جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « نگرش های ناکارآمد » در نشریات گروه « روانشناسی »

Most spouses in marital life use different communication patterns in interactions with family members, depending on their personality structure. The presence of dysfunctional communication patterns and underdeveloped personalities can cause destructive effects in relationships and lead to a lack of differentiation in children. This study aims to provide a model for predicting children's differentiation based on communication patterns and personality structure with the mediation of dysfunctional attitudes in parents attending counseling centers in Tehran.

Methods and Materials: 

Considering the indices and objectives of the research, the study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this research included all parents attending counseling centers in Tehran during 2021-2022. In this research, the sampling method was multi-stage random sampling, and the sample size was determined to be 350 people based on the Sample Power software. Data collection was carried out using the Differentiation Inventory by Skowron and Friedlander (1998), the Couples' Communication Patterns Questionnaire by Christensen and Sullaway (1991), the NEO Personality Inventory by McCrae and Costa (1985), and the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale by Weissman and Beck (1978) on the selected sample. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and SmartPLS structural equation modeling.

The findings of this study indicated that the proposed model for predicting children's differentiation based on communication patterns and personality structure with the mediation of dysfunctional attitudes in parents attending counseling centers in Tehran had a good fit. Examination of the results based on the direct path showed a significant relationship between the components of communication patterns, personality structure, and dysfunctional attitudes with children's differentiation. The results of the indirect path also showed a significant relationship between the components of communication patterns, personality structure, with the partial mediation role of dysfunctional attitudes and children's differentiation.

The findings suggest that understanding the communication patterns and personality structure of each parent based on the mutual understanding of children's needs can predict the level of children's differentiation based on dysfunctional attitudes within the context of family relationships and interpersonal interactions.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of emotion management training on teachers' ineffective attitudes and job burnout. The method of this research is semi-experimental and pre-test-post-test with control group. The statistical population in this research was all the teachers of primary schools in Kermanshah city in 1402. Among the primary school teachers, 30 people were divided into two experimental and control groups (15 people in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group) using the available sampling method. ) were chosen. The tools used in this research were Jung's Ineffective Attitudes Questionnaire (1990) and Meslash's Job Burnout Questionnaire (1981). The results of the research showed that emotion management training has reduced the ineffective attitudes of the experimental group teachers compared to the average of the control group. The effect of ineffective attitudes in the field of disconnection and rejection is equal to 0.46, ineffective attitudes in the field of impaired self-management is equal to 0.38, ineffective attitudes in the field of impaired limitation is equal to 0.45, ineffective attitudes in the field of other-orientation Equal to 0.33, ineffective attitudes in the field of eavesdropping is equal to 0.41. Also, the emotion management training, according to the average burnout of the teachers of the experimental group in the post-test compared to the average of couples in the control group, has reduced the burnout of the experimental group. The effect of job burnout was 0.39.

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Metacognitive therapy and Pilates exercises on loneliness feelings and dysfunctional attitudes in female students with Premenstrual Syndrome. The present study is a part of applied research and a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with a two-month follow-up. The research population included all female students suffering from premenstrual syndrome in the Islamic Azad University, Dorud Branch, in the academic year 1400-1401, There were 520 women, of which 45 women were selected by purposive sampling method, and they were randomly replaced in three groups. The tools of this research included the Premenstrual Screening Questionnaire (PSST) by Steiner et al. (2003), the Loneliness Scale - Third Edition (UCLA LS3) by Russell (1996), and the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS-26) by Wiseman and Beck (1978). The analysis method of this research was a repeated measures test. The findings showed that there is a significant difference between the post-test of the experimental and control groups in both the variables of loneliness feelings and dysfunctional attitudes (p≤0.001). That is, the Pilates and metacognition groups have significantly reduced the feelings of loneliness and dysfunctional attitudes compared to the control group, also the metacognition group significantly performed better than the Pilates group in the two variables of loneliness (p≤0.001), and dysfunctional attitudes (p≤0.042). Based on this, it can be concluded that the metacognition intervention was more effective than Pilates exercises in improving feelings of loneliness and dysfunctional attitudes.

One type of stress related to learning environments is academic stress, which affects millions of students worldwide annually. This study was conducted to predict the level of academic stress using maladaptive attitudes and self-defeating thoughts with the mediating role of mindfulness in high school students in Torkaman city.

The research method was correlation. The statistical population of the study was all high school students in Torkaman city in the academic year 2020-2021. A sample of 361 students was selected using multi-stage sampling. The research instruments included the Gadzela academic stress questionnaire (1991), the Hollon and Kendall self-defeating thoughts questionnaire (1980), the long version of the Weisman and Beck irrational beliefs scale (1978), and the five-factor mindfulness questionnaire by Baer and colleagues (2006).

The results of the structural equation modeling indicated a direct relationship between maladaptive attitudes and academic stress (β = 0.42, p < 0.001), an indirect relationship between maladaptive attitudes and academic stress through mindfulness (β = -0.17, P < 0.05), a direct relationship between negative self-defeating thoughts and academic stress (β = 0.4, p < 0.001), and an indirect relationship between negative self-defeating thoughts and academic stress through mindfulness (β = -0.14, P < 0.05). Therefore, the research model was confirmed based on significant indices and fit.

This study, by investigating the dimensions of academic stress, negative self-defeating thoughts, and maladaptive attitudes in students, has taken a preliminary step towards creating a psychological therapy model in the future

The research indicates that dysfunctional attitudes and psychological distress are among the most important structures that can cause problems to people's health. In addition, the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy on these structures in women has conflicting results, requiring more research in this field.

This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy on women's psychological distress and dysfunctional attitudes.

The current study was practical and semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The research's statistical population included all women referred to Khavaran Cultural Center in 2020. The research sample consisted of 30 women selected by the available sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. They completed the Beck et al. dysfunctional attitudes questionnaire (1991) and Kessler et al. psychological distress questionnaire (2002) in two phases, pre-test and post-test, and received an acceptance and commitment-based therapy trial group (Wells and Sorrell, 2007). After collecting the data, the data were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis using SPSSV19 software.

The results showed a significant difference between the two experimental and control groups in the post-test stage (p<0.01), which indicates the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy in the variables of ineffective attitudes and psychological distress.

The women who participated in acceptance and commitment-based training obtained lower scores in ineffective attitudes and psychological distress in the post-test than before participating in the said program compared to the group that did not participate. This issue indicated the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based education in research variables.

Major depressive disorder is one of the most common mental disorders that imposes considerable emotional, social and economic burden on the individual and society. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on negative spontaneous thoughts and dysfunctional attitudes of patients with major depression. The method of the present study is a single case experimental design of multiple baseline types. The statistical population of this study consisted of all patients with major depressive disorder who referred to Hedayat Amin Lantern Counseling Center1998-99 who had an active record. From this statistical population according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study, four patients with major depression with Available sampling methods were selected and participated in 3 baseline sessions, 8 sessions of compassion-focused treatment and 3 follow-up sessions. The research instruments are the Holon and Kendall (1980) Negative Spontaneous Thoughts Questionnaire and the dysfunctional attitudes of Wiseman and Beck (1979). Data are analyzed using visual analysis, trend stability change and overlap percentage (PND). According to the statistical results obtained for both variables of negative self-thoughts and dysfunctional attitudes, reduction of mean and mean scores in the intervention stage compared to baseline, 100% PND between treatment position and baseline for all 4 subjects and reduction of PND between The position of intervention and follow-up indicated that CFT was effective on negative spontaneous thoughts and dysfunctional attitudes of patients with major depression, but these results significantly reduced the effect of treatment in the intervention phase compared to the baseline and reduced the effect of treatment in the follow-up phase compared to the phase. Demonstrated intervention.

This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of Schema Therapy and interpersonal skills training on reducing inefficient attitudes and also comparing the effectiveness of these two methods on reducing inefficient attitudes. This quasi-experimental research was conducted based on pre-test and post-test plan with control group. The statistical population consisted of 200 adolescent girls who referred to the consulting office in Qouchan in the first half of 2018. The Inefficient Attitudes Scale (DAS-26) was implemented for all members of the statistical population and 60 subjects whose inefficient attitudes were higher were selected and were organized based on a random number table in the form of two experimental groups and one control group (each one in 20 people). The data collection tool was an inefficient attitudes scale. Data collection was done in 50 days in the second half of 2018. One-way covariance statistical analysis method was used in statistical analysis of the research data. The findings indicate that the observed difference between the two experimental groups of schema therapy (with a mean of 65.65) and the experimental group of interpersonal skills training (with a mean of 25.94) had been statistically significant, and the difference between each mean of the two experimental groups and the mean of control group was significant. This research showed that the effect of schema therapy on reducing inefficient attitudes was more than interpersonal skills training.

 This study was performed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and emotional schema therapy on neuroticism، dysfunctional attitudes and lifestyle of cardiovascular patients. 

 In this quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and follow-up with a control group، the samples included 45 cardiovascular patients from public hospitals in Babol. The samples were divided into three groups of 15 in the treatment group. Cognitive-behavioral، emotional schema therapy group and control group were divided. Wright، Besco and Sharp (2006) cognitive-behavioral therapy protocol was performed in 8 2-hour sessions and Leahy et al. (2014) emotional therapy schema was performed in 12 2-hour weekly sessions. McCreery (1985) and the dysfunctional attitudes of Weisman and Beck (1978) were evaluated and compared. Analysis of variance with repeated measures and SPSS.22 software were used to analyze the data. 

 The results showed that the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on patients' neuroticism was more than emotional schema therapy (F= 78.35، P<0.001), the effectiveness of emotional schema therapy on dysfunctional attitudes was more than cognitive-behavioral therapy was (F=34.89، P<0.001). 

 The results of this study showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy and emotional schema therapy can be an effective intervention in reducing neuroticism and dysfunctional attitudes in cardiovascular patients.

The purpose of this study was to present a structural relationship model between dysfunctional attitudes and spiritual intelligence with corona anxiety through mediation role psychological hardiness.

The research method was correlation of the type path analysis. The population of this study included all Undergraduate students Poldokhtar Higher Education Center who were studying in the academic year 2020-2021. The statistical sample size was determined based on the rules of thumb Kline equal to 210 people, which was done by available sampling method and online questionnaire. The instruments used in this study were Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS), Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS), Integrated Spiritual Intelligence Scale (SISRI) and Lang and Goulet Hardiness Scale (LGHS). Data analysis was performed using Path analysis statistical method and by the SPSS-22, and AMOS-24 software.

Findings showed that dysfunctional attitudes and psychological hardiness have a direct effect on corona anxiety (P<0/01); but spiritual intelligence had no direct effect on corona anxiety (p>0.05). Also, proposed model had an acceptable fitness to the data (X2/2= 1/22, AGFI=0/97, GFI=0/99, CFI=0/99, RMSEA=0/03) and indirect pathways of dysfunctional attitudes and spiritual intelligence were significant through mediating role of psychological hardiness on corona anxiety.

Dysfunctional attitudes were effective both directly and through psychological hardiness on corona anxiety; but spiritual intelligence could only reduce the anxiety of Corona through the mediation of psychological hardiness. It seems that paying attention to the presented model will be useful in the treatment program and counseling of students.

The present study was conducted aiming to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy on the Perfectionism and inefficient attitudes of the women with marital conflict with early maladaptive schemata.

it was a quasiexperimental study with pretest, posttest and control group design and a two-month follow-up stage. The statistical population of the study included the women with marital conflict with early maladaptive schemata who referred to consultation centers in the city of Tehran in the autumn and winter of 2019-2012. 40 women with marital conflict with early maladaptive schemata were selected through purposive sampling method and they were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (each group of 20). The experimental group received the schema therapy in ten ninetyminute sessions during two months. 4 people from the experimental group were excluded from the study and so were 3 people from the control group. The applied questionnaires in this study included Perfectionism (Hill, et al., 2004), inefficient attitudes scale (Wiseman and Back, 1978), marital conflict (Barati and Sanaie, 1997) and early maladaptive (Yang, 1998). The data from the study were analyzed through repeated measurement ANOVA.

The results showed that schema therapy has significant effect on the Perfectionism and inefficient attitudes of the women with marital conflict with early maladaptive schemata (p<0.001). In this way, this treatment has been able to reduce Perfectionism and inefficient attitudes of the women with marital conflict with early maladaptive schemata.

According to the findings of the study it can be concluded that Schema therapy can be used to reduce perfectionism and inefficient attitudes of women with marital conflict with early maladaptive schemas.

Aggression is one of the most common and influential behaviors on individual and social aspects of the individual, including personality, desirability and social efficiency, and adolescents' attitudes. The aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of social desirability in the relationship between personality traits and dysfunctional attitudes toward aggressive behaviors of adolescents. The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study consisted of all adolescents in Ardabil 1400-1399, 200 of whom were selected as a sample using the sampling method available online and through virtual networks (WhatsApp, Telegram, Shad). And participated in this study. Data collection tools included DAS-C (2006) Dys-C dysfunctional attitude scale questionnaire, NEO-FFI short-form personality questionnaire (1985), DAS-CA (1960) social utility questionnaire, and Bass and Perry aggression questionnaire ( 1992) were BPAQ. The collected data were analyzed using Spss 24 and Lisrel 8.8 software and the path analysis method. The results showed that the research model is approved in terms of significance and fit indicators and inefficient attitude variables and personality traits in addition to the direct effect, indirectly affecting aggression through social desirability (P <0.001). According to the research findings, it can be used in educational programs and psychological interventions and improve their performance.

The 24-item Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS-24) is a short version of the scale with a similar name, which is utilized to measure depressogenic negative attitudes.  Although this measure was utilized in many countries it has not been validated in Iran. The main aim of the present research was to study the factorial structure and psychometric properties of  DAS-24. The research method is correlational and validation. The sample size consisted of 1416 graduate and postgraduate students from some universities in the cities of Mashhad and Neyshabour in 2017. Students were recruited through convenience sampling. Participants responded to the dysfunctional attitudes scale (Power et al, 1994) and the human flourishing questionnaire (Soleimani et al, 1396). In order to measure the internal consistency of the scale, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was utilized. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine the factorial structure. Divergent validity was measured through the correlation between flourish-related factors and dysfunctional attitudes. Findings demonstrated the negative and significant correlations between dysfunctional attitudes and flourish subscales (p<0.01). Internal consistencies of dysfunctional attitudes were acceptable (α>0.6). confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that the three-factor model consisted of achievement, self-control and dependency have high levels of the goodness of fit. It can be concluded that DAS-24 is a reliable and valid instrument in the Iranian population.

The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on the improvement of emotion regulation and dysfunctional attitudes in people with Borderline personality disorder. The study method was a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design with a waiting-list group. The statistical population of the study was all those people with borderline personality disorder who were referred to Fatemi hospital of Ardabil, Iran in the autumn of 2018. Thirty-two patients were selected by convenience sampling method and they were randomly assigned to two experimental (16 members) and waiting-list (16 members) groups. Members of both groups were individually responded to scales of emotion processing (EPS) Baker, Thomas, Thomas and Owens (2007) and dysfunctional attitudes (DAS) Weissman and Beck (1978). Then, the intervention was performed by the transcranial direct electrical stimulation device on the experimental group members for 10 consecutive days for 20 minutes by placing anode in region F3 and cathode in region F4 individually. Whereas the group of waiting-list participants did not receive this intervention. Then, a post-test was performed on both waiting-list and experimental groups. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) with SPSS-24 software. Results showed that there were significant differences between experimental and control groups in intrusion, suppression, uncontrolled impulses, discordant and dissociation components of emotion regulation and perfectionism, need to others confirmation, need to others satisfaction, and suggestibility of performance evaluation components of dysfunctional attitudes (P<0.05). These results reveal the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on improving emotion regulation and dysfunctional attitudes in individuals with a borderline personality disorder. Given to high resistance to psychological therapies in people with borderline personality disorder, these results can promise new neuropsychological interventions for this disorder.

Lupus is a disease that is causing anxiety in a person causes anxiety and tension in response to threatening conditions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based therapy, compassion based therapy and combination therapy on anxiety and Dysfunctional attitudes in patients with systemic lupus.

This is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all patients with systemic lupus treated in Shiraz hospitals, who Using a available sampling method, 80 individuals were selected and randomly divided into four groups including20 individauls. One group was selected as control group and the other3 as experimental group. The instruments used in this study included Zong Anxiety Scale (1970), and Weisman and Beck (1978) dysfunctional attitudes questionnaire.

Data collected using repeated measures analysis of variance showed that this treatment had a significant effect on systemic lupus in post-test and follow-up stages (F=6/53, p<0/001). Also, the effect of combination therapy in this study was significant (F=207/47,p≤/0005).

According to the findings of the present study, acceptance, commitment and compassion training packages can be used to improve anxiety and dysfunctional attitudes in patients with lupus

The current research attempts to study the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy on self-control, self-Restraint, and Dysfunctional Attitude in individuals with substance abuse. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest, follow-up, and control group design. 34 patients referring to Tolou Medical Center which is located in Lorestan Province were selected in 1398 based on the Convenience Sampling and were randomly divided into the experimental and control groups. In data collecting, Tanji, Banister, and Bon Self-Control Questionnaire (SCS), Weinberger & Schwartz self-Restraint Scale (SRS), and Weissman and Beck’s Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) were used. Data analysis based on Covariance Analysis demonstrated that there are significant differences between the post-test scores of self-control, self-restraint, and dysfunctional attitude between the control and experimental group. 18% self-control, 39% self-restraint, and 75% dysfunctional attitude can be interpreted by the cognitive-behavioral method. These findings show that cognitive-behavioral therapy can lead to an increase in self-control and self-restraint and a decrease in dysfunctional attitudes in drug abusers. Therefore, therapists can use this therapy as an interventional method.

This study aimed comparison of the effectiveness of mindfulness-based compassion and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy education on students' dysfunctional attitudes, self-control, and mental health. This study was a semi-experimental study with a pre-post-test and follow-up design with the control group. Forty-five students of Islamic Azad University, Chalus Branch, were selected through the convenience method and randomly replaced in two intervention groups (15 people) and one control group. (15 people). Participants in the intervention groups participated for eight weeks (90 minutes each session) in mindfulness-based compassion and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. The control group did not receive any intervention during this period. All participants were assessed before, after, and one month after the interventions with Goldberg Health Questionnaires, Weizmann's &Beck's Dysfunctional Attitudes, and Tangeni Self-Control Scale. The collected data analyzed using the Repeated Measure of Variance. The results showed both intervention groups had a significant difference with the control group in the scores of dysfunctional attitude, mental health, and self-control. A comparison of mindfulness-based compassion and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy indicated no significance between the two groups' scores of dysfunctional attitude, mental health, and self-control in pre, post-test, and follow up stages. According to this study's findings, mindfulness, based cognitive therapy, and mindfulness-based compassion effectively improved dysfunctional attitudes, mental health, and self-control of students.