جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « anxiety disorders » در نشریات گروه « روانشناسی »

One of the deep cognitive processes that play a fundamental role in the development of anxiety disorders is early maladaptive schemas. Another underlying cause of anxiety disorders is the inability to emotion regulation. Also, psychological hardiness as an important personality structure is effective on the way and quality of dealing with Sources of anxiety. So far, no specific research has focused on presenting a structural model regarding the relationship between primary maladaptive schemas and emotional regulation with the mediating role of psychological hardiness in patients with anxiety disorders.

The present study was conducted with the aim of developing a structural model of the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and emotion regulation with the mediating role of psychological hardiness.

The design of the current research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this research included all people suffering from anxiety disorders who referred to counseling centers and psychological services under the supervision of Tehran Welfare Organization in 2022. Using the random multistage cluster sampling method, 300 people with anxiety disorders were selected as the statistical sample of the research. To collect information from the questionnaires of the short version of the Early Maladaptive Schema -Short Form (Young, 1998); Emotion regulation strategies (Gross & John, 2003) and Psychological hardiness (Kobasa, 1979) were used. To analyze the data in this study, correlation and path analysis methods were used using SPSS-26 and AMOS-24 software.

The findings of the present study showed that the proposed model has a good fit.The results also show that the schemas of disconnection and rejection, Impaired autonomy and Performance, orientation, over-vigilance and inhibition had a negative and significant effect on emotional reappraisal and a positive and significant effect on emotional suppression. Also, the effect of Impaired Limits schema on suppression was positive and significant. Psychological hardiness has a positive and significant effect on emotional reappraisal and a negative and significant effect on emotional suppression.

According to the results obtained, the mediating role of the psychological hardiness variable was confirmed in the present study, And since this variable increases a person's resilience and as a result puts her in a positive and healthy cycle, it is suggested that counseling centers therapists teach people with anxiety disorders techniques to improve psychological hardiness.

The current research aims to present a structural model of anxiety disorders based on COVID-19 anxiety with the mediating role of coping strategies in pregnant women. This study is applied in terms of its objective, and descriptive-correlational and structural equation modeling in terms of its implementation. Data collection methods included both library and field research. In the field research, questionnaires were used to collect necessary data, including the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-13) questionnaire by Spitzer et al. (2006), the COVID-19 Anxiety questionnaire by Alipour et al. (2019), and Lazarus and Folkman’s (1988) coping strategies. SPSS22 and AMOS software were utilized for data analysis. The results indicated that anxiety disorders can be predicted based on COVID-19 anxiety (p<0.01). Additionally, coping strategies were found to play a mediating role in the relationship between anxiety disorders and COVID-19 anxiety (p<0.01). The study also revealed a significant association between anxiety disorders or COVID-19 anxiety and the mediating role of coping strategies in pregnant women (p<0.01). Therefore, it can be concluded that anxiety disorders in pregnant women can be predicted by COVID-19 anxiety with the mediation of coping strategies.

A high percentage of pregnant women experience anxiety symptoms. A review of recent studies shows that current psychological interventions have not focused on pregnancy. Therefore, considering the importance of investigating anxiety disorders during pregnancy and the impact of these disorders on the mental health system, the evaluation of anxiety disorders should be considered in controlled clinical studies.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of computer-based cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy (ECBT) on emotion regulation in pregnant women with anxiety.

This study was quasi-experimental. The studied population consists of pregnant women from 13 to 30 weeks pregnant, singletons, and suffering from anxiety disorders in Babol city. In a pre-test and post-test design, 84 pregnant women at 13-30 weeks of pregnancy were divided into two experimental groups (n = 42) and control (n = 42). The participants in both groups completed Garnevsky's (2002) cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire in two pre-test and post-test series. The data were analyzed using variance analysis of repeated measurements and SPSS 26 software.

The results of this study showed that ECBT is able to improve emotion regulation in pregnant women (p<0.05). The pre-test and post-test of emotion regulation showed a significant difference in repeated measurement evaluation.

The results of this study suggest the use of computer-based cognitive behavioral therapy in reducing the emotional problems of pregnant women with anxiety disorders. Furthermore, the obtained results help psychologists and specialists in the field of women's health to gain new insights in relation to online treatments.

The aim of present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Metacognitive Therapy for Children on increasing attentional control and reducing attention bias towards threat in anxious children. The present study was a Single-subject study with Multiple Baseline. The statistical sample of this study included all children aged 9 to 13 referred to the health centers of Qom city and according to the research literature in the field of single subject designs, 3 subjects were considered for the implementation of the treatment protocol. Data was collected using the Kiddie schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia- Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), Attentional Control Scale for Children (ACS-C) and Dot Probe Task. The treatment protocol included 8 weekly individual sessions with children and 2 sessions with parents too. Data was analyzed using visual analysis, percentage of improvement and effect size (Cohen's d). The findings show that all three subjects had an increasing trend in attentional control and a decreasing trend in attention bias, so that the metacognitive therapy for children with the effect size (d=0/51) was an effective treatment in increasing children's attentional control. As well as, this treatment was effective in reducing attention bias towards threat with effect size (d= 3/37). Based on the results of this research, metacognitive therapy for children can be an effective Therapy in increasing attentional control and reducing attention bias towards threat in children with anxiety disorders.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of unified transdiagnostic group therapy on cognitive emotional regulation in patients with anxiety disorders. The current research was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population of the research included all individuals with anxiety disorders referred to one of the clinics in Mashhad, who had been referred to this clinic for treatment from October to December 2022. 30 participants in this research were selected from about 100 patients by voluntary sampling method and were replaced in two experimental and control groups. Subjects in two stages of pre-test and post-test with Anxiety Inventory (BAI) Beck et al. (1988) and DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria, Persian version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-P) Garnefski & Kraaij (2006) were measured. The intervention group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes as one session per week of unified transdiagnostic treatment. Data analysis was done using multivariate covariance analysis. Data analysis showed that by controlling the effect of the pre-test, there was a significant difference at the level of 0/05 between the post-test mean of cognitive emotional regulation including self-blame, rumination, catastrophizing, other-blame, acceptance, positive refocusing, refocus on planning, positive reappraisal and putting in the two experimental and control groups. Therefore, it can be concluded that group-based Unified transdiagnostic therapy can be effective in cognitive-emotional regulation.

The aim of this study was to determine the interactive and individual characteristics of preschool children with anxiety disorders based on developmental, individual differences, relationship based model. The research method was concurrent-nested mixed. The statistical population of the study all 4 to 6 years old children who were diagnosed with anxiety disorders based on the anxiety screening plan in 1399-1400 in Kashmer city. among them 19 children were selected by purposeful sampling. Qualitative data were collected through interviews with children and parents and quantitative data were collected through Ghanbari maternal caregiving quality (1390), Luyten parental reflection function (2013), Dunn sensory profile (1999) and Greenspan functional-emotional developmental questionnaire (2001) and quantitative information by Cut point and qualitative information by content analyzes method were analyzed. The results showed that there are three differences between quantitative and qualitative data: Quantitative information of 26% of the sample, which indicated poor sensory registration in anxious children, contradicts with qualitative results of sensory hyperresponsiveness in these children, and also in Maternal reflection Performanc and subscale of ambiguity of the Maternal Care Quality Questionnaire of the most of samples there was no disorder that is in contrast with quality data. The differences obtained are not a reason for the superiority of the quantitative or qualitative method is in line with the DIR approach the results are complementary and show more details of the individual and interactive characteristics of anxious children.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment on the social skills of students with anxiety disorders and the self-efficacy of their mothers. This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group with one-month and three-month follow-up, which was practical in purpose. The statistical population included all female students aged 8 to 10 years in the academic year 2020-2021 in Tehran and their mothers. Using the available sampling method, 30 anxious schoolgirls were identified and randomly divided into two groups (15 in the control group and 15 in the experimental group). The instrument used in this study was Gresham and Elliott’s Social Skills Questionnaire (SSRS), Spence Children’s Anxiety Questionnaire (SCAS), Teacher Report Form (TRF), and Dumka Patents Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSAM), which were completed by the students and mothers before and after the intervention, and after the follow-ups. Then, the experimental group participated in the intervention for 15 sessions of 60 minutes each. Finally, data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 24) and ANOVA with repeated measures. The results showed that the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment had a significant effect on improving social skills, reducing children's behavior problems, and increasing mothers’ self-efficacy. It appears that the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment can be used as a means to improve students’ social skills and their mothers’ self-efficacy.

Anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric disorders that impose a lot of suffering for patients and costs for communities. Thus, identifying the vulnerability factors of these disorders is necessary. The aim of this study was to evaluation of General and Specific vulnerability factors of anxiety disorders within the framework of a structural model.

420 students from universities in Tehran were selected by convenience sampling and responses to NEO Five-Factor Inventory, Anxiety Control Questionnaire-revised, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, Anxiety Sensitivity Index, disgust sensitivity scale, Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale, Generalized anxiety disorders questionnaire-IV, Albany Panic and Phobia Questionnaire and fear survey schedule-II. Data analysis was performed using path analysis.

Based on the findings of this study, neuroticism can be described as a biological vulnerability (β = 0.17, 0.10, 0.05, 0.10 ) and the lack of perceived control as General psychological vulnerability (β = 0.15, 0.10, 0.04, 0.16 ) factor. for anxiety disorders. On the other hand, extraversion can be considered as a biological vulnerability to social anxiety disorder (β = - 0.23). As well as the results of this study led to the identification of specific vulnerability factor of each of the anxiety disorders.

Based on the findings of this study can be considered the Triple Vulnerability Model suitable framework to explain the etiology of anxiety disorders.

The aim of this research was studying the psychometric properties of the Youth Anxiety Measure - DSM-5.

400 people were selected through multistage cluster sampling including 8-15 old youth schooling in one of the Urmia public schools and responded to the questionnaires YAM-5, Anxiety Sensitivity of Reiss et al. (1986), Spence Children Anxiety Scale (SCAS). The datas were analyzed by tests of pearson correlation coefficient, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and SPSS and LISREL softwares.

Correlation coefficient of YAM-5 ̍s components with of other questionnaires showed appropriate concurrent criterion validity. The scale cronbach̍s alpha (0.89) and the scope of values for coefficients of internal consistency, split-half and test-retest of the components (0.60 to 0.90) indicated optimal internal consistency and reliability for the scale and it̍s subscales. The results of the exploratory factor analysis showed ten factors with eigenvalue higher than one that alltogether were explaining %48.64 of the total variance. The general fit indices implied to the optimal fitness of ten-factor model of this measure.

This mean can be utilised for measuring and diagnosing the anxiety disorders in the Iranian sample.

The experience of divorce and parental death can lead to many psychological and behavioral problems in children. The aim of this study is to compare the symptoms of anxiety disorders, emotion expression and social acceptance in students of div-orced households, parental death and nor-mal student. The research method was causal-comparative. In this study, 71 divorced children and 63 children with parental death experience were randomly selected and 134 normal children were randomly selected and they were Screened for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders, Emotion Expression Scale and Social Acceptance Scale were used for data collection. The Two-Way MANCOVA was used to analyze the data.The results showed that the symptoms of anxiety disorders and problem in emotio-nal expression in [0] children of the divo-rce and students with parental death exper-ience were higher than normal children. Also, the mean of anxiety disorders and problem in emotional expression in div-orce female children were higher than male children. In addition, the mean of social acceptance in divorce children were lower than normal children. Based on the results, using the psychological trainings and therapies to reduce psychological problems (especially anxiety disorders, problem in emotional expression and social acceptance) in students who have experienced parental divorce and parental death experience are suggested

The purpose of current study was to investigate the relationship of parent-child relationship and attachment to god with anxiety disorders. Also the mediating role of self-esteem and perceived control was examined.

The sample included 270 female students in elementary schools (grade fifth and sixth) in Esfahan. In order to assess the variables, questionnaires Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotion Disorders (SCARED) (Birmaher, 1997), self-esteem (Rosenberg, 1989), Anxiety Control for Children- short form (ACQ-C) (Weems, 2005), parent-child relationship scale (PCRS) (Fine, Moreland & Schwebel, 1983) and attachment to god (Ghobari Bonab & Hadadi Koohsar, 1390) were used. To study the fitness of the proposed model, structural equation modeling (SEM) and AMOS 20 were used.

Structural equation modeling (SEM) Results showed that self-esteem and perceived control mediated the relationship between relationship with father and anxiety. But, the association between relationship with mother and attachment to god with anxiety was direct and self-esteem and perceived control did not have any mediating role in these relations. With regard to analysis, increase in attachment to god, resulted in increase in anxiety. While, increase in relationship with mother reduced child's score of anxiety. Increase in relationship with father resulted in increase in both children's self-esteem and perceived control, which then declined child's anxiety.

Enhancing relationship with mother directly reduce child's score of anxiety. While enhancing relationship with father increases children's self-esteem and perceived control, which then declines child's anxiety. Also increase in attachment to god directly results in increasing children's anxiety.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in reducing symptoms of anxiety disorders in sexually-abused students. The research method was semi experimental with pretest and posttest with control group. Fourteen adolescent girls who were sexually abused at the age of 12 to 18 years old were selected through convenient sampling and randomly assigned into the two experimental and control groups. Data in pretest were obtained by using the screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders-71 (SCARED-71). Then the EMDR therapy was performed for the experimental group through 5 to 8 sessions and at the end, a posttest was taken by all subjects of the experimental and control groups. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance. The results revealed that the therapy is effective for reducing anxiety disorders including panic, GAD, OCD and PTSD in sexually-abused students. Therefore, we conclude that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is effective to ameliorate this group of disorders.

Social and cultural context have a direct impact not only on the signs and symptoms of mental disorders, but also on their emergence and development. Anxiety disorders are one of the most common psychiatric disorders which largely affected by race, ethnicity and cultural factors. With regard to the growing view of the DSM toward culture, there are evidences of the effects of culture and the socio-cultural view on psychopathology in each revision of the DSM. In the present article, which is a review article, cultural differences in anxiety disorders have been discussed. In this regard, two components of cultural factors have been investigated: (1) ethnopsychology/ ethnophysiology factors that refer to the beliefs of each cultural group toward the body functions; and (2) contextual factors which might be responsible for cultural differences in experiencing of anxiety. In this regard, this research includes: a discussion on the role of stigma in anxiety disorders; an evaluation of the reliability and diagnostic accuracy of panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder from the perspective of cross-cultural researches; a discussion on the changes in DSM-5 regarding cultural issues in anxiety disorders, and also on the researches conducted in Iran. Finally, it can be concluded that by improving the existing classification system, DSM diagnostic sensitivity can be increased to the intra-cultural anxiety disorders – a problem that requires more cross-cultural researches on anxiety disorders.

This study sought to determine the relationship between early maladaptive schemas, maternal attachment styles and anxiety disorders in children. The design of the present study was correlational and descriptive. The population of the study comprised the entire eight- to thirteen-year-old primary school boys and their mothers in the academic year 2015-2016 in District one of Tehran. Convenience sampling was utilized and 140 students alongside their mothers were selected. In the next step, the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED) was administered to the students. In addition, the mothers were evaluated with the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF) as well as Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) (Hazan & Shaver, 1987). The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariable regression. Results showed that abandonment schema and secure attachment of mothers were associated with anxiety disorders in children and could also predict the dependent variable. Accordingly, clinical experts need to focus attention on the findings of this study as secondary preventive measures in counseling and psychotherapy.

Aim: Investigating the efficacy of "Coping Cat Protocol" on somatic complains of girls and boys with anxiety and depression disorders and comorbidity of them.
The experimental method was performed via two stages of pre and post-test.
Sample group consisted of 80 (40 females and 40 males) third through fifth grades primary school students who were diagnosed to have anxiety disorders, depression or comorbidity with clinical interview based on DSM and somatic complains based on Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) of Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA; Achenbach and Rescorla, 2001). The participants randomly assigned to two equally experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 16 individual therapy sessions. The post-test means of two groups were compared using analysis of covariance.
The results indicated that somatic complains were significantly decreased in experimental group, and these results were reliable after 6 months of follow up, while gender was not effective in pre-test comparing to post-test results.
Importance of cognitive-behavior therapy based on Coping Cat Program on anxiety and depression disorders and comorbidity of them in children was salient.

Clinical psychologists tend to differentiate somatization and anxiety disorder. The main aims of this study were comparison of the ego defense styles among patients with somatization، anxiety disorders and normal subjects. The study population consisted all of patients with somatization and anxiety disorders referred to public and private clinics in Tehran in 1391، as well as، normal people living in this city. to achieve these goals، 90 participants (30 patients with somatization، 30 patients with anxiety، and 30 normal individuals) who were selected by purposeful sampling and answered to Defensive Styles Questionnaire (DSQ). In addition، normal group answered Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and the post-hoc test. The findings showed significantly differences in the mature ego defense style for 3 groups. In addition، there were significantly differences in the immature and neurotic defense styles between normal، anxiety and somatization groups. However، there were no differences in mature and neurotic defense styles between anxiety and somatization groups. Based on research finding we can use defense mechanisms to differentiate between patients with somatization and anxiety disorder. These results suggest that ego defense styles should be considered as a focus of clinical attention in the treatment of physical disorders and anxiety.

Regarding the high prevalence of Autistic Spectrum Traits (AST) among people with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and simultaneity of anxiety disorders in individual with high level of Autism spectrum traits as well, this study was conducted to investigate the simple and multiple relationships of autistic spectrum traits and obsessive-compulsive disorder among secondary school girl students in Yazd. The population of current research included all of the girl students of secondary school in Yazd. The samples include 250 students who were chosen by multistage random sampling method. Autism spectrum Quotient (AQ) and OCD sub scale of SCL-90. Data were analyzed by multiple regressions. The results indicated that %10 of obsessive-compulsive variance was explained by autistic traits. Attention switching and communication emerged as the strongest predictors of obsessive-compulsive in students. Autism spectrum traits are prevalent in OCD and seem to be associated with the co-morbidities as well as the OCD syndrome itself.