جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "تشکیک وجود" در نشریات گروه "علوم قرآن و حدیث"

What revelation is and how it is revealed are of the important issues that has long drawn the attention of Muslim thinkers. Among these, the semantics and ontology of revelation based on its Qur'anic applications are of great importance. The present paper has tried to answer the question: What are the Qur'anic applications of revelation based on the two axes of collocations and succession  , via using a semantic and philosophical approach and some principles of transcendental wisdom. Are these applications verbal or spiritual? If it is of the spiritual common type, what is the difference between the instances of revelation? In the end, it is concluded that the various applications of revelation in the verses of the Qur'an are conceptually of a common spiritual type and in terms of an example of a skeptical difference. In this regard, the revelation revealed to the Prophet is not conceptually and naturally different from the revelation revealed to non-prophets, including humans and other animals such as bees, but their difference is existential and is of a skeptical difference. Of course, it is worth noting that the revelation revealed to the Prophet is the highest degree of revelation and cannot be considered as inspiration and instinct at the same time.

Suhrawardi, despite the Peripatetics, hold that there is a kind of category, namely, “degrees of intensity”, and he says it is a part of ancient Persian wisdom. From Illuminationist philosophy viewpoint, there are degrees of intensity of lights, which it distinguishes between different kinds of lights. This kind of differentiation is build on the very same criterion that is their criterion for their resemblance. Sadrian “degrees of intensity” have derived from Suhrawardian “degrees of intensity” of lights. Although, Mulla Sadra, following Suhrawardi’s footprints, maintain that “degrees of intensity” in quiddities is possible, but finally, he rejects this theory and hold that “degrees of intensity”, in first place, is attributed to reality. Although philosophical position of these two philosophers about “degrees of intensity” are different and each of them have its own grounds and roots, but they reflect a kind of closeness.

On the nature of God's knowledge of the materials and whether it is by representation or by presence there are two different positions taken in the words of Mulla Sadra. In some words he speaks in a way as if he upheld the view of representational knowledge, his other words however indicate his having adopted the view of knowledge by presence which seems to be his real position in this regard, not in a way Suhrawardi believed, but on the ground of Supreme Being of God who is the Cause of all materials. Again, some principles of Mulla Sadra like that of co-extensiveness of being and knowledge allow him to explain Divine Knowledge in the way of Illuminationist philosophers.