جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "united nations" در نشریات گروه "علوم اجتماعی"

International drug trafficking has become a global threat for a long time. Precursors and chemicals also play an important role in the production of narcotics and psychotropic substances, so this article aims to provide a detailed and technical understanding of the United Nations International Narcotics Board›s actions in combating the international trafficking of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors.

The current research has a qualitative approach and in terms of the goal is applied and the method is among the descriptive-analytical researches that was conducted using library resources including documents.

In this research, all the measures, tools and resources of the International Narcotics Control Board in the fight against the international trafficking of narcotics, psychotropic substances and precursors were identified and analyzed by using document study.

The information obtained in this research shows that since 2003, this international organization of the United Nations has provided very useful measures and tools to the law enforcers of countries such as; Global Program for Rapid Control of Dangerous Substances, Global Project of Operational Partnerships to Prevent the Distribution and Illegal Sale of Opioids, Ion Operational Project on Psychotropic Substances, International Import and Export Permit System, Precursor Event Exchange System (PIX) and has placed PEN Lite Online System to manage the activities of transnational organized criminals based on international treaties.

The United Nations Security Council as the primary and main responsible for maintaining international peace and security and the International Court of Justice as the judicial pillar of the United Nations play an important role in resolving international disputes. At the same time, these institutions are considered to be part of the United Nations, and the boundaries and manner of their relations with each other are effective in resolving disputes. Based on this, in this article, we will examine what role and position the Security Council and the International Court of Justice have in the settlement of international disputes. And what is the relationship between these two institutions in resolving disputes?

This article is written in an analytical-descriptive way.

Regarding the relations between the Security Council and the International Court of Justice in the settlement of international disputes, four situations can be examined, which include the judicial supervision of the Court over the Security Council, the simultaneous jurisdiction of the Security Council and the International Court of Justice in Dealing with international disputes is the effect of Security Council resolutions on the rulings of the International Court of Justice and the Security Council as a guarantee of the implementation of the decisions of the International Court of Justice. It should also be said that the Court and the Security Council are not superior to each other, and referring to the Council to implement the decision of the Court or requesting an advisory opinion from the Court by the Security Council is not a criterion for the superiority of one over the other.

The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime was established in 1997 to address the international challenges of drug control, crime prevention, and terrorism. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime has 25 country and regional offices worldwide and operates in more than 150 countries around the world. The United Nations Office on Narcotic Drugs and Crime intends to continue cooperation with Iran and the international community for the years 2015-2019 by implementing the new country partnership program in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime has implemented measures that reflect three international conventions on drug control and conventions on combating transnational organized crime and corruption.The activities of the United Nations Office against Narcotics and Crime in order to strengthen the judicial assistance capabilities of the Islamic Republic of Iran are focused on the global fight against organized crime and money laundering. The projects of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in Iran mainly include the drug demand reduction program, which supports national preventive measures and regional cooperation

The International Court of Justice is a part of the United Nations system, and as an international actor, it should pay attention to the developments in the political and social structure of the international community and the supremacy of some values ​​over the will of governments. This organization itself is actually a system that was created to ensure security and achieve permanent peace. International law, like domestic law, is not pre-arranged, the court cannot be binding, but the court has an essential role in ratifying laws, Therefore, the court derives the rule while not making a law. What was studied in this article is the breaking structure made by the court "in the case of military and paramilitary actions of the United States of America against Nicaragua".

The research method of this research is descriptive-analytical and library and internet sources were used to collect information.

In the case of Nicaragua, the court, in proving its opinion that the principle of prohibition of use of force and the principle of non-intervention are customary, cites and expresses several conventions. The 1944 Chicago Convention has emphasized the exclusive and complete sovereignty of a country over its airspace, and the 1958 Geneva Conventions on the Law of the Seas and the 1982 Monte Gobi Convention have also taken steps in this direction. Citing the above conventions, the court comes to the conclusion that "the provisions of the aforementioned conventions are merely a positive response to the established and previous principles of customary international law."

The process of globalization implies the globalization of responsibilities. The necessity of globalization of crime will also lead to the acceptance of global or international criminal responsibility of the perpetrators. Governments, as one of the actors of international law, are not exempted from this, and the issue of their criminal responsibility is associated with many complications due to the relationship and sensitivity of rulers to their principles of governance.

The current research is descriptive-analytical in terms of practical purpose, in terms of implementation method, and information collection has been done through document review and data collection, using library resources and available research documents.

Although with the removal of Article 19 of the international responsibility draft of the government, approved by the International Law Commission, as the most important source of the international criminal responsibility of the government, the suspicion of the absence of the government's criminal responsibility arose, but it must be emphasized that its removal The necessity of the existence of this institution has not created a problem and the existence of many international documents and procedures show this issue.

In fact, many behaviors that violate the general rules accepted by the international community can only be done through governments, and the acceptance of civil liability for governments for violating these general and important rules is in line with justice and the important principles of law. The international community has not been like the principle of the need to maintain order and peace of the world community, and it has caused some states to exploit and abuse this vacuum, so it is necessary to realize the criminal responsibility of the states

The phenomenon of drug trafficking and psychotropic substances under the name of Black trade has now conquered most of the countries of the world and has become a global challenge, on the other hand beyond the concept of black trade In this way, it has encouraged manufacturers, sellers and traffickers of narcotics and psychotropic substances to organize work and organized operations. This study examines international cooperation in the fight against drug and psychotropic trafficking with an emphasis on Interpol.

This article has been compiled using library resources as well as the annual report of Interpol and while reviewing and analyzing the collected information qualitatively, the result is based on the author's inference from the mentioned sources and texts, therefore The study method is "applied" in terms of purpose and "descriptive and library" in terms of data collection.

International cooperation with the police in the fight against narcotics and psychotropic substances, as well as the emergence of large and powerful drug and psychotropic drug trafficking cartels with features such as gangs, complex planning, and very strong financial goals with the aim of achieving the highest Profit, activity at national and international levels, has played a very important role.

Today, traditional methods and island fighting do not answer the problem called drug trafficking and psychotropic drugs on an international scale, and even police organizations and actions with an intercontinental perspective such as Europol, if it leads to increased efficiency and synergy. International institutions will not be successful, so to control such a phenomenon, interaction and cooperation at the international level seems necessary.

The term blue victimology is the study of international rules, regulations and, in fact, international norms focusing on UN instruments on criminological and cognitive victim issues related to women. Approved. The purpose of this study is to identify The United Nations’ Response to Victims and Female Victims of Gender Killings .

This research is a qualitative type that has been done in a descriptive-analytical method, relying on international instruments and studying national laws .

The provisions of the UN instruments emphasize the prohibition of physical violence, especially femicide, which is one of the most violent crimes against women. Gender killings often occur in different countries and femicide has been occured for many reasons such as honor killings , Dowry and Bride Deaths. And united nations takes many actions on this subject .

The United Nations has responded to these type problems since the adoption by the UN General Assembly on 10 December 1948 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. If femicide is the result of confrontational violence and the result of differences between them and other people, leads to hostile and critical relationships . United Nations, especially in recent years, has been exercising international leadership in many areas of the femicide issue; however, it has only been recently that the specific focus on the concept of “femicide” has been articulated and used in its instruments. These developments give strength to the importance of addressing the underlying common variables of femicide.

Today, the phenomenon of drug trafficking has become an international crisis among all countries of the world. Trafficking, as well as drug use, has caused serious damage to the economic, social and cultural fabric of human society. Iran, like many countries, has adopted a specific policy to deal with it. Criminal policy in the narrow sense, which is the same as criminal policy, is interpreted as a set of measures and actions and repressive responses to a criminal phenomenon by the governing forces of a society. The way in which each country deals with this phenomenon has led to the emergence of theories and policies. The prevailing theory of drug trafficking in Iranian and UN law is the theory of criminality. In this study, the substantive criminal policy of both organizations and the country regarding crimes related to drug trafficking has been examined and applied.

The present study was conducted in the form of library-documentary method and the analysis of information was done in a descriptive-analytical manner.

The results showed that the recognition and analysis of organized crime and the development of appropriate strategies to deal with them is not possible except in the shadow of scientific research and in this regard in Iran, which is concerned with aspects of organized crime, especially drug trafficking. It costs a lot of money, and doing such research is vital.

The legislator's criminal policy in the Anti-Narcotics Law is always based on repression, the severity of punishment and their disproportion, so that in determining the punishment according to the social ugliness of the act, the perpetrator's personality, human dignity, type of crime and human rights standards are appropriate criteria. There is not enough attention.

Role of UN in expanding police cooperation and combating against crimeAbstractTo make the world unsafe for the criminals, it is necessary for different states to have regional, trans- regional and international cooperation; So that the roles of regional and international organizations relating to the fields of fighting crimes are very important. UN plays an effective role in fighting crimes and expanding police cooperation by using its special capacities including many entities, conventions and resolutions. The cooperation of this organization with other related organizations like INTERPOL, EUROPOL etc… can, without any doubt, make the effects of UN into the action in an acceptable level.

The 73-year-old United Nations, with membership of all countries, can work very well with the participation of all in the creation and maintenance of world peace; although political actions behind the scenes of the five countries with veto right in the Security Counci interferel in some cases, the presence of all countries makes these things less important. Since the Islamic Republic of Iran is the flagship of the Shiite in the world, in all areas, especially peace, it must take full advantage of its full potential in order to make practically the peaceful establishment of Islam clear. Of course, continuous and effective presence in peacekeeping missions is possible through an appropriate organizational structure, talented and creative officers, with the mastery of English, computer and culture of the host country.This paper addresses the challenges of the missions of maintaining the peace of the Army of the Islamic Republic of Iran and provides appropriate solutions for each of them. The statistical population is considered to be all officers and individuals who have one of the required conditions (participating in missions, participating in training missions, or serving in related staffing positions). In the end, the researcher concludes that the establishment of a Peacebuilding Training Center, and a change in the staffing structure could be very effective in solving the challenges facing the military observer.

London’s failure to meet the goals of foreign policy within the European Concert on the one side and revising the cooperative approaches with great powers due to dependency of the League of Nations and reduction of British imperialist power and plunging into moderate power on the other side has led to fluctuation of Britain’s voting behavior in the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). In fact, desisting from idealism and plummeting of its level and quality of representation in the SC during the cold war and pragmatist orientation in the new international order motivate the author to analyze the UK’s voting behavior in the UNSC. The main hypothesis for the above question is that Britain tries to survive the national interests at different levels based on maximalist activism and international management. In other word, the synthesis of liberal internationalism and Europeanism are the main sources of British voting behavior in the SC. The current paper will analytically- comparatively test the hypothesis according to the theory of collective security and responsibility.

At the end of the Cold War, a new era began in security attitudes that made a review in the concept of "security and threats" necessary. This review caused approaches to develop in international security that emphasized on the future of security multidimensional. In the new paradigm, along with military hardware factors, political, economic, socio-cultural, and environmental factors are considered as they can act as a threat to international security. Climate change is considered as one of the important international issues in the globalization age. This change in Earth environment can be cause due to the danger in climate change in Earth. Today our lives depend on climate change. In the international scene, effects of threats in relation between countries are observed. For example, Darfur War is the first challenge in the field of climate change. This threat, in addition to social tensions, also will follow political unrest and violent conflicts. This subject is acknowledged in United Nation Framework Convention and also follows up to the Secretary General and checks Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in Security Council as the threat against peace and international security.

This paper is an attempt to review the ninth edition of the book entitled “International Organizations” written by Seyed Dawood Aqhaee, a valuable academic source on international organizations. Although the book is one of the first comprehensive sources dealing generally with both historical and structural perspectives, it failed to analyse the history of the League of Nations. To him, both the League of Nations and the United Nations have been puppets in the hands of great powers and thus insists to its readers on a pessimistic view for all international organizations. Information presented in the book, is not only up to dated but also with no clear reference to its origins. Almost on third of the book is on Iran and its role in the UNO while contradicts the title. This paper is to discover and reveal the shortcomings, strengths and weaknesses of the book in different textual and contextual fields of the book and to suggest some recommendations for the next edition of the book.

Although protection of human dignity and rights has its roots in divine cultures and religions, particularly in Islam, the international human rights system has a Western base, which is influenced by particular thoughts and schools and emerged at a specific stage of history in international society. Taking into account some of the essential aspects and principles of international human rights system as well as its practical role in establishment of domination system and globalization of Western culture, it seems that international human rights system is one of the significant means and tools of soft war against the Islamic Republic of Iran and independent countries in the intellectual, managerial and organizational environment. The present paper is an attempt to study the relationships between international human rights system and soft war and their practical and theoretical aspects.

The United Nations may stand to benefit greatly from more robust image promotion and protection. In the last decade the UN image has been significantly damaged by allegations and innuendos regarding the Oil-for-Food Programme. More systematic and rapid responses to criticism may be of value, and may be achievable after the recent Department of Information restructuring. If possible, reserving an hour of prime time radio and television airspace for an annual message from the Secretary-General to the peoples of the world could be one method by which the organization could increase control of its public image. A positive (negative) UN image should tend to scale up (diminish) support from national decision-makers.

To execute the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the United Nations Organization ratified the Beijing Document which emphasizes on teaching women’s rights. Despite the fact that Iran had not joined the convention yet, but in order to enforce its articles, governmental and non-governmental organizations have started to teach the enactments of the United Nations in the country since 2000. The goal behind teaching these rights to women and girls is an attempt to revise, modify, or create laws in accordance with the instructions of the Beijing Document. With regard to some of the articles of the Beijing Document, this paper tries to evaluate some of the training pamphlets prepared in Iran, reviewing the procedure of these teachings in the country from 2000 to 2004.