جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « زنان » در نشریات گروه « روانشناسی »

This study aimed to predict marital satisfaction based on conscientiousness, marital empathy, and marital forgiveness in married women. This research was basic, and regarding the procedure, it was a descriptive-correlation study. The statistical population of the present study was all the married women of Lorestan province in the spring of 2023, from whom 840 people were selected as a sample by available sampling. Research tools included: Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale (EMS, Olson et al., 1987), NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI, Costa & McCrae, 1992), Marital Empathy Scale (MES, Jolliffe & Farrington, 2006), and Marital Offence-Specific Forgiveness Scale (MOFS, Paleari et al., 2009). Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation test and multiple regression. The research results showed that there is a significant correlation between marital satisfaction with conscientiousness, marital empathy, and marital forgiveness (p<0.01). Additionally, the regression analysis outcomes indicated that 38.1% of the variance in marital satisfaction can be explained by predictor variables, wherein forgiveness emerges as the strongest predictor variable, followed by empathy and then conscientiousness (p<0.001). It can be concluded that conscientiousness, marital empathy, and marital forgiveness play a key role in women's marital satisfaction, and it is necessary to pay attention to these factors in interaction with each other in intervention programs designed to increase women's marital satisfaction.

The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of compassion-focused therapy in addressing the psychological and marital issues of women who have a veteran spouse. The research was conducted using an exploratory mixed-methodsapproach and encompassed both qualitative and quantitative phases. In 2020, the statistical population of the survey encompassed all women with veteran spouses residing in the 13th and 14th districts of Tehran. In the qualitative stage, purposive sampling was employed to select and interview 19 women with veteran spouses who were referred to the District 13 Municipal Health Center. The data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The identification of seven themes (anxiety, depression, fatigue and disability, irritability and aggression, loneliness, life dissatisfaction, and marital conflict) was the result of this analysis in the psychological-marital dimensions. Based on these components, a questionnaire was developed to assess the psychological and marital issues of women who have a veteran spouse. The data analysis in the experimental section was performed using the Bonferroni post hoc test and repeated measures analysis of variance in SPSS software version 22. The findings indicated that women who have spouses who are veterans encounter challenges in the areas of psychological, marital, physical, social, and economic well-being.Desirable psychometric properties were observed in the psychological-marital issues of women who completed a veteran spouse questionnaire. Also, compassion-focused therapy was effective in all psychological-marital aspects of the issues faced by women with a veteran spouse, resulting in a decrease in problematic behaviors. In the future, clinicians and researchers can investigate and mitigate the psychological-marital issues of women with a veteran spouse during counseling and psychotherapy sessions by implementing the combined study method, developing tools, and choosing the most suitable treatment.

This research was conducted to model marital agreement based on the initial Maladaptive schemas with the mediation of marriage styles in women. The descriptive-correlational research method was structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the present study was made up of married women in the first quarter of 2022, in districts 2, 7, and 11 of Tehran, from which 300 people were selected as the sample of the study using targeted sampling. In this research, marital agreement instruments )RDAS( (Busby et al., 1995), Yang's schema (YSQ-SF) (Young, 1994), and researcher-made questionnaires of marriage styles were used. To analyze the data, structural equation modeling was used. The findings of the research showed that the model is a good fit. The results showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between the domains of primary maladaptive schemas and marital agreement (P<0.01). Also, marriage styles can mediate the relationship between initially incompatible schemas and marital agreement (P<0.01). According to these findings, it can be concluded that since marriage is considered one of the most important decisions in life, it is possible to focus on the initial Maladaptive schemas and pre-marriage education on marital agreement and improve marriage styles. And the continuation of the relationship between the couple increased the quality of the couple's relationship.

The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of group schema therapy on emotional commitment and sexual self-efficacy in women with emotional divorce. The method of this research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and with a control group and a 3-month follow-up period. The statistical population included women with emotional divorce who were referred to the psychological clinic of Rasht City in 2023, among whom 30 qualified volunteers were selected by purposive sampling and randomly placed in two groups of 15 people. Both groups completed emotional commitment questionnaires (ECQ) by Epstein & et al (1983) and sexual self-efficacy (SSEQ) by Vaziri & Lotfi Kashani (2013). The experimental group underwent the group schema therapy program for 10 sessions (60 minutes each session). The data were analyzed using the method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements and Bonferroni's post hoc test. The results showed that group schema therapy intervention significantly increased emotional commitment and sexual self-efficacy in the experimental group (P<0.001) and this result was sustained until the follow-up stage. Therefore, using schema therapy content and instructions will be effective in increasing the emotional commitment and sexual self-efficacy of women with emotional divorce.

The present research aimed to compare the effectiveness of counseling based on Glasser's Choice Theory and Frankl's logotherapy on the life satisfaction of women facing divorce. The present research method was the type of quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design and a control group. The statistical population of this research included women facing divorce who were referred to the family court, dispute resolution council, and family counseling centers in Tabriz in 2022. The purposive sampling method selected 60 qualified volunteers of this population and randomly assigned them into two experimental and a control group (20 people in each group). A research questionnaire was the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) (Diener et al, 1985). The analysis method of this research was the analysis of covariance and Bonferroni's test. The findings showed that by controlling the effect of the pre-test, there was a significant difference at level 0/05, between the average score of life satisfaction in two experimental and control groups; but no significant difference was demonstrated between the two interventions in this variable. Therefore, reality therapy and logotherapy have been effective in increasing the life satisfaction of women facing divorce, and counselors and therapists may use this treatment to improve the aforementioned variable in women facing divorce.

The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of compassion-based therapy on psychological well-being and quality of life in women with substance abuse spouses. The present study was a semi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test and a control group. The statistical population of the present study included all women with addicted spouses who were referred to addiction treatment centers in Tehran in 1400 Among them, 30 people (15 people in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group) were selected by the available sampling method and randomly in two The experimental and control groups were placed. To collect data, the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (SF-36, World Health Organization, 1996) and Ryff's psychological well-being Scale)RSPWB-SF, Ryff, 1989) were used. Multivariate covariance analysis was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that by controlling the effect of the pre-test, there is a significant difference between the average psychological well-being and the quality of life of women with drug-abusing husbands in the two experimental and control groups at the level of 0.05. Compassion-based therapy training can be a useful tool in improving psychological well-being and quality of life in women with drug-abusing spouses.

The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of mutual behavior analysis and narrative therapy on interpersonal forgiveness of women affected by marital contract breaking. The present research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a follow-up of 2 months. The statistical population of the present study was made up of all the women affected by the breach of marital contract from their husbands who were referred to the counseling centers located in the 4th district of Tehran in 2022. 45 people were selected purposefully and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The instrument of this research was Ehteshamzadeh et al's Interpersonal Forgiveness Inventory (IFI, 2011), Berne's transactional analysis intervention (1958), and White and Epston's (1990) narrative therapy protocol was implemented in 8 sessions of 120 minutes twice a week for the first and second experimental groups. The data were analyzed using mixed analysis of variance. The results of repeated variance analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the groups in the post-test and follow-up of interpersonal forgiveness (P<0.05), the treatment of mutual behavior analysis was significantly more effective than the spouses' interpersonal forgiveness compared to narrative therapy (P<0/05) and both treatments had lasting effects in the follow-up period (P<0.05). Therefore, there is a significant difference between the two treatments of mutual behavior analysis and narrative therapy, and behavior analysis treatment was more effective.

The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of transdiagnostic treatment on pain self-efficacy and clinical symptoms in women with migraine. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a two-month follow-up. The statistical population of the study included all women with migraine who were referred to the headache clinic of Shahrekord Hospital in 2022, from which 30 people were selected using the purposeful sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups (15 people in the experimental group and 15 people were placed in the control group). Measurement tools included Nicholas's Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ, 1990) and Derogatis & Melisaratos's Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI, 1983). The experimental group was subjected to an intervention based on Barlow et al's met diagnostic therapy (2011) during eight 90-minute sessions and once a week. Analysis of variance with repeated measurements was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the groups in the post-test and follow-up of pain self-efficacy and clinical symptoms (P<0.05), and the extra diagnostic treatment had a lasting effect in the follow-up period (P<0.05). As a result, transdiagnostic treatment can be used as an effective treatment to increase pain self-efficacy and reduce the clinical symptoms of women with migraine.

Marriage at a young age, especially when a person has not yet reached the necessary psychological and social maturity, can cause serious harm to the individual, family, and even society.

The aim of determining the factors affecting early marriage and its health consequences in women under 18 in Migrant City.

The research design was mixed method, including a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study and then a qualitative study that was conducted on migrant women under 18. The sampling method was a census. In the cross-sectional study, 133 women and in the qualitative study, 36 women were studied. The data collection tool in the cross-sectional study was a researcher-made questionnaire and in the qualitative study was interview. In the cross-sectional study, the Chi-square test and in the qualitative study, content analysis was used.

The results showed that the marriage age of most women was 13 to 14 years old. It has been reported that the age of women's first menstruation was 12 years old (28.6%). There was a statistically significant relationship between mother's occupation, father's occupation, parents' monthly income and the age of first menstruation with the age of marriage. A qualitative study about the problems of early marriage included four main themes: physical problems, mental-psychological problems, developmental and developmental problems, and social problems following early marriage.

The results of this research provide a more detailed insight into the phenomenon of child marriage and can be used for interventions related to early marriage, especially in the growing immigrant population.

The covid-19 disease has caused death shock all over the world. The consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic can lead to complex and long-term bereavement in a large number of people. In previous studies, the lived experience of bereavement in the context of the family has been less studied; especially regarding the identification of factors related to bereavement in the bereavement in covid-19 mourners, there is a research gap.

The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the factors related to bereavement in the mourners of Covid-19.

This study was conducted with a qualitative approach and using the phenomenological method. The statistical population of the research included all women living in Tehran who had lost one of their first-degree relatives (including sisters, brothers, parents or spouses) due to the disease of Covid-19. During this study, using purposeful sampling, 25 women were subjected to semi-structured in-depth interviews from May 2021 to October 2022. The conducted interviews were also analyzed in six stages using the thematic analysis method of Brown and Clark (2006).

The data analysis of this research led to the identification of 236 primary codes, 22 secondary themes, 22 main themes and 6 Canopy themes (Incomplete bereavement, coping strategies, multifaceted grief, attachment style, identity change and the meaning of death).

The results obtained from the present study showed that the factors related to bereavement in covid-19 mourners are different from normal bereavements, Therefore, it is suggested that psychologists specializing in bereavement use the themes identified in the present study to develop treatment protocols related to the treatment of bereavement in women

The aim of the current study is to examine the role of spiritual-religious health in reducing stress and enhancing spiritual and psychological health among Iranian women during the COVID-19 pandemic. 

Methods and Materials: 

This descriptive research included a sample of 384 Iranian women. After providing their consent, participants completed the research questionnaires on Google Forms, which included George's Religious Health Questionnaire, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). 

The research results, analyzed using AMOS24 software, indicate a relationship between the level of spiritual-religious health and religious beliefs and stress in women during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was confirmed due to the significance level being less than (P<0.05), and the use of spiritual-religious beliefs could explain and predict 40.3% of the stress in women. Additionally, the use of spiritual-religious health tools and religious beliefs and general psychological health in women was confirmed due to the significance level (P<0.05). The use of religious beliefs also explained and predicted 35.5% of the variance in women's general health during the COVID-19 pandemic. 

The COVID-19 pandemic threatens the lives of millions of people worldwide. Religious beliefs have had a significant impact on reducing stress and anxiety and increasing general psychological health in Iranian women. The study results place a heavy responsibility on specialists in this field, especially in the Muslim country of Iran, to promote spiritual-religious aspects and change the lifestyle of women to make significant strides in women's health.

After breaking the glass ceiling and being placed in leadership positions, women face a phenomenon called the glass cliff, which is caused by the intersection of structural and psychological-social factors. This phenomenon causes a shaky and insecure management for them.  The aim of this research was to identify the factors, components and indicators of women's job tenure at managerial levels and accordingly to present a conceptual model.

The statistical population of the research included all those who were experts in the field of management and women, and using targeted and information-oriented sampling method, 12 people were selected as participants. In this research, in order to identify the factors of women's job tenure in managerial levels, in addition to document study and research background, fuzzy Delphi technique has been used to refine the factors and indicators. The survey was conducted in three stages and the results of each stage were refined using triangular fuzzy formulas.

The results showed that the most important factors of women's job tenure at managerial levels are: evaluating and monitoring the performance of managers regardless of gender, equality in the distribution of rewards and results, access to information resources of the organization, delegation of power to women, equal commitment of men and women. Relative to the family and the ability to respond to job demands. The career stability model of female managers was designed with 9 factors and 27 indicators in three structural-organizational, behavioral-psychological, and cultural-social dimensions, which is presented as a proposed model for women's career stability at managerial levels. In this way, while analyzing the current situation, organizations can present the necessary plans and measures for systematization and continuous movement within the framework of gender equality, organizational structure in order to improve organizational communication, the development of women's individual capabilities, and gender equality 

In general, the results of this research showed that the job tenure of female managers is made up of interwoven factors, which seems that reducing the focus on gender can be a compatible ideology in line with the job tenure of women in management levels.

Measuring variables related to mental health is a complex matter, especially in the context of cultural differences. The main purpose of this study was to construct and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persistent Depression Vulnerability Scale in women. This study was a validation method and the statistical population included married women aged 21-50 years in Tabriz in 2021. From this population, a sample of 380 people was selected by purposive sampling method and answered on a scale of psychosocial vulnerability to persistent depression,which it was based on a three-factor model based on the underlying theory of qualitative research and scale Depression Beck.The results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the three-factor model for the above questionnaire and considering the sum of the calculated fit indices, the suitability of the factor model was confirmed. The reliability of the questionnaire by Cronbach's alpha method for the component of undesirable individual and interpersonal action was 0.928, the component of the history of traumatic psychological experiences was 0.82, the component of dealing with non-psychological problems was 0.69 and for the whole scale was 0.94. It was found that the reliability of the questionnaire is desirable. The convergence validity of the questionnaire was also desirable.Based on the results, this scale has sufficient reliability and validity to assess vulnerability to persistent depression in Iranian women.

The present research was conducted with the purpose of investigating the relationship between the Iranian-Islamic lifestyle and the relationship pattern with the quality of married life.

In terms of purpose, the present research is part of applied research, in terms of the nature of data, it is part of quantitative research, and in terms of descriptive collection method, it is of correlation type. The statistical population of the research included all married women working in culture in Nahavand city in 1402-1403 in the number of 682 people, 248 people were selected by systematic random sampling using Morgan's table. The research tools included Christensen and Salawi couple's communication patterns questionnaire(1984), Busby et al.'s marital quality scale (1995), Kaviani's Islamic lifestyle questionnaire(2013), and Christensen and Salawi's couple communication patterns questionnaire(1984). The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis.

The Pearson correlation results showed a positive and significant relationship between the quality of married life and Islamic lifestyle(r=0.799),and the mutually constructive relationship(r=0.232)and between the quality of married life and the relationship between expectation/aside. Acceptance(r=-248) and mutual avoidance(r=0.110)have a negative and significant relationship (p/>01).Also, multiple regression showed that Islamic lifestyle variables predict0.74%, 0.24% mutual constructive relationship, 0.22% negative expectation/withdrawal relationship and0.11%negative mutual avoidance relationship predict marital life quality.

From these findings, it can be concluded that working married women who choose the Islamic lifestyle and use constructive patterns of communication in their marital relationships will achieve a higher level of quality of life in their married life.

Body dysmorphic disorder is the most common disorder among women with breast cancer. In addition to causing problems for these patients, it has created challenges for their families and those around them. Research has shown that treatment based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) can be effective in the field of this disorder. Therefore, research targeting this topic has received less attention.

The present research aimed to assess the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on body image distortion in women with breast cancer.

The present study is a quasi-experimental research with a pre & post -post-test-followup design with the control group. The statistical population of the research was women aged 30 to 50 years old with breast cancer, who had been referred to breast cancer clinics in Shiraz during the first four months of 2022. Among them, 50 people were assigned with available sampling methods in two groups, the experimental and control group (25 patients in each group). ACT treatment interventions according to the training package of Hayes and Strossahl (2010) were performed on the experimental group during 8 weekly 90-minute group sessions, but no intervention was received by the control group.data were collected using the standard questionnaire for metacognition assessment of body deformity (Rabiei, Salahian, Bahrami, and Palahang, 2011). The data of this research were analyzed by the statistical method of analysis of variance with repeated measurement in SPSS software V24.

The findings showed that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment therapy significantly affected breast cancer women with body dysmorphic disorder in the experimental group (P< 0.05).

According to the findings of this research, it can be concluded that acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) interventions have been effective in improving the quality of life of women with breast cancer.

 Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the chronic illness that, due to its multiple and stable physical and mental dimensions, has major and continuous consequences on a wide range of aspects of the individual and social life of the patient. This illness has a female face based on its widespread prevalence among women and also the specific effects it has on women. Nevertheless, in domestic studies, the experience of women with this illness has been less considered, and the few studies that have been conducted are often based on a clinical-medical and quantitative approach. Accordingly, in this article, an attempt is made to study the experience of women with Multiple sclerosis in the social context of Iranian society. According to the main goal of this study, a feminist phenomenological approach has been adopted. Semi-structured interview was conducted with 25 women suffering from this illness who were selected using the purposeful sampling method and Criterion sampling strategy and the interviews were analyzed based on the procedure suggested by Moustakas.  Based on the narratives expressed in the interviews, the studied women's experience of Multiple sclerosis illness was formulated in the themes of living in suspension, shame of powerlessness, sexual inactivity, maternity risk and spousal apprehension. "Life in suspense" means that the women participating in this study, in describing and expressing their experience of MS illness, have mentioned the sense of uncertainty and not having a clear and reliable image of the future. "Shame of powerlessness" refers to the fact that the fatigue and disability caused by MS goes beyond the physical dimension, and women with MS feel a kind of shame due to their inability to perform daily activities. "Sexual inactivity" indicates that uncertainty and disability in MS affect the patient's most private activities, especially sexual performance, in such a way that it leads to a change in the research participants' self-perception and endangering personal relationships with their wives. The forth theme is “Risky motherhood”. In such a situation, "motherhood" in women with MS becomes a "risky" issue for both the patient and the child at various fetal stages and thereafter in terms of meeting the child's care needs. Finally, the theme of "marriage anxiety" that refers to research participant concerns about the continuity of married life, worry about the husband's lack of understanding of the patient's situation and etc. Such conditions make marriage and playing the role of a wife a problematic situation for women with MS.  According to the extracted themes, the experience of female participants in this research was conceptualized under the main theme of "identity anxiety" that refers to the experience of anxiety and worry about unfulfilled gender identity. This experience and understanding of MS, is a result of the intersection of the experience of chronic illness with gender, the body, and the social context in which a woman's identity is closely tied to pre-defined expectations and roles such as sexual attractiveness, marriage, homemaking, wifehood, motherhood, etc.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between spousal abuse and generalized anxiety in women referring to the social emergency department of Tehran in 2023. 

Methods and Materials:

 The research method was descriptive-survey. The statistical population of this study included women referring to the social emergency department of Tehran, approximately 6,000 individuals according to the latest statistics from Tehran's emergency departments. A proportional stratified sampling method was used, and the distribution of the questionnaires and data collection were conducted randomly among them. The Cochran formula was used to estimate the sample size, resulting in 380 participants in our statistical sample. The research instruments for data collection were the Spouse Abuse Questionnaire (Hudson & McIntosh, 1981) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (Antony et al., 2002), both of which were validated for reliability and validity before implementation. 

The findings of the study indicate a significant positive relationship between the components of spousal abuse and the level of anxiety in women. Regression results showed that spousal abuse (non-physical and physical abuse) explains 14% of the variance in women's generalized anxiety levels. 

The results of this study indicate that spousal abuse plays a significant role in the development and exacerbation of generalized anxiety in women. These findings can assist in planning preventive and intervention strategies to reduce spousal abuse and generalized anxiety.

The present study aimed to develop a causal model of marital instability based on dark personality and ego strength with the mediation of empathy in married women. The design of the current research was descriptive-correlation and structural path analysis methods. The statistical population of this research was all married women who were referred to the health centers of 22 districts of Tehran in the period of August to November of 2022, and 430 people were selected as the sample size using the available sampling method. To collect data, Edwards et al.'s marital instability questionnaires (MLL, 1987), Johnson and Webster's dark personality (DTDDS, 2010), Markstrom et al.'s (PIES, 1997) ego competence, and Jolliffe and Farrington's (MES, 2006) marital empathy questionnaires were used. Pearson's correlation coefficient and path analysis were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the total path coefficient was only between narcissistic personality and marital instability (p<0.05). Positive and the total path coefficient between ego empowerment and empathy (p<0.05) was negative and significant. Also, the indirect path coefficient between narcissistic personality and ego empowerment with marital instability through marital empathy (p<0.05) was negative and significant. Also, the causal model of marital instability based on dark personality and ego strength with the mediation of empathy and in married women had a favorable fit. Their internal psychology improved the stability of the marriage.

Sexual dysfunction is often accompanied by emotional imbalance, diminished psychological and sexual
self-esteem. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of compassion-based psychotherapy on
self-awareness and sexual self-esteem of women with sexual dysfunction symptoms. A semi-
experimental research design with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up measurements was employed. The
study population consisted of married women with sexual dysfunction who sought counseling in the
family counselling centers in Tehran between January 2023 to April 2023.
The research sample included 30 women with sexual dysfunction who were purposefully selected based
on inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly assigned to two groups: experimental(15 participants)
and control (15 participants). Data were collected using the Female Sexual Function Index, the short form of the Sexual Self-Esteem Scale, and the Self-Compassion Scale. The experimental group received 12 sessions of 90-minute
compassion-based psychotherapy, while the control group did not receive any treatment. Data were
analyzed using SPSS 24 software through repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post-
hoc test. The results of repeated measures analysis of variance revealed significant differences between
post-test and follow-up measurements of the experimental and control groups in sexual self-esteem and
self-awareness scores (p ≤ 0.001). The therapeutic effects were maintained during the 3-month follow-
up. Based on the findings, compassion-based psychotherapy was found to be effective in enhancing self-
awareness and sexual self-esteem of women with sexual dysfunction symptoms. Therefore, further
research is recommended to explore the efficacy of this approach and compare it with other evidence-
based treatments in larger samples.