جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "social factors" در نشریات گروه "علوم اجتماعی"

The primary objective of this article is to explore the impact of sociological factors on permanent singlehood among women aged 40-50. 

This research adopts an applied research approach for its purpose and uses a survey method. The study population includes all single women in districts 3, 10, and 19 of Tehran. Sampling methods in this research consist of quota sampling and snowball sampling. This approach begins with familiar and accessible samples, where each respondent leads to the introduction of additional hidden and unfamiliar respondents, thereby gradually expanding the sample size. 

The research findings indicate that sociological factors and societal changes, particularly in social and economic dimensions, have influenced women’s singlehood. Key sociological reasons influencing permanent singlehood among women aged 40-50 include higher education, employment and financial independence, shifts in values and attitudes toward marriage, women’s distrust toward people, especially men, and societal attitudes toward women’s higher education. 

The results demonstrated that sociological factors and societal transformations, particularly in social and economic dimensions, are consistent with the theoretical frameworks proposed by Giddens and Castells (for social factors) and Cross and Pieterse (for economic factors), aligning with the study’s findings.

Mathematics is a science that discusses numbers or topics that have a quantitative and quantitative aspect. The subject of mathematical knowledge is a kind of quantitative order, and the extension of mathematics to economics is the extension of this quantitative order to economic studies.The main issue in mathematical economics is not mathematical realization at the level of customs offices and general economic statistics; rather, the main problem is the realization of economic theories with mathematical dimensions that have a theoretical analysis of raw economic realities. Mathematics has various applications in economics. These applications include a wide range of economic indicators and geometric explanations.Mathematics in economics sometimes plays the role of the language of expressing theories, which is summarized in the geometric and algebraic representation of theories, and sometimes it is used as a theoretical tool of economics. In the second role, mathematics explains functional relationships between economic variables and tests theories by econometrics, measures the simple and theoretical quantities, and extracts the statistical values ​​of economic variables using statistical techniques. Based on this, mathematical applications in economics include 1. Units of measurement; 2. Explaining the relationships of various economic variables; 3. Statistical calculations; 4. Econometrics; 5. Geometric representations of economic theories.Mathematical economics has several developments in the history of economics, and to explain these changes, it is necessary to explain its theoretical and Individual-social factors in conventional economics. Individual-Social factors explain the individual and social conditions and contexts of mathematics in economics, and theoretical factors include ontological, epistemological, and methodological foundations, philosophy of mathematics, compatibility of economic concepts with mathematics, and availability of mathematical theories required for economic mathematical analysis.Some theorists have only focused on the theoretical factors of mathematics in economics, and some have only focused on its social factors. It seems that focusing on single-factor analysis has led to a limited and out-of-context view of mathematics in economics. Also, proper logical analysis of the combination of these factors has not been considered. Paying attention to the comprehensive analysis as well as the logical combination of these factors leads to the recognition of different types of mathematics throughout the history of economics under the shadow of different combinations between theoretical foundations and different social conditions.Therefore, the present article seeks to comprehensively review these factors based on the logical historical analytical method.This article uses a logical analysis method to identify the titles of these factors.The method of historical analysis deals with the historical study of these factors in the history of economics and economic facts to intercept the mentioned factors in the history of economic theories and economic facts.The logical combination of theoretical factors and objective factors can significantly help to understand the developments of mathematics in economics.The findings of the research show that mathematics in economics follows the logical combination of the ontological, epistemological, and methodological foundations, main concepts, theories of mathematical philosophy, required mathematical theories, and social factors.Based on the explanation of these factors, the ontological foundations determine the core study of economics, and after that, the epistemology and theorizing methods are determined. By clarifying the theorizing method, the main concepts of this science are formed. Concepts that have a quantitative ability in turn determine the fate of using mathematics in economics; but other steps, such as the theory of mathematical philosophy accepting the flow of mathematics, as well as the realization of appropriate mathematical theories in mathematics and the formation of appropriate social conditions, are necessary for the realization of mathematical analysis in economics.Based on the analysis of the mentioned combination of the theoretical and social factors, seven periods can be recognized in economics.The pre-mathematical era of economics (from Siva's writings about money in 1711 to Cournot in 1838): this era includes the works of the era of mercantilists, physiocrats, and classics;Early beginning (Cournot's theory of partial equilibrium): This period is related to the works and theories of August Cournot;The marginalist revolution (Jones 1871 and Walras 1874 and Perto 1906): This period is related to the neoclassical school when the marginalist revolution was achieved by the economists of this school;The opposite view of the historical school (the time of Marshall and his followers): This period includes the works of Marshall, Keynes, etc., which were influenced by the historical school. Non-mainstream schools such as interpretative and critical approaches can be considered as the continuation of the historical school in a new form in the matter of opposition to mathematics;The maturity of mathematical economic theory in classical econometrics: the era of the Coles Foundation (1938), economic journals, and the Nobel Prize: since the 1930s, mathematical expression occupied an increasing proportion of the pages of important economic journals;The era of the emergence of mathematics in macroeconomic theories: Keynes's followers in macroeconomics after him, based on the naturalism of economic society, by mathematizing his discussions, presented a new field of mathematical research to economists;Separation of mathematics from economic theory (pragmatism: 1944): In this era, with the spread of the pragmatic theories of John Van Neumann, econometrics changed its direction to modern econometrics, and economic theories were marginalized.Based on this, mathematics in economics reached its peak when various ontological developments in naturalism included the quantitative nature of economic relations, decisions of economic agents, economic behavior, and economic society, and based on that, various epistemological and methodological tools were used for mathematical analysis. These methods created quantitative concepts in economics, which led to the mathematical modeling of all economic theories in the shadow of mathematical philosophy's agreement with their quantification and the realization of the required mathematical theories, and then by removing the economic theory, led to the simple analysis of mathematical trends.The main challenge of the mainstream is the dominance of mathematical content over economic theories. Although the mainstream of economics is not satisfied with the removal of economic theory in the shadow of this extreme mathematics and emphasizes the importance of economic theory in this field, with the increasing need for complex economic analysis, only the estimated analysis of mathematical trends remains available to some econometrics. This issue has provoked many discussions among economic methodologists.The mentioned results indicate that any change in the current state of mathematics in economics will also be subject to the mentioned factors.

Purpose:

The purpose of the current research is an anthropological study and analysis of the opportunities and threats of social resilience in North Khorasan province. Natural disasters kill millions of people all over the world and cause a lot of economic losses. Social resilience refers to the ability of a society to withstand, manage and quickly recover from the effects of a destructive event such as a natural disaster. In this study, the factors affecting social resilience were investigated and analyzed.

  This research was conducted using a combined method (quantitative and qualitative). In the quantitative part, a survey method was used to collect data through a questionnaire from a sample of people in North Khorasan province. In the quantitative part, the statistical population of the research includes all citizens of North Khorasan who are over 15 years old. The reason why people over 15 years of age are considered is that selected people among them have the opportunity to experience various disasters at least in the last few years. According to the detailed results of the population and housing census (2015), the statistical population in this section includes 561/220 people. In the qualitative part, the in-depth interview method was used with key people such as crisis management experts, local community leaders and victims of natural disasters. The sample size in the qualitative part of the research was determined by the theoretical saturation of the answers to the interview questions, but in the quantitative part, the sample size was determined based on the sample size determination table of Krejcie and Morgan (1970) 384 people. However, due to the existing conditions and the noticeable drop in people's participation in the field of research activities, 350 people agreed to complete the forms at the provincial level, and according to the consultation with the supervisor and also the lengthening of the research process, the data of 350 forms were used for analysis.

The results of the qualitative part and the interviews showed that two main factors play a role in social resilience: resources and capital (including economic, social, cultural and symbolic capital) and performance (including active and passive functions at different levels). The results of the quantitative part also showed that there is a significant relationship between economic, social and cultural capital and social resilience.

The current research showed that economic, social and cultural capitals play an important role in the social resilience of the people of North Khorasan against natural disasters. The results of this study can be useful for policy makers and planners to increase the social resilience of societies against natural disasters. These findings show that strengthening various capitals in society can help increase social resilience and make society more resistant to natural disasters. In general, this research deals with the importance of social, economic and cultural capitals in social resilience and provides solutions to improve these capitals

The principal objective of the present Research is to identify the social factors effective on the women's role-playing in the sustainable urban development of Arak city. The concept of women’s social capacity in the development projects has attracted the attention of policy makers and social policy authorities due to the fact that the roles of national governments have been weakened by globalization, thus, it has made the capacities of local communities a viable solution to the development problems. The theoretical framework of the research was developed based on the theories that explain the relationship between gender and development including feminist theories, capacity theory, theory of urban sustainable system, Bourdieu theory of masculine domination, theory of urban attachment. Based on the samplimg plan developed among women with ages above 20 from 55 neiborhoods in 5 district in Arak, the research was carried out using survey method and researcher-made questionnaire. Cluster and inappropriate stratified samplings with 392 individuals as the sample volume were used. The research results confirm the hypotheses based on which factors effecting the role of women in sustainable urban development of Arak city include: capital amount available for women (such as social capital, cultural capital, and economic capital); city’s capacity to supply the citizens’ needs; housing welfare conditions; gender stereotyes dominating the family; education, being native or not; employment; city attachment; believing in gender segregation in development; gender discrimination feeling, and development-related talents. Finally, based on regression analysis, the independent variables’ power used in explaining the dependent variable variance was 35 percent.

Well-being in its macro sense can be the result of national efforts of a society, which is achieved by policy making and implementation of social and economic programs. The current research study was conducted with the aim of designing a welfare governance model.

The present research is a mixed method (qualitative-quantitative) study and exploratory type was employed. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part was the experts of the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare and the Social Security Organization of the country. In the quantitative part, based on Cochran’s formula, among 600 people, 386 people were selected by stratified random method. A semi-structured interview was used in the qualitative part, and a researcher-made questionnaire was used in the quantitative part. Long-term engagement technique was also used to check the validity of the questionnaire in the qualitative part. In the quantitative part of the research, the face and construct validity of the questionnaire and its reliability were checked using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The obtained information was used in the qualitative part of the theme analysis method and MAXQDA software, and in the quantitative part, the structural equation model and Smart PLS 2 software were used.

The results showed that the governance model consists of 109 open codes, 20 central codes and five selective codes under the headings of cultural/social, economic, political/security, public health, and governance factors.

It seems that by recognizing the effective factors on welfare governance and providing the necessary conditions for welfare governance, the level of well-being of citizens can be improved.

The current research was conducted with the aim of finding the reasons for low population growth in Lorestan province. The interactive theory of the population as a theoretical approach is the template in the present research.

The research method is qualitative and Delphi type. The statistical population of the research is all media experts, psychology, sociology, demography and religious experts of Lorestan province. Out of this number, 20 people were selected in a targeted manner. A semi-structured interview technique was used to collect information. The duration of the interviews was 30 minutes and their analysis was done using the Claysey method.

Negative individualism, the prevalence of western modernity based on consumption and diversity, women's identity changes, housing problems, marriage problems, youth migration, unemployment, education, the spread of divorce, changing attitudes towards marriage, the spread of virtual media, lack of security. Job, economic weakness, high cost of children, value changes, multiple children as a bad thing, attitude towards children as a luxury item, lack of trust, uncertainty in the future of the country, lack of openness of planners, lack of scientific and theoretical research and the importance of climatic conditions. One of the reasons for population decline in Lorestan province is that they are classified in the form of economic factors in the first place, cultural and social factors, environmental and climatic factors. The current situation can be explained in terms of youth marriage and birth control.

In general, it can be concluded that if social and economic platforms and facilitators are realized in the field of changing the society's attitude towards childbearing, with the help of the media in line with macro policies, the problem of decreasing the population of the province can be solved to some extent.

Focusing on the spatial resilience of urban squares, a key component of urban infrastructure, plays a crucial role in maintaining the vitality, identity, and defining characteristics of cities. Addressing how social and physical factors contribute to spatial resilience through scholarly investigation is paramount in urban research. The study at hand is both developmental and applied in its approach, utilizing a mixed-methods research design encompassing qualitative and quantitative techniques. The qualitative segment involved establishing a conceptual framework through comprehensive literature review, employing observational tools, interviews, and questionnaires to elucidate and scrutinize the factors at play. The quantitative analysis utilized software (City Engine) to assess correlations. Noteworthy findings highlight the significance of the cultural aspects of urban square central structures in bolstering spatial resilience through social factors. Moreover, the research underscores that enhancing physical connectivity positively impacts social indicators. The interdependence of social and physical elements in shaping spatial resilience is apparent, as they mutually reinforce each other and compensate for deficiencies in specific indicators. 

The primary objective of this article is to address the following key research inquiries: 1) What specific physical and social factors and components influence the spatial resilience of significant urban squares? 2) What is the current level of spatial resilience indicators in prominent urban locales? To tackle these questions, a comprehensive analysis integrating both qualitative and quantitative physical and social indicators was conducted to elucidate the components contributing to spatial resilience in urban squares. This research delves into the examination of various factors that have played a pivotal role in bolstering the resilience of urban squares within three focal squares in Hamedan city. The outcomes of this study hold relevance for public and urban development initiatives aimed at enhancing the design and functionality of urban squares, thereby fostering environments with heightened levels of spatial resilience.

This investigation serves a practical and developmental purpose as a comparative study and analysis, falling within the realm of qualitative research. Drawing upon library resources, documentation, observational techniques, case studies, and participatory interview methodologies, the research seeks to elucidate the factors influencing the spatial resilience of three prominent urban squares—specifically, Imam Square, Bu Ali Square, and Baba Taher Square in Hamedan. The study aims to identify the physical and social constituents contributing to the resilience of these urban spaces and formulate a model for spatially resilient environments. To facilitate comprehensive data collection, a combination of library research, documentary analysis, on-site observations, and participatory interviews were employed. Initially, qualitative analyses were conducted through meticulous investigation, observation, and description of parameters and characteristics within the aforementioned squares. Subsequently, utilizing the Minnesota method, interviews were conducted with frequent users of the spaces to gain insights into their perceptions and experiences. The target demographic comprised individuals who regularly engaged with these squares on a daily or weekly basis. Recognizing that certain influential parameters in physical and social analyses may elude direct observation, interviews were instrumental in capturing nuanced components. Findings were synthesized based on data retrieved from various sources, including user experiences, observations of pedestrian flows in key pathways surrounding the squares, and layered information analysis techniques.

Upon scrutinizing the quantitative results, it has been discerned that the correlation coefficient values for all three studied urban squares are notably high, predominantly attributable to the social dimension and human presence, thereby enhancing spatial resilience. This study employed a quantitative test to evaluate correlation values on a macro level, alongside a qualitative explanatory approach for environmental analysis within the sample domains. The quantitative test was instrumental in complementing the insights derived from qualitative explanations, revealing that while the correlation indices at the macro level were nearly identical for Bu Ali Square and Baba Taher Square, disparities in their local integration significantly influenced the social presence within these two spaces. This observation underscores the interplay between quantitative correlation analysis and the qualitative measure of social presence. For instance, the bustling human activity at Bu Ali Square, situated near the city center, functions as a focal point due to its diverse functionality and ability to cater to the daily requirements of users and residents.

The findings underscore the significance of both physical and social components in determining the spatial resilience of an urban square, thus substantiating the initial hypothesis posited in this study regarding the pivotal role played by the amalgamation of physical and social factors in spatial resilience. Optimal spatial resilience in an urban setting, such as a square, necessitates a harmonious blend of functionality, physical structure, symbolic meaning, and social engagement. Examination of the constituent elements and sub-elements discussed in both the qualitative and quantitative segments of this research elucidates the mutually reinforcing relationship between the social and physical dimensions, whereby factors conducive to physical well-being ultimately contribute to enhanced social interaction, thus elevating the overall spatial resilience. In essence, the reciprocal influence between the physical and social dimensions is paramount in bolstering spatial resilience.
Moreover, a square's ability to endure and maintain its spatial resilience amidst physical transformations and developments is contingent upon fostering acceptance, shared memory, and a sense of social belonging among the populace. When the social fabric weaves a tapestry of connection and belonging, it effectively sustains and surpasses physical alterations. Noteworthy is the pivotal role played by architectural structures imbued with cultural significance and responsive to social needs in fortifying the spatial resilience of an urban square. The results highlight that while spatial integration significantly impacts the formation and sustenance of social networks, other factors such as the diversity of functions, integration of uses, the presence of primary and secondary activities along access paths to the square, and the cultivation of a distinct sense of place through thoughtful design and community engagement all wield substantial influence. Evidently, deliberate planning to encourage social interaction and a sense of communal ownership plays a decisive role in shaping the vibrant social life and spatial resilience of urban squares.

Today, political participation, which means a set of citizens' activities to influence the government and support the political system, is of great importance for all types of political systems. One of the types of political participation is participation in elections. Various researches have shown that a set of social, economic and psychological factors influence people's electoral behavior. The current research has categorized the set of factors affecting the political participation of individuals in the sociological field, and with this support, its goal is to investigate the social factors affecting the political participation of the citizens of Ilam province in the 11th parliamentary election. The current research method is descriptive-survey and the data collection tool is also a questionnaire. The statistical population of the current research is citizens eligible to vote in Ilam province, 384 people have been selected by cluster method through Cochran's formula. For this purpose, Ilam province is divided into four clusters (North, South, East and West). For data analysis and statistical inference, regression test was used with the help of SPSS software. The findings show that there is a positive and significant relationship between social factors such as social networks, social trust and social cohesion, gaining respect and political participation, while social awareness, social participation and benefit acquisition have not affected the increase of people's participation in the elections of the Islamic Council in Ilam province.

Today, neglecting the social and environmental concepts in housing has caused constructions to be measured in the form of a quantitative relationship, that is, the quantitative and numerical relationship of humans economically with the physical dimensions of housing or the people living in it. Thus, considering social values and concepts such as justice in housing has been violated. Therefore, the current research, recognizes the sensitivity of the issue of housing and its role on people's perception of social justice, has found the necessity of payment in this field by relying on the relationship between three environmental, social and physical factors related to housing; with the aim of explaining the role of housing on people's perception of social justice in Tehran as case study. The applied research is a combination of qualitative and quantitative research. Data analysis is done with SPSS version 27 and Smart PLS version 3 software. Findings show that there is a significant relationship between all three environmental, social and physical factors (p<0.05). The direction of the relationship between all three factors is positive and the factors are correlated with each other and affect the citizens' perception of justice; in general, citizens do not consider the housing situation in Tehran fair.

According to social science researchers, the family is the smallest and most important social institution, and marriage is the basis of the family and a desirable and Islamic obligation. There are theories that indicate the desire to marry among young people is influenced by economic, social and political factors. The tendency ot marry in the country is considered as one of the important issues and changes in tendency to marry in Hamadan province as one of the provinces of the country were investigated. This research was conducted among the 18-35-year-old youth of Hamadan province in year 2023, and 388 of them were selected for the study using Cochran formula. The collected data were analyzed using Spss software. Results of the research for the tendency to marry indicate that there is a significant relationship between variables such as attachment to parents, individuality in choosing a spouse, idealistic expectations from marriage, having financial resources, believing in the cost- benefit of marriage, socializing with the opposite sex. and there is no connection with the acceptance of gender equality. Finally, the regression results show that the five variables of attachment to parents, idealistic expectation of marriage, having financial resources, belief in the cost-opportunity of marriage, socializing with the opposite sex can account for 60.6% of the variance of the dependent variable (tendency to marriage).

This paper is based on a qualitative study in which an attempt is made to analyze the perceived understanding of single girls in Yasuj of socio-economic contexts and contexts that are effective in raising the age of marriage. For this purpose, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 single girls in Yasuj who were selected by purposive sampling method. The Colaizzi content analysis method was used, In the data analysis stage. The main categories extracted in the interview with the interviewees were: "economic disadvantage of marriage", "generalized socio-economic expectations" and "changes in the family system and family values" and include 11 Sub-categories: 'Complexity of economic conditions", 'Inefficiency of support plans', "Dominance of economic criteria over Marriage", 'Job challenges and fear of marriage", "Increasing luxuries and difficulty in providing dowry", "Economic Equilibrium and Socio-Economic expectations of boys", "Demanding educational and financial balance in girls and boys remnants", "Highlighting family injuries" and … .In general, the findings of this study indicated that socio-economic contexts greatly disrupt the system of calculating profit and loss in marriage, and therefore in the current situation of marriage is not economically viable and thus, the girls’ marriage style compared to previous decades of the traditional form and Its family-orienteers has been removed and, by adopting more modern methods, it has undergone changes and transformations, such as marriage age rising.

In every society, women make up half of the population. Half of the active population and half of the population that can have a significant impact on the growth and development of the next generation and the national development of a country. Political and social factors are among the most important factors that provide the ground for women's participation in political participation or are obstacles to their presence. ،The role of women in the political participation, especially the current society of Afghanistan, which requires the presence and participation of more experts in the society and that a significant percentage of it is women. The purpose of this article is to identify and rank important political and social factors affecting women's political participation. Afghanistan uses structural equation analysis. The present study is one of the descriptive-field researches that has been used to collect data using the distribution of a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of the study includes all adult citizens of Kabul, which using a random sampling method with Cochran's formula, the sample is estimated at 375 people. The obtained data were analyzed using structural equation modeling method with partial least squares approach with Smart-PLS software and Friedman test in SPSS software was used to rank. The results of data analysis show that political factors are approved with a coefficient of 3.06 and are ranked first with a coefficient of 1.27 and social factors are approved with a coefficient of 4.76 and are ranked second with a coefficient of 1.28.

Suicide is a global public health concern. Identifying factors related to suicide can improve risk classification and help targeted interventions for high-risk groups. In fact, effective suicide prevention requires a comprehensive understanding of risk factors. In this study, in addition to economic and social factors affecting suicide, the amount of risk and economic instability is also considered.

In order to determine the index of risk and instability at the macroeconomic level, an index of the average variance of the three variables of inflation rate, economic growth rate and the percentage of exchange rate changes in the parallel currency market has been made. Then, with the aim of providing economic and social strategies to prevent suicide, the impact of each macroeconomic and social factor on suicide has been estimated using the ordinary least squares regression method during the period of 2001 to 2020.

The estimation results show that the general level variables of prices, divorce, crime rate, income inequality in society as well as economic instability have a positive effect on suicide, and employment variables and the age ratio of the 50 to 69-year-old population to the rest of the country's population have a negative effect on suicide.

Despite the influence of macro-economic and social factors on the suicide rate in Iran, it is worth considering the significant impact of the inequality of income distribution in the society on the suicide rate. Considering this significant effect on the suicide rate, reducing inequality is actually an economic solution that the country's politicians can implement.

Each individual’s self-belief is the rate of sense of confidence that they have towards themselves. This sense of confidence plays an effective role in forming success and prosperity to the extent that having high self-belief is one of themain prerequites for success. In this research, attempts have been made to investigate the way to improve self-beliefs of commanders and managers of protective, intelligence and security organizations, in regards to individual, organizational and social factors. Therefore; here is thre main question of this research,” How should the improvement of self-beliefs of commanders and managers of protective, intelligence and security organizations be, in regards to individual, organizational and social factors?”. In regards to the extent of the statistical society in this research which equals 63 persons, therefore; the extent of the sample society is in accordance to the statistical society and it was carriedout in all-count manner. The sampling method was also of purposeful type . The reliability of the questions of the questionnaire, was calculated 91% using cutin-half method. The present research is of applied type and was conducted using the descriptive method. Information gathering was carried out using library and field methods. The final results of this research indicate that by continuously improving quantity and quality of individual, organizational and social factors,it is possible to improve self-belief in commanders and managers of protective, intelligence and security organizations and through this way, to materialize organizational development and excellence.