جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « مسلمانان » در نشریات گروه « فلسفه و کلام »

The prevalence of epidemics and how to deal with them is very important in understanding the changes of social history. Islamic societies in the Eastern Mediterranean have a lot in common features geographically, historically and culturally. One of the difficulties of Islamic societies in the Eastern Mediterranean since the beginning of the rise of Islam and during the Muslim conquests and then throughout the Umayyad period was the unexpected outbreak of the plagues and the heavy casualties and the consequences that resulted from them. The results of this study show that the outbreak of the plague known as the Justinian plague in the late antiquity in the two empires of Rome and Iran and its transfer to the Islamic period, faced new problems for Muslims in the conquered lands and had far-reaching consequences for the developments of the first centuries of Islam. In this study by descriptive-analytical method the continuous prevalence of plague in a part of the history and geography of the Islamic world and its reflection in the historiography and intellectual and political issues of Muslims has been investigated.

One of the basic needs of human being is the requirement to communicate with others and ‎since human has deep differences in features like linguistic, ethnic, racial, cultural, social and economic, the only way of healthy communicating is moral ‎tolerance between them. The aim of this study is to evaluate the tolerance and social ethics of ‎Muslims against Zoroastrians in Yazd city. ‎ This study is applied and descriptive-correlation. Statistical population includes ‎all people over 16 years old who are Muslims and residing in Yazd province. Sample study, ‎based on a Cochran formula, includes 384 people. Sampling was based on multistage cluster. Data were gathered by researcher made questionnaire. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation test and one sample t-test. Results showed that moral and political tolerance has significant relationship with social dimension of life satisfaction. Variables of age and gender have no significant relationship with social tolerance. In ethical dimension, people with high class in compare with middle and low classes were significantly more tolerated. ‎ Respondents in terms of social and moral tolerance levels were high. Tolerance and social ‎ethics of solidarity between Muslims and Zoroastrians is increased after which the tolerance ‎of peaceful behaviors between individuals are formed. ‎

Unity of Islamic world is one of the most important issues which have been dealt with in religious sources, especially the Quran. Contrary to unity, separation is a great obstacle to man's perfection. If the obstacles to unity are removed, Islamic society will be able to make real progress towards perfection. No doubt, the Holy Quran is the best, most complete and most reliable source which can contribute to creating an advanced society.Reviewing the available sources and using a descriptive- analytical method, the present paper seeks to identify the mechanisms for promoting unity from the view of the Quran and address the issue by referring to Quranic verses.Holding fast to the Divine cord, taking into consideration the areas of common ground, referring to the Holy Prophet and Infallible Imam's tradition, enjoining good and forbidding evil, observing the rights of others, correcting mutual relations, realizing an economic system based on the Holy Quran and luminous school of the Prophet's Household, unquestioning obedience to the guardian jurist of Islamic law, and avoiding separation are among the findings of this paper.

Iranians advances and achievements in the Qur’anic disciplines of recitation, interpretation and tradition constitute an important part of the cultural Islamic renaissance. The historical survey centered on the geo-scientific centers shows that during the cultural Islamic renaissance, there were at least two major centers, Khorāsān and in Rey, and two minor centers, in Isfahan and in Fars, which were the most important centers of Qur’anic disciplines in Iran in the early centuries of Islam. In the meantime, Khorāsān, which was divided into northern, eastern, western, and central parts, was superior to Rey in training students of Qur’anic disciplines. The present research introduces an account of the quality and number of geo-scientific centers in Iran during the early Islamic centuries, and shows the role and status of Iranians in the cultural Islamic renaissance by studying the role of great Iranian authorities in the fields of recitation, tradition, and interpretation.

Evolutionary theory contains two major ideas: common descent and natural selection. This theory goes back to mid-nineteenth century and Darwin. Some scholars have claimed that this theory had been given by Muslims such as Ikhwan al-Safa, Ibn Miskawayh, and Biruni. Among contemporary scholars who agree with this claim are Ebrahimzadeh, Motahari, and Azkaei. But there are scholars who disagree with this claim, among them are Nasr and Falatouri. Nasr says that those Muslims believed in "the great chain of being." And Falatouri says especifically about Biruni that he believed in some kind of gradual evolution, not a Darwinian one. In this paper we first explain these opinions. Then to clarify what is at stake, evolutionary theory and the great chain of being will be described. Criticisms and suggestions come next. We argue that because evolutinary theory was the result of gradual changes of the great chain of being, there is some truth in the ideas of the first camp. And because the great chain that those Muslims hold was of the type of that of Ibn Sina, there is also some truth in the ideas of the second camp. At last we claim that the great chain of the type that Mulla Sadra maintained is consistent with evolutionary theory.

The dispersed and divergent views of Muslims and their disturbed situation on one hand and the union of the west world against Islam on the other, necessitates Muslims to take advantages of the holy Quran to cure them of the pain and suffering of discord and disunity. Therefore, unity, which means the union of Muslims in choosing one and the same method to achieve the single unified goal to stand against their enemies, is considered as a vital and essential issue from Quran’s viewpoint; being stipulated that discord and disunity will result in nothing but degradation of the Muslims.

Having investigated in the origins of Islamic sects and the narrations of The Holy Prophet (s.a.a.s), we can come to the conclusion that the best way and the firmest point of Islamic unity are Quran and 'Etrat.The present study considering the importance of Islamic unity has worked on the different axes of Islamic unity and the elements which have caused the convergence and divergence of ideas based on the thoughts of "Allamah Sheikh Sharafeddin". The essay includes five chapters: The first chapter accounts for the concept of Quran and it's applicability, 'Etrat, Ahle-Beit (a) and unity. The second chapter discusses the importance and necessity of unity among Muslims (Shiites & Sunnites). Resorting to Quran and 'Etrat are the unification procedures which have been discussed in the third chapter. In chapter four the howness of resorting to Quran and 'Etrat is referred to, and finally in the last chpter the reasons of priority of Ahle-Beit's religious school (i.e., Shiism) have been stipulated

The idea of Zionism was not born out of the blue, but like any other social phenomenon it evolved gradually. The grounds for establishment of Zionism took shape in various parts of the world and before being presented as the usurper Israeli regime, were established as a distinct entity outside Israel. Therefore, it is no surprise that the 1898 Basel conference in Switzerland was sponsored by Zionists led by Herzl and directly gave birth to what we today know as Zionism. After that, the Zionists tried to enforce the decisions made in Basel conference through diplomatic efforts. However, their failure prompted Weizmann to adopt practical methods after death of Herzl such as encouraging Jews to migrate to Palestine and realize a Jewish government there.Of course, lenience shown by Ottoman Turks toward Zionists facilitated their plots. After the First World War and disintegration of the Ottoman Empire, treachery of the Great Britain against the Arabs and its lavish support for Zionism flourished the ominous tree of Zionism and the usurper Israeli regime.The Balfour Declaration announcing British government's consent to establishment of a Jewish government in Palestine founded future policy of that country in Palestine. Afterwards, the League of Nations was established through Versailles Conference. The League of Nations specified protectorate countries and San Remo Conference clarified the list of governments to be in charge of those protectorates. The result was British mandate over Palestine. During its mandate, the Great Britain took various measures to pave the way for the implementation of Balfour Declaration and establishment of the Israeli government. During the Second World War and due to ensuing weakness of the British Empire, it was replaced by the America, which continued to support Zionists in Palestine. By supporting a UN resolution on division of Palestine, the Americans gave carte blanche to Zionists to use force to pave the way for the establishment of a Jewish government in Israel.