جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "آشنایی زدایی" در نشریات گروه "علوم قرآن و حدیث"

Critics consider defamiliarization as one of the methods that distinguishes artistic speech from non-artistic one. This literary technique is realized in various forms in speech. One of the most important forms of defamiliarization technique can be seen in the phenomenon of past and future verses, which is achieved by changing the main structure of the sentence and the deliberate movement of words. The letters of Imam Ali (as) in Nahj al-Balaghah is one of the most beautiful texts that has benefited from the technique of past and future a lot and can be studied and analyzed in the framework of de-familiarization. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this paper tries to examine the different types of past and future used in Nahj al-Balaghah letters, and to analyze the effect that this rhetorical feature has created on meaning. The results of the research show that Imam Ali (AS) by carrying out a purposeful shifting of the position of words and using the linguistic technique of past and future and the method of de-familiarization, portrayed his words in a more eloquent and meaningful way for the audience and by observing good order. Moreover, he has created a specific rhythm and a certain melody that fascinates the audience with its way of expression.

Defamiliarization, which is making unfamiliar and alienating what is familiar, is one of the pillars of the Russian formalism school. This term is one of the pillars of aesthetics and prominence of any literary work. The relationship of defamiliarization with the topic (the problem of words contrary to the requirement of appearance) to express the benefit of the Holy Quran from linguistic possibilities and aesthetic methods of creation is the goal that this research tries to use descriptive-analytical method and by mentioning examples of ten components. the middle of the Holy Qur'an to achieve it. The importance of examining this issue in the Holy Quran is that it makes the prominence and beauty of this divine book, which is approved by everyone, even clearer. Defamiliarization arising from norm-avoidance can be seen in the Holy Qur'an. Most of the existing norm avoidance is related to the problem of words contrary to the requirements of the appearance, especially alfatah and heart, syntactic norm avoidance. This issue has been done in the Holy Quran with the aim of further implying the divine purpose and delighting the audience.

De-familiarization involves ways of presenting ideas that vary from the normal language in order to make distinction, foreground and create beauty in a literary text. Because the Holy Qur’an, as a divine miracle, is full of literary, linguistic and semantic subtleties, studying its different visible and invisible aspects deems necessary. Therefore, the present article tries to provide examples of deviation and parallelism in the ayahs of Surah Qāf using a descriptive-analytical method and by analyzing the ayahs from the perspective of familiarization and foregrounding as a result of which it also aims to explain the tremendous impact of such an attitude on the word of God through coming close to the ayahs' intended meanings and gaining more pleasure in associating with these luminous ayahs, while portraying a part of the beauties and the literary miracle of the Holy Qur’an. The findings suggest that in this surah, the use of deviation techniques such as omission, precedence and delay, iltifāt, metaphor, allusion, etc. to familiarize and foreground the tenors of this surah have meant to exert a greater and more profound influence on the audience. Employing the principles of parallelism that uses repetition and harmony at three phonetic, lexical, and syntactic levels of the ayahs also is in line and proportionate with the general context of this surah, namely alerting and threatening the deniers of the resurrection and proving the question of resurrection and denying its exclusion by the disobedient

One of the arrays of innovative knowledge that makes speech beautiful and captivating with aberrations and grammatical lawlessness is the technique of “Confirmation of something similar to its contradiction’. This article, after studying the explorations of literary men in the history of rhetoric, is going to uncover the mechanism of this figure of speech and the semantic implications of its types. A theoretical exploration of the process of this array reveals that the function of this technique in artistic propositions can be such as emphasis, exaggeration, and sometimes suspension of the impossible and quasi-literary argument. By these achievements, it becomes clear that if an interpreter in the prominent examples of this array in the Qur'an only suffice to the efforts of some scholars, the semantic implications and aesthetic manifestations of the verses will not be revealed and sometimes slip for interpretation. Familiarity with this rhetorical approach sometimes prevents the unreasonable carrying of words over seemingly meaningless ones, and also helps in the integrated interpretation of verses with this literary technique.

The literary style of “Tahakkum” is a technique based on Inversion Structure. Regarding to a critical readout of the history of this linguistic method in rhetoric, the present paper aims to uncover the process, secrets, and attractions of this linguistic technique, in addition to its position in the Badī'. Since some Qur’an scholars have found the knowledge of Badī' as practical only in the aesthetics of the Qur’an and have not seen it in the interpretation, this essay, through practical redefinition of the technique of “Tahakkum” and readout of the verses, based on the descriptive-analytical method, looks to find a reasonable answer to the question of “what are the general usages of this technique for understanding and interpreting the Qur’an?”. It is argued that uncovering the meaning of the text, analyzing the intra-textual and extra-textual incompatibility of the verses, revealing the motive of vocabulary selection, making a meaningful and influential interpretation by rebuilding the signs of the text, preventing the carrying of the vocabulary on far meanings and instances, all are of those functions of recognizing the technique of Tahakkum in the process of explanation of the Qur’anic text.

Apostrophe is an aesthetic technique which can cause defamiliarization in texts, since using thie technique we can change the repetitive structure of the text. Imam Ali, who was a masterful writer, uses this technique to impress the audience. The present paper first gives an account of apostrophe and its links to defamiliarization, and then offers examples of it in the work of Imam Ali. The results show that Imam Ali uses this technique for different purposes admonition, attention, rewarding, generalizing, expanding the application, respecting the speaker etc.

Deviation is one of the common terms in stylistics created as a result of leaving the normal form of language.This phenomenon occursin different layers of language including "phonetics", "syntax", "lexical" and "semantics".The present paper, however, solely examined syntactic deviation, which means leaving the syntactic rules of the standard language. Since "alternation", "tazmin" and "iltifāt" frequently appear in Surah At-Tawba, and contribute to the "literariness" of a literary work, the present descriptive-analytical paper thus triedto examine these three devices. This paper mainly aimedto articulate the aesthetics and objectives of these deviating devices. Findings suggests that syntactic tazmin is more frequent than alternation and iltifāt and its aesthetics, in addition toavoiding repetition, is briefnessof style and inclusiveness of meaning. Furthermore, three types of iltifāt (mo'jami=dictionary meaning, pronouns, and numbers) have been used in this surah, serving intentions such as emphasis, repetition-avoiding, and catching the audience's interest.

defamiliarization one of the important achievements for the school of russian formalism and including all the techniques that the authir uses consciously to reveal the artistic aspects of his work more conspicuously and to exert a great influence on his reders wich led him to present the conseptsin a best and new language to receive the meaning of the text. the 221 sermon is one of the most influential sermons that imam ali attention to defamiliarizate by capturing the structural of sentences. therefore, the analysis of this sermon studying beyond those categorics of refrainment and follows up the aesthetic efiect and the artistic objects related to them. this research is based on a descriptive - analytical method on the semantic and structural defamiliarization to analyze the 221 sermon and has been found that imam ali in the semantic field and in paradimatic axis with the help of metaphor and allusion, and in the syntagmaticaxis using the metonymy and Simile and in the structural axis,using techniques such as delusion, deduction,and removal,has expressedconcepts under consideration  in the most beautiful way using best methods for defamiliarization. the meaning of moving forward and backward in the sermon, In fact,the imam ali by escaping the well-known semantic and syntactic components And by delaying the concepts contained in the sermon, it helps to defamiliarization and consequently the sermon has become prominent and has peaked the power of induction of meanings.

The technique of mushakalah is one of the homonymy-based semantic literary devices of rhetorical embellishment, many prominent examples of which have remained unknown or less known in the Qur’anic explorations. The present descriptive-analytical research, after reviewing the history and recognizing the status of mushakalah in rhetoric and redefining its sub-types, by re-reading the ayahs, seeks novel examples of this device in the Qur’an. Since some Qur’anic scholars have considered badī' (rhetorical embellishment) as practical only in the aesthetics of the Qur’anic text and have not seen it helpful in its interpretation, this study aims to find an answer to the question of “what functions one can conceive for recognizing the technique of mushakalah in the process of understanding and interpreting the text of the Qur’an.” The research findings show that exegetes familiar with this literary device do not consider the apparent signification of the words enough, and are not trapped in interpretative mistakes, but seek to reveal the motives behind the choices of words. In addition, it is shown that another function of mushakalah is the revelation of the ironic tone of the text and presenting an eloquent interpretation on the basis of homonymy.

In the early twentieth century with the advent of a new school of "formalism", there was a huge change in the way of literary criticism. Unlike conventional methods of literary criticism, Formalists put form as the basis of their analysis. They bring up the concept of "defamiliarization" and believe of the text that has innovation is worthy to analysis. The movement also believes in the notion of "intertextuality" emphasized that the artwork exists in relation to previous works. Fadakyeh Khotbeh of Hazrat Zahra (peace be upon her), which has a strong protest against the deviations that arose after the death of the Prophet (peace be upon him) in the religion. because of its variety of novel techniques, this text are worthy.
In this study, we intend to study the aesthetics of this Khotbeh descriptively and analytically based on formalistic criticism. The aim of this study is to manifest sermon literary techniques and their impact on the audience Results show that Hazrat Fatima (peace be upon her) in the form of managed care, has uttered speech by using the form beautifully and effectively .She use the literary devices artful, especially Defamiliarization, forcing the audience to understand her words, to reflect them. She also based on the Quran and the use of intertextual relations, tried to convince the audience that her speech is coincide exactly in accordance with the God's speech. The form and all its literary form factor devices, is fully consistent with the meaning and content.

The main purpose of Defamiliarization that is usually done through highlighting and breaking the norm of speech in discourse is drawing attention of the audiences to the subject.
Defamiliarization disrupts the normal and the expected process of speech.One of the Defamiliarization and high lighting styles of speech is “Apostrophe” (Elefat) that has been used frequently in Nahj-al-Balaghe sermons along with other rhetorical techniques. This makes Imam Alis (AS) sermons more attractive and more effective. In these sermons, the full interaction between thought and speech produce fruitful results and supreme thoughts flow through the selected word, and effective and appropriate style.
The present study tries to investigate in a descriptive- analytic way the application of Apostrophe (Eltefat) through changes in different styles including manipulation of pronouns, persons and numbers. It also attempt to prove the hypothesis that many kinds of Apostrophe (Eltefat) in Nahj-al-Balaghe have been used considering their rhetorical intentions. These Apostrophes influence different levels of speech behaviors through changes in pronouns, persons, verb tenses, syntactic structures and so on.

The present study is an attempt to investigate the first sermon of NahjulBalāgheh in the light of the formalistic criticism. It deals with the issue that the religious meaning and content of the creation sermon should be considered as a foundation، and how much the form and integration have been regarded، and to what amount the literary text has been observed by the author. Ignoring the non-textual questions like the personality and position of the author، social، historical and psychological issues that have no place in formalistic criticism، the writers concentrate only on the text and try to discover the beauties of the mentioned sermon according to the principles of this criticism. Regardless of its content and meaning، the text is entirely integrated and the words، terms، phrases and sentences are in a great harmony، making a wonderful arrangement. Using metaphors and figurative language، concentrating on inspiring sounds، observing the phonetic، syntactic and morphological balance، applying different kinds of literary defamiliarisation، making relation with other texts، all causes the text to own a magnificent superstructure and infrastructure. This leads to the conclusion that the beauty and poetry of the text are not sacrificed for the content and the meaning; rather، they help one another and the language is as important as the content.

Defamiliarization is one of the accomplishments of Russian formalism focusing on the alienation of the norms of language. This process resulted in the creation of attraction and foregrounding is one of its consequences. This article tries to study the holy book from foreignization perspective and reveal the range of the applications of these linguistic and aesthetic techniques by the holy book. The study tries to investigate the cases of deviation in part xxx to compare formalist theory with the language of the Quran and on the basis of the literary interpretations to discover the reflection of its influence in exploring the concept and enjoyment. The holy Quran apples foreignization by deviation and rule creation through the use of linguistic resources and as a result of foregrounding conceptualize- tions has exceeded to the highest level.

Paradoxicality appears to be one of the most interesting topics in aesthetics of written rhetoric. Employing paradox is assumed to be an outstanding approach to poetic defamiliarization which cause the statements to be unfamiliar, striking, and highly effective. With a noticeably high range of paradoxical utterances, Nahj al-Balāgha has attracted the attention of linguists and rhetoricians. Thus, It seems to have the potentials of being explored from literal point of view beside religious one. It is presumed that Imam Ali (PBUH) applied this rhetorical device when he meant to elucidate on the world or provide people with knowledge of God. The main reasons of this choice is likely to be bidimensionality of world as well as impossibility of recognition of God through external senses. Additionally, when taking the form of simile, paradoxical statements may become more obvious and simple to interpret. So, the audiences can discover the beauty of the primary context. In addition to presenting a new categorization of different paradoxicalities, the current study tries to probe and compare sermons, letters and narrations in Nahj al-Balāgha in terms of their paradoxical statement. The linguistically prominent instances of paradoxicalities in Nahj al-Balāgha are also attempted to decode and analyze.