the motivations, efficiency, cultural background, mental ideals, and reasons for the inclination towards child labor and street children can lead to a clearer understanding of the reasons for attracting individuals to social participation and utilizing their human and cultural capital.

This study relies on the qualitative method of grounded theory, using semi-structured interviews and observation techniques to provide a sociological analysis of the subject. A total of 22 interviews were conducted through purposive sampling. Data coding from the interviews was performed using MAXQDA software in three stages (open, axial, and selective), and the sampling ended upon reaching theoretical saturation and obtaining sufficient diversity.

In this study, 1761 codes were obtained and ultimately reduced to 57 categories. The main categories include “creating a new identity”, “social acceptance”, “responding to social concerns”, “efficiency and usefulness”, “compensating for government deficiencies”, and “voluntary membership” centered around the phenomenon of “volunteering” and formed within a paradigmatic model including “causal conditions”, “phenomenon”, “context”, “intervening conditions”, and “consequences”.

Volunteering in NGOs supporting child labor and street children is a multifaceted phenomenon influenced by various factors such as structural-social dimensions, individual factors, religious factors, and family factors.

In recent years, subjective well-being has been the focus of researcher as a subjective indicator for quality of life. Subjective well-being is usually considered as a broad category of phenomena that includes the emotional response of people and their general judgments about life satisfaction. The purpose of this article is to investigate relationship between social capital in structural and cognitive dimensions with the level of subjective well-being. This is a survey research through which 380 persons above 20 years of age resident in the residential area of Khatam city have been interviwed through multistage cluster sampling method. The findings indicate that variables of intimacy in the relationship, frequency of contact (structural social capital), institutional trust and social support (cognitive social capital), exert significant effects on subjective well-being. On the whole, the results of multiple regression analysis indicates that the main variables of the study, explain 27 percent of the variance in subjective well-being.

IN the 20-year vision document of the development of Iran (1384-1404) Iran is depicted as a developed country with the first economic, scientific and technological position in the region, with an Islamic and revolutionary identity, inspiring in the Islamic world. studying of the situation of nanotechnology in Iran shows that although this technology has been initiated in Iran for less than 20 years, but compared to other technologies has experienced sustainable growth in sciences & economics. The main factor of this development is the "Special Nanotechnology Headquarters" and its active and special secretariat, and therefore the study of policies and management processes leading to this sustainable growth can provide insights for the development of other technologies and innovations in the country. The present qualitative research has been done by collecting, categorizing and conceptualizing the organizational experiences of the secretariat of this headquarters and has tried to create a model of the role of intangible capitals in forming the organizational success of this organization in the development of nano in the country.

One of the factors that affect social welfare in societies is social capital. The objective of this research is to integrate the research on social capital and social welfare in order to more effectively utilize the knowledge that has been accumulated in these fields.Utilizing Meta-synthesis methodology, this article evaluates articles concerning social capital and welfare from 2012 to 2023.This article reviewed 16 scientific and research articles in the fields of social welfare and social capital.The results indicated that the economic dimension and objective indicators of well-being have been the primary focus of studies on well-being, with little attention paid to the mental dimension. Also, the findings indicate that the more a person is intertwined with his traditional and ethnic culture in terms of identity and culture, the more mental well-being he will enjoy. On the other hand, the reduction of social capital may lead to the reduction of economic and social productivity, increase of tensions and social anomalies. Additionally, economic capital is adversely affected by the degradation of social capital. These effects include: 1. Reduction of cooperation and trust: 2. Increase of transaction costs: 3. Reduction of innovation.Consequently, the social capital of ethnic groups in Iran is a multifaceted and intricate phenomenon that manifests in a variety of ways as a result of the cultural, historical, and social diversity of the country. Consequently, government policies and programs must establish harmony among all groups in order to foster a sense of intergroup solidarity. Along with intra-group solidarity, the welfare of the society is also improved.

Many researchers believe that social media, as an influential tool on human and social issues, holds significant importance and can be a source of various changes in society and politics. It appears that one of the topics influenced by these modern communication technologies in recent decades is national identity. This study aims to examine the impact of social media on national identity using a deductive strategy and quantitative data collection method. In this regard, the statistical population of this research consists of the youth of Ardabil city, among whom 316 questionnaires were distributed using cluster sampling and tested with the Preacher and Hayes method. By dividing the social media variable into two dimensions: the amount of social media consumption and the duration of social media membership, the research findings indicate that, firstly, both dimensions of social media directly and significantly reduce individuals' national identity. Secondly, the dual dimensions of social media also indirectly and significantly impact national identity through the mediating variable of social capital, leading to a reduction in national identity among the tested individuals.

Women's entrepreneurship encompasses cooperative and independent self-employment, employer involvement, as well as single-ownership and new business endeavors.The study employed a quantitative meta-analysis approach, utilizing purposive non-probability sampling to gather data from 2011 to 2022. Fifty documents out of a total of 87 studies comprised the statistical population. Documents were selected based on entry and exit criteria, which encompassed factors such as sample size, significance level, correlation coefficient, and research validity and quality.The results indicate that cultural elements (such as way of life, religious convictions, support for gender equality, participation in social networks, cultural poverty, cultural capital, patriarchal culture, collaborative culture, culture, and work ethic); psychological elements (including self-assurance, courageousness in undertaking risks, self-esteem, sense of social adequacy, perception of social discrimination, motivation for independence, aspiration for success and advancement, educational aptitude, and innovative and creative thinking); The research findings indicate that contextual factors exert the most significant influence on the entrepreneurial endeavors of rural women, as evidenced by an effect coefficient of 0.300. Findings Women's entrepreneurship is a subfield of entrepreneurship that, in addition to economic profit, seeks social and cultural benefits; it facilitates the identification of cultural, social, and economic contexts of society, the identification of social needs, and community recognition.

As a fundamental requirement for national progress, rural development must take precedence over other initiatives in development strategies. Among the most effective strategies for the sustainable and all-encompassing development of rural communities is maximizing the capabilities and participation of individuals, particularly villagers, in every aspect.The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of social capital on the local progress of the villages of Goldasht, Jangalabad, and Gazabad in Ghalaganj County, situated in the southern region of Kerman province. This will be achieved through the utilization of social network analysis over two distinct time periods: prior to and subsequent to the execution of the community empowerment initiative. The required data were gathered in this manner through the distribution of a network analysis questionnaire and conducting direct interviews with 251 members of the local microcredit fund, employing a full network approach.The results indicate that the density index for two ties of trust and collaboration has increased in all villages examined since the empowerment plan was implemented; Gazabad village has the maximum density associated with the tie of trust (90.1). An increase in population density results in the development of trust, participation and social capital at the individual level. The increase in the reciprocity index further demonstrates the significance and efficacy of the empowerment plan in fostering trust and collaboration among nations, bolstering social capital, and ultimately enhancing individual empowerment.The confidence of microcredit fund members has increased and their willingness to participate has been strengthened as a result of the empowerment project’s implementation, according to the results. This underscores the effectiveness of the community-based approach as a means to augment social capital. Therefore, administrators and policymakers can devise strategies to enhance sustainable rural management by utilizing these findings.

This study delves into the dimensions of social capital and its prevalence within organizations. Utilizing theories in the field of social capital, such as those proposed by Bourdieu, Putnam, Coleman, and Fukuyama, the research explicates and elucidates the issue. The research methodology employed a quantitative survey approach, targeting a statistical population consisting of employees in education, hospitals, and municipalities. A sample size of 384 individuals was selected from the total statistical population. The measurement tool in this study was a standardized questionnaire with acceptable reliability and validity. Descriptive findings indicate that the threefold dimensions of social capital (trust, collaboration, and participation) have been notably high to very high. In the inferential statistics section of the research, a t-test was conducted. Based on this, to assess whether the average social capital in organizations in the city of Varamin significantly differs from 3 (the acceptable mean for sample organizations) or not, a one-sample t-test was performed. The findings indicated that the mean score for overall social capital was 4.23, social trust was 3.93, cooperation was 3.77, and the mean score for overall social participation was 4.72. Considering the significance level of the test, which was equal to sig=0.000, the test results showed that the mean scores of the examined variables in the sample organizations were significantly higher than the acceptable mean, demonstrating a statistically significant difference among them.

In various studies, growth has been seen as a function of labor and capital, These two factors account for about 50 percent of economic growth. On the other hand, growth endogeneity is an issue raised by Romer et al. The present article examines the process of per capita income convergence in a set of 16 border provinces of the country for the period 2000-2019 with special attention to the role of social capital as a preparatory factor by the data panel method. According to the results, convergence is a function of factors such as accumulation of human capital, accumulation of physical capital and social capital. Different dimensions of social capital have different growth effects based on the level of development of the border province. Therefore 1- Trust (inverse per capita number of lawsuits related to issuing misplaced checks, embezzlement and bribery). 2. Participation (turnout rate) also controls different stable states between countries. The per capita income growth rate coefficient in the last 5 years is meaningless and since the convergence coefficient is not significant, as a result of this model is not convergent and there is always a stable difference in terms of per capita income between the border provinces of Iran. And the current levels of human, social and physical capital cannot be effective in reducing the difference in income levels of border provinces.

 Social happiness is a set of individual and social conditions that cause people to have positive attitudes towards the environment that surrounds them. This research was conducted with the aim of "investigating some factors affecting the social happiness of students" using a survey method. The sample size of 400 people was determined and the samples were selected using stratified random sampling method. A questionnaire was used to collect research data. The mean social happiness of the students was 2.31 (from 1 to 5). The findings of two-variable analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between the variables of security feeling, social health, feeling of injustice, social capital, feeling of relative deprivation, the amount of use of cyberspace, feeling of social alienation, and religious adherence with the social happiness of students. However, there was no significant relationship between the age and social happiness of students. Also, there is a significant difference in the social happiness of students according to their sex and marital status. The results of the multiple regression analysis also showed that except for the variables of feeling of relative deprivation, marital status, security feeling, social capital and the amount of use of cyberspace, other independent variables were removed from the regression equation. These variables have been able to explain 28% of the variance of the dependent variable of social happiness.