جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « مطالعه کیفی » در نشریات گروه « روانشناسی »

This study was conducted to discover the challenges of therapeutic communication in family therapy interventions. The research method was a qualitative method and phenomenological approach. The field of research was formed by all therapists in the field of family therapy in Tehran province with at least 5 years of work experience in 2022-2023.15 participants were selected by invitation through a purposive sampling. Sampling continued until data saturation A semi-structured interview was used to collect data. Data analysis was done based on the theme-analysis method of Brown and Clark (2019). The analysis of the results led to the production of 1 main theme, 3 sub-themes, and 7 initial concepts. The main theme was "weakness in managing system dynamics". The first sub-theme was "weakness in implementing the systemic view of the family therapist" with basic concepts (weakness of training, weakness of supervision, and neglect of one's treatment). The second sub-theme "insufficient family-therapist skill in maintaining balanced interactions in family meetings" included basic concepts (skill not to ignore all members in the meeting and gender mismatch with the therapist). The third sub-theme was "Insufficient skill of the family therapist in managing the tension of family meetings" along with the primary concepts (weak emotional control skills and less willingness to hold family meetings). The results show that the insufficient skill of the family therapist in managing complex and hidden dynamics in interaction with the family system is a challenge in therapeutic communication. Based on this, the need for educational and practical foundations in the field of communication in family therapy interventions is highlighted.

 One of the variables that can help reduce the problems of teenagers and increase adaptation in this sensitive period is resilience. Resilience means the ability to recover from negative emotional experiences and adapt flexibly to stressful experiences.. The current research was conducted with the aim of phenomenology of the lived experiences of resilient students and developing a model of resilience education for students based on these experiences. The research method was qualitative with three-way method. For this purpose, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 11 female students of Shahreza city who were diagnosed as resilient based on the Connor and Davidson questionnaire Utilizing MAXQDA 2020, the data were analyzed using the Colaizzi method Then, based on the content obtained from the lived experiences of resilient students, the model of resilience education was compiled based on the content analysis of books, dissertations and valid articles until 2022. In the last stage, the developed protocol was validated under the supervision of experts. Sampling started purposefully. In all three stages, the saturation criterion was used for the sample size. Information related to the components related to the lived experiences of resilient students was obtained in 3 main concepts of spiritual orientation, attitudinal, behavioral factors,,pshycological capital and conflict resolution model. The resilience training model of students based on lived experiences also contains 8 categories of awareness and psychological training, Activation based on mindfulness and values, improvement of self-efficacy, cognitive flexibility, problem-solving, emotional efficiency, interpersonal efficiency, and self-care. The obtained model was validated and reliable using psychometric indices. The results indicated the validity and reliability of the intended model. The model of resilience compiled with the three-way method can be used to formulate interventions to increase students' resilience, along with other existing educational models.

The aim of the present study was to develop an academic self-confidence training protocol for students with special learning disabilities. The research method was comparative content analysis. Sampling was started in a purposeful way and written sources with the topic of self-confidence were used. Then, the content of books and articles was analyzed in terms of components related to academic self-confidence. In this study, educational components were first extracted, then they were classified in the form of basic content, main component and secondary component. The academic self-confidence educational package is based on 6 comprehensive themes including: academic vitality (with themes that create motivation and academic involvement), academic self-efficacy (with themes that create a sense of competence and self-confidence), self-regulation (with themes that create self-awareness), self-monitoring, purposefulness, self-management and the use of effective learning strategies), scientific thinking (with the themes of critical thinking, creative thinking and cognitive flexibility), executive skills (with the themes of planning and organization, attention control and concentration, problem solving, and resilience) were formulated with the constructive themes of stress management, emotion management, adaptation and positive interactions and self-care. The educational self-confidence training model obtained can be used in the formulation of the intervention for the education of students with specific learning disorders, along with other existing interventions.

Infidelity is one of the most impactful events in the life of couples. Thus, the purpose of this study is identifying the predictors of infidelity among women who were unfaithful themselves or were victims of infidelity. This research was qualitative and used foundational data and its statistical population included married women who had experienced emotional and/or sexual infidelity. The sampling was purposeful and to achieve this, places such as counseling centers, family courts, and radio and television were used. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews to the point of saturation and were analyzed using Strauss selective coding method and in an open and axial manner. Thus, 15 victims and 12 perpetrators were interviewed. The results indicated the existence of individual, relational and contextual factors. Victims considered the unmet needs of their husbands, life problems and the existence of underlying conditions to be effective. Among perpetrators, a sense of being seen and the existence of underlying conditions were identified as two main categories in the occurrence of infidelity. Given the consequences of infidelity, it seems paramount to take the necessary measures to prevent its occurrence, by studying the underlying factors.

The aim of the current research is to understand the lived experience of nurses in the corona ward and to determine the strategies they use when facing burnout. The population of this research includes nurses from the corona department of hospitals affiliated to Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. The present qualitative research was conducted in the first half of 1401. The research sample was selected by non-random sampling method (purposive sampling) and after identifying nurses with moderate to high burnout, 10 people were finally selected according to the saturation of opinions. First, through semi-structured interviews, the data about nurses' experiences were collected. Job burnout and coping strategies were collected and converted into textual data after recording each interview. These data were analyzed with Claysey's seven-stage content analysis method. In the open coding stage, 46 codes were extracted, which were reduced to 15 codes in the axial coding stage. Finally, 4 main themes include strategies based on on the family, including the sub-themes of emotional support of the family, emotional support of friends and social groups, and accepting help from the family, individual-based strategies, including creating a positive attitude, work-life balance, healthy sports and recreation, changing majors and departments, empowerment and collaborative experiences and referring to psychologists and psychiatrists, spirituality-based strategies including faith and heart belief and values governing the profession and organization-based strategies including instrumental support, reducing work density, providing preventive and therapeutic counseling services, paying attention to Welfare facilities and encouragement of employees were identified. Nurses' strategies are different when facing burnout. Emotional support from close family plays an important role in controlling job burnout components and they are a strong source of support in critical situations. Individual strategies of nurses are highly effective in controlling stressful factors caused by job burnout. Strategies based on spirituality by targeting nursing actions can make it easier for nurses to bear problems, and strategies based on organization are also effective in reducing job burnout by motivating nurses. Coping strategies identified as effective strategies can be effective in the process of adapting nurses to the consequences of job burnout and improving the quality of their lives.

The present research was purposed to qualitatively study the female youths and adolescent’s attitude who were adherent to South Korean entertainment industry products. The statistical population subsumed the female youths and adolescents who were adherent to South Korean entertainment industry products in Tehran city. The sample until reaching theoretical saturation encompassed eleven female adolescents and youths aged 13 to 22 whom were selected via purposive sampling procedure. The research method was qualitative of contractual content analysis type and semi-structured interviews were used. The results of the research revealed that new media have become the cause of changes in identity building institutions and the media have changed the meaning-making factors of identity. The influence of the media in the formation of the identity and attitude of female youths and adolescents is significant in relation to the way their identity is influenced by the South Korean entertainment industry. Also, during exploratory interviews with the participants, 5 main themes and 24 sub-themes were extracted. The extracted themes included distance from the Iranian self and identity, critical attitude about the cultural, social, economic, and gender situation in Iran, idealism, imitation and feeling close to South Korean entertainment industry artists, lifestyle change, and group identity formation. The findings of this study could provide useful information to media policymakers, mental health professionals, and sociologists to be effective in forming the identity and attitude of young Iranian females.

The purpose of this research was to explain the sociological factors affecting family violence with a grounded theory approach. The current research method has studied the factors and consequences of violence against women in the family with a qualitative approach and using grounded theory. In order to collect information and select the participants, the purposeful sampling method was used and with the progress of the study, the sampling of desirable cases was done until reaching the theoretical saturation with 21 women who have been subjected to violence who have referred to the social emergency center of Nahavand city, a semi-structured interview. The finding was carried out. After analyzing and reviewing the content of the interviews, 202 primary concepts were open-coded and 20 major categories and finally one central or core category were extracted in the axial coding. The results of this research show that factors such as husband's addiction, personality problems and disorders, forced and early marriage, patriarchal attitude in the family, lack of family support, lack of socialization and social education, and unfavorable economic conditions are among the major and effective factors in increasing and the occurrence of violence against women in the family are considerable. According to the results and findings obtained from this qualitative research, holding workshops, life skills sessions and pre-marital counseling to increase the awareness and recognition of couples and dealing with each other, especially early in life, in order to deal with and reduce the phenomenon of violence. It is suggested against women.

Adolescence is one of the most vulnerable developmental periods.

This research aims to explain the general structure of the phenomenon of domestic violence during the covid-19 pandemic in the context of the family, to understand and understand the lived experience of adolescents in the covid-19 epidemic.

This research was conducted using a qualitative phenomenological method. The research community was made up of adolescents who were victims of domestic violence who referred to the counseling center located in Ahvaz city from 1399 to 1400. The data were collected by in-depth semi-structured interview and analyzed by Collaizi's method.

Data analysis led to the formation of 4 main themes and 10 sub-themes. The main themes are "aggravating factors of domestic violence", "experienced forms of violence", "damages caused by domestic violence" and finally "Adolescents' reaction to violence". The results showed that the restrictions caused by Corona's imprisonment, non-attendance of education were factors that aggravated domestic violence in these era.The forms of violence experienced by the participants were verbal and physical. Raiding, scolding, teasing, humiliating, threatening, yelling were among the most frequent verbal violence experienced by adolescents. All the participants in this research experienced verbal violence and almost 40% of them experienced physical violence. Violence in all its forms has led to the physical and mental vulnerability of adolescents.

Among the most important coping strategies used by the participants, we can refer to: taking refuge in religion and spirituality, seeking help from experts and looking for new hobbies.Extended AbstractIntroductionCrises and catastrophic events, including epidemics, have always been accompanied by an increase in interpersonal violence. In a situation where families are in quarantine and the economic crisis increases family stress, teenagers are more vulnerable to violence than ever .Experiences of violence during adolescence can have long-term harmful effects in adolescence and can have negative intergenerational effects, which emphasizes the need for special knowledge of adolescents about the epidemic .This research was conducted to answer the question of how teenagers experienced violence during the stressful time of the pandemic.MethodologyThis research is a type of qualitative study that was done by phenomenological method. The statistical population of this research was selected from all adolescents who experienced violence during this period. A total of 10 participant aged between 10 and 22 were interviewed. The samples were analyzed as deeply as possible through semi-structured interviews, and their interviews were analyzed using the seven-step Collaizi method, and concepts and codes were extracted.Results and discussionThe demographic characteristics of the samples are shown in the following table:table 1: demographic characteristics of the samplesAccording to the participants' experience, the findings of this research have provided a clear understanding of the aggravating factors of violence during the pandemic.The participants considered the closing of schools and the new and challenging experience of non-attendance education as one of the important factors that aggravate violence. The participants considered the most violence related to online education to be lack of concentration, boredom, lack of competition, loss of motivation to learn, lack of control over the use of phones and pornographic sites. Another factor aggravating violence that was extracted from the participants' data was related to house arrest due to the spread of Covid-19. The long-term presence of family members at home, the elimination of family and friendly entertainments and gatherings, becoming more sensitive to deficiencies and minor assaults, have greatly increased the level of aggression.LimitationsThe samples were from one city (Ahvaz) and maybe the results cannot be generalized to all adolescents of Iranian . Another limitation is related to the subject of the research, that due to the sensitivity of the issue of violence and shame caused by committing violence or being a victim of violence, more time was spent to build trust, this issue was more severe for sexual violence.AcknowledgementsI thank all the teenagers who shared their experiences.FundingThis research was related to the doctoral thesis and was carried out at personal expense. No financial aid was received in this regard.Ethics approval and consent to participateParticipants gave informed consent to participate in this research. Regarding the secrecy and confidentiality of the participants' information, they were assured at all stages of the research.Conflict interestsAccording to the authors, this article has no conflict of interest.

The wives of martyrs have experienced the absence of their loved ones. Therefore, the present study aimed to by A Study of lived experience wives of the martyrs who defended the shrine.

The research method was qualitative descriptive phenomenology. The participants were selected among wives of martyrs defending the shrine of Tehran province in 2021 by purposeful sampling method. The research tools included semi-structured interviews from 15 participants and the data were analyzed by Colaizzi's content analysis method.

Eight main themes including; “Psychological reactions to the martyrdom of the wife”, “concerns, sufferings” and “unresolved regrets after the martyrdom of the spouse”, “the interaction of the problem of continuous medication with the wife's family”, “rejection and social isolation of the self-willed”,” judgments and prejudices of the society”, “economic and livelihood concerns and problems”, “concerns about the child's ambiguous future” and “laws and the dual behavior of the authorities” are divided.

The findings revealed that the wives of the martyrs are exposed to many psychological distress and personal, family and social challenges, sometimes preferring isolation. Awareness of the lived experiences and challenges facing these women will help family counselors and society policymakers to gain a deeper understanding of the problems of this group and to provide them with the necessary psychological and health care.

Marital infidelity is considered one of the most important risk factors of marital relationships, the disclosure of which puts the betrayed individual in a dilemma of staying or leaving the relationship. The current research aimed to investigate the factors that made women who were betrayed decide to continue their relationship with their husbands despite disclosing their husbands’ infidelity. The statistical population of this study included all the betrayed women of Kerman who remained in the relationship despite the disclosure of their husbands’ betrayal. The sample included 16 women who were betrayed in Kerman. They were selected purposively using theoretical and snowball sampling methods. The data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews. In addition, the data was analyzed through the qualitative method of Grounded Theory and the systematic analysis approach of Strauss and Corbin. The analysis of the obtained data led to the identification of 38 concepts and 12 axial codes, which were categorized into three general conditions: causal conditions, contextual conditions, and intervening conditions, all centered around the main theme of "staying after spousal infidelity disclosure." The results of this study indicated that the betrayed women continued to live with their spouses under causal conditions (i.e., the presence of children, affection for the spouse, spouse’s trust-building behaviors, lack of family support, mutual infidelity, and attitudes and beliefs), contextual conditions (i.e., social and cultural pressures, personal and psychological characteristics, and legal constraints on women), and intervening conditions (i.e., financial and economic issues, the type of spouse’ betrayal, and the support of the spouse’s family).

Forming a marriage is an important decision in people's lives. The purpose of this research is to identify the effective factors in the formation of official marriage in the majority of a coherent plan and to prepare the preparations for presenting an integrated model for marriage. Qualitative method (grounded theory of Strauss and Corbin) was used to achieve the set goals. In order to collect data, interviews with experts were carried out until theoretical saturation, and finally 10 interviews were conducted. After each interview, the data were recorded, coded and then classified into concepts, sub-categories and main categories. Data analysis led to the identification of 118 secondary codes, 30 concepts, 10 sub-categories and 3 main categories, extra-couple, inter-couple and individual factors. The findings of this research showed that from the point of view of experts, extra-couple factors, individual factors, and intra-couple factors are the most effective in the formation of marriage. In extramarital factors, in the order of family, economic and social factors and culture; In individual factors, individual inhibiting factors, individual facilitators, goals, and in inter-couple factors, cognition, personality, attractiveness, and the way of formation have the greatest effect. It is suggested that the findings of this research be used in counseling, education and macro policies related to marriage. In the continuation of this research, it is suggested to prepare a semi-structured interview based on the findings and model it in the group of people on the verge of marriage.

The aim of the present study is to examine the components of power in the family. This study was conducted with a qualitative method and a theme analysis method (Clark & Brauan, 2006). The purposeful sampling method was homogeneous in this way that 12 married people, both men and women, were satisfied and dissatisfied with married life, who were selected based on the entry and exit criteria and were interviewed. The research tool was semi-structured interview. The collected data were analyzed with the help of thematic analysis. The results showed six main categories, which were 1) sources of power (legal, individual, couple, family) 2) distribution of power (based on individual capabilities, external power sources, gender and age) 3) strategies for achieving power (compatible and incompatible strategies) 4) pathology of power (lack of power hierarchy, regulation of power based on external sources and inability of one or both couples to regulate power) 5) goal of gaining power (individualism, matrimonialism and family idealism) 6) Effects of power in the family (negative effects and positive effects). According to these results, it can be said that power in the family is a multi-dimensional and dynamic structure whose damages can lead the family to chaos and vice versa

The method of the present research is qualitative and the systematic version of the "Grounded Theory". The statistical population of the present study was all boys born in Dezful in the years 1999 to 2003. The sampling framework was purposeful and theoretical. For this purpose, 18 people who experienced puberty and shared experiences and thoughts about puberty and could talk about the process of puberty were selected. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The recorded interviews were transcribed on paper and then in open coding, the concept codes were assigned to the smallest meaningful unit of the text. Data were analyzed in three stages open coding, axial coding, and selective coding.

The 20 main categories, 50 subcategories, and 106 basic concepts expressed the lived experiences of sexual maturity of the participants in the present study. Lack or deficiency in education, lack of sexual knowledge, social factors, family, economic factors, technological factors, and specific sexual experiences were the most important determinants of people's life experience of puberty. All the main categories were glued together in 6 interrelated blocks and formed a paradigm pattern. The blocks are a central phenomenon, causal factors, strategies, contextual conditions, intervening factors, and consequences.

The ultimate goal of the present study was to develop a data model of the boys' lived experience of sexual maturity based on the data collected through interviews. The results showed that puberty can be a source of dissatisfaction and psychological/emotional, social, and physical disorders or satisfaction and happiness. The psychological and social life experience of puberty can be evaluated positively or negatively. Puberty is one of the most important periods in the life of any person, depending on the relationships and training received can be positive or negative. Making sweet and effective courses is influenced by individual and social factors.

The present study aimed to find the psychological trauma of mothers during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research method was qualitative, and the interviewees were purposefully selected. In this study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 mothers and continued until data saturation was reached. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The results of data analysis revealed four main themes and ten sub-themes, including (1) Maternal concerns (fear caused by media monitoring, children’s health concerns, concern for the children’s condition), (2) Repetitive behaviors and thoughts (unusual duplications, annoying thoughts), (3) depressed mood (depressed due to quarantine, annoyed by the death of others, tired of virtual education), and (4) Disrupted sleep and eating patterns (night awakenings, fluctuation in diet). The results showed that the mothers’ mental health was endangered during the Covid-19 pandemic. Also, the issues discovered in this study provide information about the psychological trauma of mothers and other family members; therefore, relevant organizations should consider them in treatment and preventive measures.

Emotions are one of the personality dimensions of students that they experience in the entire learning process and different educational situations. Academic emotions are the ups and downs that students experience in the classroom and relation to academic subjects. These emotions can affect the quality of a person's performance and provide reasons for his success or failure in matters related to education. The purpose of the current research was to identify the factors affecting the academic emotion of female students of first secondary school. The research population included 7th, 8th, and 9th-grade female students in the two cities of Tehran in the academic year of   2021-2022. Sampling was done purposefully and according to the criteria of entering and exiting the research, and 12 students were selected as participants in the research based on reaching the criterion of data saturation with positive and negative educational emotions. The research method was qualitative and grounded theory, by Strauss and Corbin's version, with systematic analysis, and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The findings identified three individual, environmental, and educational factors affecting academic emotion. Factors affecting academic emotion are coded into three main categories, each of which has other subcategories. The main categories obtained are 1- individual factors, 2- environmental factors, 3- educational factors and sub-categories, individual factors include fit of value and goal, controllability, and recognition; Environmental factors include internal school factors, external factors, social factors, and educational factors, including the subcategories of the curriculum, teacher, and classmates. Therefore, in general, academic emotion is affected by several factors such as individual, environmental, and educational.

Disturbance relationships are among the main problems of people with traits of borderline personality disorder. An unpleasant parent-child relationship leads to a lack of stability sense, differentiation, and self-other disturbance. Although self-other disturbance has been considered one of the main criteria for borderline personality disorder for a long time, it has been neglected compared to its other aspects.

The present study aimed to identify the self-other pattern in women with borderline personality disorder.

The current research was basic research with a mixed approach using qualitative and quantitative methods. The statistical population included women with traits of borderline personality disorder, in addition to psychology and psychiatry specialists in Mashhad and Tehran in 2021. 15 women with traits of borderline personality disorder were selected from Ibn Sina Hospital in Mashhad by convenience sampling using Leichsenring's borderline personality questionnaire (1999). The data was collected in the qualitative part using Leichsenring's borderline personality questionnaire and semi-structured interview, and in the quantitative part using a researcher-made questionnaire and then analyzed by content analysis and confirmatory factor analysis.

The results indicated the model of self-other includes components such as “relation to parents”, “relation to the opposite sex” and “unsuccessful relationships”. Results of factor analysis also indicated “relation to parents” has the most contribution to the model.

Self-other disturbance in women with a borderline personality disorder is fundamental and a result of initial unstable relationships with parents. Therefore, the findings of the current study can be used in the treatment of individuals with borderline personality disorder.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the causes of maladjustment in couple interactions. This study was conducted with a qualitative method and thematic analysis method. The sampling method was purposeful and up to the point of saturation, so that 20 maladjustment couples were selected based on the entry and exit criteria and were interviewed. The research tool was semi-structured in-depth interview. The collected data were analyzed with the help of thematic analysis and MAXQDA.2018 software. After analyzing the content of the data, seven central categories were obtained, which in order of importance were the lack of communication skills (inconsistency of verbal and non-verbal behavior, weak conversation skills, vague boundaries, weak listening skills), impenetrability (lack of flexibility, lack of agreement, arrogance) lack of demarcation in the main family (triangulation, condemning, intervention), economic factors (financial problems, heavy dowry, inflation), devaluation (undervaluing, non-acceptance, judging), intolerance of distress (lack of control) Anger, acting emotionally, having hatred) and forced marriage (adherence to tribal relations, adherence to customs). In couple interactions, the obtained categories are the causes of marital maladjustment.

The aim of this study was to describe the experiences of patients who had recovered from COVID 19 on the psychological factors affecting their recovery during the disease.

This qualitative study was conducted in 1399. The data collection method was semi-structured in-depth interviews. Participants were patients who had recovered from COVID 19 and were willing to talk about their experience. Sampling was done from 3 cities of Gachsaran، Basht and Noorabad with purposeful sampling approach. Data were analyzed by content analysis method. The extracted codes were managed through MAXQDA software version 10.

A total of 15 interviews were conducted with 8 women and 7 men aged 23 to 58 years. Analysis of participants' conversations about psychological factors contributing to the recovery of patients with COVID 19 led to the identification of 305 codes، which were divided into 2 main categories، including " factors related to patient" and “Factors related to patient’s relations" and 9 subcategories.

According to the results of this study، the thoughts and behaviors of the patient، staff and acquaintances are effective in the mental health of the patient and accelerate the healing process، which need pay attention. One of the responsibilities of the medical staff is to provide consultation sessions for patients’ acquaintances and their nurses regarding the thoughts and behavior of the patient and his/her relations.

The way the spouse's emotional expression is responded to is one of the factors playing a role in the formation of marital intimacy. The current study intended to compare the behavioral responses to the spouse's emotional expression between women with high and low levels of emotional intimacy. A qualitative approach with a descriptive phenomenological design was applied to conduct this study. A sample of 20 married women in Tehran (2021) was selected using a purposive sampling method and considering the principle of saturation. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and were analyzed using Colaizzi’s seven-step method of phenomenological data analysis. Data analysis resulted in extracting six main themes from each group. The main themes extracted from the high emotional intimacy group include "encouragement, attending to emotions and accepting it", "companionship in the cognitive processing of emotion", "proactive responding", "timing in responding to spouse's emotion", "corrective actions" and "managing the environmental stimuli" and the main themes extracted from the low emotional intimacy group include "non-encouragement, not attending to emotions and not accepting it", "rationalization", "reactive emotional responding", "rush in response", "retaliatory actions" and "selective responding". The results indicate that there are some differences between the behavioral responses of the two groups in four dimensions flexibility, constructiveness, companionship, and agency.