جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Sport » در نشریات گروه « فقه و حقوق »

The importance of sports and physical exercise is obvious to all. Hence, the related studies even in other sciences are of great importance. In this paper considering the development of sports and physical training and their importance in today's societies, we are going to study the criminal responsibility in high - risk sports from the point of view of Islamic jurisprudence and legal terms. The main point of this study deals with elimination of liability conditions and criminal responsibilities in these sports; indeed with this discussion the issue in low-risk sports will resolve too. We should notice that the discussion of responsibility and liability of sports mishaps is in its infancy because sports laws are developing their initial stages and have not yet reached their status in countries' legislation. Therefore, the development of juridical and religious discussions can have an influential role in the development of sport-law domains and their freedom.

Sport has long been regarded as one of the most fundamental tools of education in promoting the physical, mental and psychological health of individuals in the community, and has influenced institutions in every country to use it as a tool for public guidance and to help citizens align it. This study is a descriptive-analytical study, based on the nature and method of work, the data of which is gathered through credible scientifically based documents, and by examining and studying the role of Iran's participatory criminal policy in reducing sports offenses and violations, Participatory criminal policy is a criminal policy with the participation of civil society that can control and reduce sport offenses and offenses by involving people as one of the important potentials in society. One of the effective strategies to enhance people's participation and participation is to familiarize the public with the goals and principles of participatory criminal policy on how to reduce sports offenses by engaging with the mass media to eliminate the cultural weakness in the development of participation. Be.

According to the jurisprudential rule "LaZarar", sports that cause significantphysical injury are prohibited; in other hand, exercise is needful for humansociety and injuries are part of it; therefore, we need detailed research on thelimit of authorization and prohibition of sports injuries, so we can promotedoing sports, even high-impact types. It’s forbidden to injury and sheddingsomeone's blood, unjustly; but the jurisprudential principle about the bloodvengeance (Qisas) is to precaution; If there is any doubt about the retaliationof the offender, we should refer to victim (Majni-aliyeh) assent that he hadgiven before the crime and prove that the offender is innocent, then this rightof retaliation is inherited after the victim's death. It is the same for the BloodMoney (Dieh); like the surgical waiver of liability. This right of retaliation isfirst for victim so he/she has possibility to revoke it. The right of receivingthe blood money is also first for the victim, then avenger of blood inherit itafter the victim's death; however, with the victim's assent to crimes, this rightis also revoked. In analyzing this subject, there are two foundations; Analysisof jurisprudential rule and its allocation. Assuming that there are forbiddeninjuries, some of them are excepted from this jurisprudential prohibition,through allocation or not included at all.

The present study was designed and conducted with the aim of identifying and ranking the factors affecting intellectual property in Iranian sports. The present study was applied exploratory in terms of practical purpose, in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of the qualitative section of this study was formed by the elites and experts in the field of sports management and intellectual property, and in the quantitative section, some researchers and inventors in the field of sports were added to the statistical population. The tools of the present study included a researcher-made questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. The content validity of this questionnaire was confirmed by using the opinions of 7 university professors as well as using the validation forms of the content validity index and the relative content validity coefficient. The reliability of this questionnaire was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha calculation with 0.84. The electrode method was used to rank the factors. The whole process of data analysis was performed using Slave Electro Software. The results of the present study showed that 20 factors were identified as factors affecting the improvement of intellectual property in the field of sports. According to the results of the electrode method, it has been determined that the establishment of specialized offices throughout the country to improve intellectual property in sports with a dominance of 19 is the most important factor affecting the improvement of intellectual governance in sports.

Sometimes, there is a lawsuit against the martial arts champion to claim bodily harm inflicted by them.  This injury can be inflicted in the clubs against the training opponent, or in the streets, to attack or defend against an invader as well as in official matches. The main question is civil liability of warriors for harm done to another.

This is a descriptive Study.

Ethical Considerations:

 All ethical considerations as well as authenticity of the texts have been observed.

In countries like the United States, there are many cases in the courts about Struggles leading to injury during sports. In Iranian courts, despite the consent of the participant in the competition or club exercises, this defense sometimes is not accepted and then coaches or warriors are liable to compensate. The present article examines the civil consequences of non – vital hand and foot blows in the streets or at the club during training with competition. It further suggests full insurance coverage of clubs and competitions.

If an athlete inflict a harm to others during the game, if it is unintentional, it does not results in responsibility; but if he intentionally inflict harms to others, according to article 32 of the Civil Liability Act, he will be responsible for compensation .

Since the beginning of the Iranian contemporary legislative period, there is no specific law on sports activities and therefore lawyers have resorted to legal foundations and principles in order to justify the events resulting from sport operations. In 1973, for the first time it was established that events resulting from sport operations are not a crime provided that it is not a violation of the rules related to that exercise. This provision was repeated in the following rules with little modifications. The reason is the social expediency, the victim’s satisfaction, custom and habit and attention to the important position of sport in excellence of ethics and the emphasis of the constitution. The perpetrator is an athlete and sports action means the group of actions taken within the framework of a sport. The main condition for justifying operations is compliance with the rules related to sport specially the regulations of sports faults. The athlete cannot also exploit the law’s permission to harm others. The lack of athlete responsibility is limited to the time of exercise and that the sport should not be contrary to Sharia norms.

Strategies and challenges of criminal law in the face of hooliganism football fans Overall attendance at sporting events is a lot of negative and positive functions. The crowd of spectators at sports hooliganism negative functions that sport is football due to the high volume of audience, provides fertile ground for its development. However, hooliganism spectators sometimes conflict with titles such as criminal, intentional assault and battery, destruction of property corresponded But for some reason the criminal law can deal with hooliganism spectators from all of its capacity So mainly with the development of criminal liability of legal persons (BashgahHa) and the use of excessive fines is trying to deal with this phenomenon.

Nowadays, sport is known as a great business in trade activities and has brought huge revenues for athletes; sport teams and other sport personalities whereas large part of this revenue emanates from intellectual property rights particularly different kinds of trademarks. Regarding fundamental principles and legal approaches of leading systems, this paper attempts to clarify the eminent role of license agreement on marketing of sport trademarks and analyze particular aspects of its function, subject, domain and parties obligations. Also current article considers two important issues in sport trademark license agreements: the first marketing conflict and the other conflict between individual rights of athletes and collective rights of sports clubs and associations. The results of research notify that general and vague approaches of Iranian laws and legal literature in respect of trademark license agreements and The lack of minimum standards concerning important legal aspects of sport law, haven’t required efficiency in solving special problems of such agreement in sport sphere and basic regulating of trade sport license agreement requires taking appropriate measures and solutions of other legal systems.

Nowadays exercise is one of the most important healthy activities among teens and adults.which in some cases of cours it may lead to danger for the athlets. Because getting injured in matches and athletic activities,is something natural and unavoidable. By the way there are some theorys showing the althlets do accept these injuries. But in law, with considering the acception of the athlet, responsibilities are mantioned for the criminal responsible player.