جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « کودکان کار » در نشریات گروه « روانشناسی »

Labor children, as one of the most vulnerable social classes who have been forced to take to thestreets due to their living and family conditions, are exposed to many physical and mental harm, according to many studies. The aim of this study was to compare attachment styles, psychological hardiness and Subjective Vitalityof labor children and normal children in Shiraz. The research design was causal-comparative. Using convenience sampling method, 48 children aged 7 to 17 years (24 working children and 24 normal children) were selected. The instruments of this study included Hazan& Shaver Adult Attachment Styles Questionnaire (Hazan& Shaver, 1987), Ahvaz Hardiness Questionnaire (Kiamarsi, Najarian, & Mehrabizadeh Honarmand, 1998) and Ryan and Frederick Subjective Vitality Questionnaire (Ryan and Frederick, 1997). After completing the questionnaires, the data was analyzed using Spss software, t-test and multivariate analysis of variance. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the attachment styles of the two groups (P <0.05). Labor children in avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles were not in a good position. The results of t-test showed that there is no significant difference between the two groups in terms of psychological hardiness and Subjective Vitality. In general, living in difficult family and social conditions can lead to a weakening of psychological variables that have a transient effect on growth and mental health. Emotional neglect caused by laborchild in unhealthy family situations can lead to the continuation of their psychological and behavioral problems.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between outgroup social capital, social and emotional skills and self-esteem of children in Isfahan city.

Descriptive-correlation research method and the statistical population includes all Labor children of Isfahan city; 200 Labor children under the cover of Tolo Mehr and Dosti NGO of Isfahan were selected as a sample. The research tools are Cooper Smith's Self-Esteem Questionnaire, Watson et al.'s Social Skills Questionnaire (1984), Siberia Schering's Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (2010), and Rafiei et al.'s Out-group Social Capital Questionnaire (2015). The data were analyzed with statistical methods of simultaneous regression analysis and Pearson's correlation coefficient.

The findings of the tables show that the multiple correlation coefficient was equal to 0.827. This means that the three variables of outgroup social capital, social skills and emotional intelligence that remained in the regression equation had a significant relationship of 0.827 with the self-esteem of labor children. The coefficient of determination also indicates a ratio of the total changes of the dependent variable that were calculated by the independent variables of the equation, which was 0.679; It means that these three variables can predict about 68% of changes in self-esteem.

The findings of this research showed that the increase of outgroup social capital increases self-esteem and labor children who have higher self-esteem have higher social skills and emotional intelligence.

The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the effectiveness of Unified transdiagnostic therapy with cognitive-behavioral therapy on emotion regulation and life quality of child laborers.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a comparison group, randomized assignment and pretest-posttest . The statistical population was all child laborers in Tehran and the statistical sample was 45 children under the auspices of the Empowerment Center for Women and Children in Tehran in 1398.The Granowski et al. Scale of emotion regulation and the children and adolescents life quality scale were administered before and after the intervention and 3 months after the end of treatment in the follow-up phase. The results were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance.

The output of the mixed analysis of variance test indicates that the effect of time factor on emotion regulation (F = 38.99, P <0.01; F = 13.45; P <0.01) as well as time and group interaction in regulation Emotion (0.48 = partial ƞ2; 38.99F =; 0.000 000 P <; 0.38 = partial ƞ2; 06 / 13F =; 0.000 000 <) is significant. Also, the comparison of the effectiveness of emotion regulation strategies from the interventions shows that the means of transdiagnostic therapy were more effective than cognitive-behavioral therapy in reducing negative emotional regulation strategies and increasing positive emotion regulation strategies.

The results of the study indicate that the child version of unified transdiagnostic protocol can be used on vulnerable populations. On the other hand, it seems that the intervention based on improving the quality of life due to the emphasis on the sixteen elements of this structure, can be considered as a pilot version to improve the quality of life of these children.

One of the global and cautionary intricacies is the child labor phenomenon. Concerning the different consequences of child labor, this study aimed to compile a structural model of unconditional self-acceptance, rejection sensitivity, future expectations, and childhood experience of care. The present research was correlational and pursued a structural equation modeling method. The statistical population of this research comprised the child labor of Yazd and Isfahan cities in 2020. Among this population, a sample of 160 children was selected by the convenience sampling method. The participants answered to Chamberlin and Haaga’s (2001) unconditional self acceptance, Downey and Feldman’s (1996) rejection sensitivity, Mcwhirter’s (2008) future expectations, and Bifulco, Brown and Harris’s (1994) childhood experience of care questionnaires. The findings showed that unconditional acceptance had a negative and significant effect on rejection sensitivity (P<0.05). Childhood experience of care had a negative and significant relationship with future expectations while being positively and significantly related to rejection sensitivity. Likewise, rejection sensitivity had a significant and negative effect on future expectations (P<0.05). The results did not support the direct effect of unconditional acceptance on future expectations. With regard to the results, it can be concluded that improving childhood care, reducing rejection sensitivity, and working on the unconditional acceptance of these children, helped the life enhancement of child labor

In recent years, various methods have been used to treat anxiety in children, art therapy is accepted today as one of the most effective methods of treatment. One of these art programs is play (Holmwood, 2017). Drama therapy is group therapy and active and experiential therapy (Berger, 2019) that uses a combination of various theatrical techniques such as role-play, pantomime, puppetry, improvisation, and other methods (Leather & Kewley, 2019).

This study was quasi-experimental using a pretest-posttest design with a control group and follow-up stage. The statistical population included all labor children in the age range of 8-12 years living in Ahvaz in 2020-2021 under the supervision of a welfare organization. The Spence Children Anxiety Scale was used to choose the main participants of the study and 30 children with the highest anxiety scores were selected and then divided into two groups of 15 (experimental and control). Children's Anxiety Scale (CAS): The instrument was designed by Spence in Australia in 1997 to assess the anxiety of children aged 8-15 years based on the DSM-IV diagnostic and statistical classification. The Spence questionnaire has two versions of the child (with 45 items) and the parents (with 38 items). In the present study, the reliability of this scale was 0.90 using Cronbach's alpha. Intervention sessions in the welfare organization were held for 13 sessions of 90 minutes and two sessions a week. This intervention is designed based on the five-step integrated method of Emunah (1999).

The results show that the difference between the pretest-posttest scores of the experimental and control groups is significant for the anxiety variable (p≤0.05, F=39.9). Therefore, the obtained results indicate the effect of drama therapy on reducing the anxiety of the experimental group. Also, the difference between the pre-test and follow-up scores of the experimental and control groups is significant for the anxiety variable (p≤0.05, F=18.377). Therefore, the results indicate the effect of drama therapy on reducing the anxiety of the experimental group.

One of the most important problems in today's world is the issue of labor children. Psychological problems of these children, especially high anxiety, are among the factors that make these children more vulnerable. Accordingly, the drama therapy method is effective in reducing the anxiety of labor children. Drama therapy seems to be able to reduce the anxiety of labor children by using techniques such as characterization, role play, pantomime, etc. It seems that changes in cognitive insight, establishing a link between consciousness and unconsciousness, direct and indirect training of coping strategies with anxiety, self-awareness, real-world experience in a safe environment, and refining and suppressing repressed and hidden negative emotions are among the reasons for reducing anxiety and stability of treatment. The results of comparing the control and experimental groups in a one-month follow-up show that the difference between the experimental group and the control group has been stable over time. drama therapy can be considered as a sustainable therapy in reducing the anxiety of labor children, and therefore, the condition should be provided for the use of these methods to reduce the anxiety of labor children.

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of psychological disorders and their causes in children of labor using a descriptive survey. In the initial screening, a sample of 300 children (aged between 6 to 16) was randomly chosen from the population of children under the auspices of Alborz Province Welfare Organization in 2018-19, considering demographic variable. In the next stage, 150 individuals who scored higher than the cut-off point in the screening stage were selected. To determine the prevalence of psychological disorders, the Children Symptom Inventory-4 (CSI-4) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were used, and to determine the pathology of the disorders, the Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire was used. Chi-square and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The results showed that behavioral disorder with a frequency of 36 people (24%) had the highest prevalence, followed by major depressive disorder with a frequency of 29 people (19.3%). Asperger's syndrome was the least common with a frequency of 6 people (4%). Moreover, the finding revealed that a combination of individual, family and social factors contribute to the onset of psychological disorders that vary depending on the disorder. Our findings highlight the need for mental health professionals and social workers to implement educational and therapeutic courses and workshops for these children and their families

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of interpersonal creative problem-solving training programs on the creativity and social skills of labor children. The design of the study was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest and a control group. Using random sampling, 20 labor boys aged 7 to 10 years were selected and assigned as experimental and control groups (each group consisted of 10 people). The experimental group participated in a creative problem-solving program for 15 sessions (70-90 minutes each session). Forms A and B of the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT) and Teacher’s form of Gresham and Elliot questionnaire of social skills (SSRS) were used as the measurement tools. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software 26 and analysis of the covariance. The findings showed significant differences between the experimental and the control group in creativity and social skills. Accordingly, a creative problem-solving program is recommended as a preventive program for labor children.

The purpose of this research was to study the effectiveness of storytelling on moral intelligence, emotional intelligence, and inferiority feelings of labor children. The study was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with control group. The population included all labor children in District 5 of Tehran city. Using available sampling method, 40 labor children who were fully satisfied with the research were selected and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. For collecting data, Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (Golman, 1995), Inferiority Scale (Yao, et al. 1997), and Moral Intelligence Questionnaire (Lennick & Kiel, 2005) were used and the storytelling training package was used as intervention. Results showed that with the pre-test being controlled, there was a significant difference between the control and experimental groups in moral intelligence (P<0.01, F=24.73). In other words, the storytelling had a significant positive effect on moral intelligence. Moreover, with pre-test control, emotional intelligence was significantly different between control and experimental groups (p<0.01 and F=13.40) which showed that storytelling therapy has a significant positive effect on emotional intelligence. The results also showed a significant difference between the inferiority feelings of the experimental and control groups (p<0.01 and F=10.05). In other words, story therapy has a significant positive effect on inferiority feelings of labor children.

Intoduction: Child labor is a prevalent global public health and human rights problem. Many children work to ensure the survival of their families and themselves. Furthermore, child labor today leads to poverty tomorrow: Child labor perpetuates poverty and results in intergenerational poverty traps. Yet, policies banning child labor, even if they can be implemented, might harm the welfare of children and their families rather than help. It puts children at risk for acute and chronic health problems and thwarts the right to freely choose economic opportunities. Economical abuse can best be defined as hiring a child for a work in which his rights are infringed, low payment is made, and his personal development is hindered. As expected, in a short span of time child workers have been employed in industries, which has led a disturbance in the physical, sensorial, kinesthetic, social, medical and moral development and his right for education has been disregarded. That has brought about children being prone to every threat, for they have adopted all the negative experiences and way of behaving in the work life. The short-term effects of childhood trauma include disruptions in interpersonal relationships and psychological problems. Moreover, childhood trauma may interfere with the development of emotional self-regulation, leaving children at risk for a number of negative outcomes including violence preparation. It is recognized that childhood trauma can lead to suicidal ideation and behavior. There is evidence that aggression and violence are important correlates of suicidal behavior. Childhood trauma and aggressive traits are considered risk factors for suicidal behavior. The aim of current study is prediction of suicidal ideation and interpersonal violence among labor children based on childhood trauma, emotion regulation difficulties and callous-unemotional traits. This study utilized a descriptive correlational design. The sample includes 150 person of 12-17-years-old labor children of Tehran, in Summer and autumn of 1395. All participants answered to the Suicide Cognitions Scale, State and Trait Anger Expression Inventory. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Emotion Regulation Difficulties Scale and Callous-Unemotional Traits Inventory. Data analysis through multivariate regression showed that lack of sympathy, limited access to emotion regulation strategies and neglect predict significantly suicidal ideation and callous, difficulties engaging in goal directed behavior, impulse control difficulties, lack of emotional awareness, lack of emotional clarity and emotional abuse positively predict interpersonal violence. Hence, it is proposed to focus on the environments in which these children grow, in particular their family environments, and on interactions between parents and children that may indicate negligence and insult to the child.