جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « non » در نشریات گروه « روانشناسی »

The aim of the present research was the comparison of characteristic and types of personality between the athletes of contact and non- contact sport majors. It was a type of scientific-comparative research and its statistical population consisted of the professional sport activities in 2015. The forenamed samples consisted of 120 persons, including 2 groups 60 member’s athletes of contact and non- contact sport majors, which were opted by the way of accessible sampling technique the research instruments were Big Five Personality Factor Inventory (NEO-PI-R) (Costa & McCrae, 1985), and A/B Personality Type Questionnaire (Friedman & Roseman, 1963), which were completed by the participants. Data was analyzed using independent t-test, and analysis of covariance in SPSS23. The results implied that in personality types of Big Five Personality Factor Inventory (there are a significant difference between the contact/non-contact group’s depressions.) The scores of the contact sport player in depression variable is more than the scores of the non-contact sport player (p=0/020). Furthermore, according to this results there is a significant difference between the contact/ non- contact groups personality types (P=0/039). In personality types the non- contact sport major player’s score is more than the contact sport major players.

Schizophrenic patients have so many problems in the cognition especially in the social cognition .Recent research compares the relationship between the negative symptoms of schizophrenia and the ability in the recognition of negative facial expressions. In this casual-comparative research, 15 paranoid schizophrenic patients, 15 non-paranoid schizophrenic patients, 30 peers of schizophrenic and 30 healthy people were selected while available. .This test is a soft ware which displays 14 pictures for less than 1 second. The results of research were analyzed by SPSS 16 software through multi variation of analysis (MANOVA). Non-paranoid schizophrenic patients have less ability in identifying facial expressions than peers (p

The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate family functioning in families with a member suffering from headache and families without this situation. The participants in this study were 124 patients who were suffering from recurring headaches and chronic headaches, 69 patients had chronic headache and 55 patients suffering from recurring headaches. In the control group, there was 53 individuals had not a history of severe headaches. Participants of this study who chose in neurology clinics was sampled as in access participants. They complete demographic questionnaire and Family Assessment Device (FAD), and MANOVA (multivariate analysis of variance) test performed for this goal. Results showed that there was significant difference between chronic headache, non-chronic headache, and control group (p .

Considering to significance of psychological factors in occurrence of physical pain, the current research has been conducted for the purpose of comparing mindfulness and self-regulation in women with non-cardiac chest pain and normal in Tehran city.
The methodology of this research was causal-comparative design. Hence, the research sample including 60 non-cardiac chest pain diagnosed women among referrals of two hospitals and cardiac clinics were selected by accessibility sampling Method and the sample of the healthy group also including: 60 women of accompanying the patients and the personnel of mentioned hospitals without any chest-pain who have certain criteria to participate in research. The subjects responded to two questionnaires including mindful attention awareness scale (Brown & Ryan, 2003) and Self-regulation scale (Ibanez & etal). Research data were analyzed by multi variables Covariance analysis test.
The results of analysis demonstrated significant difference in average values of mindfulness, self-regulation and its components contain positive action, controllability, expression of feeling ,assertiveness & well-being seeking between women with non-cardiac chest pain and normal (P
These findings showed that mindfulness and Self-regulation has relationship to non-cardiac chest pain. These results have important implications about these structures and importance of therapeutic interventions for these patents.

The aim of this study was to examine the causal relationship model of family environment and classroom environment with aggressive behavior at school through loneliness, non-conformist ideal reputation and attitude toward authority. The participants of this study were 343 of the second grade high school students of Poldokhtar public schools who were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling. They completed "What is happening in this classroom?" Questionnaire, Family Environment Scale, The Aggression Scale, Loneliness Scale, Self-perception of Reputation, and Attitude to Institutional Authority Scale. In this study, the fitness of the proposed model was examined through path analysis. The findings indicated that proposed model by performing a modification showed good fitness with the data (χ2/df=1.14, GFI=0.97, CFI=0.96, AGFI=0.94, IFI=0.98, RMSEA= 0.05). Also, the results showed that the family environment and the classroom environment through the influence of loneliness, attitudes toward authority, and non-conformist ideal were predictors of aggressive behavior at school. Based on these results, it can be claimed that aggressive behaviors can be predicted with respect to a variety of attitudes and feelings that a person is involved in family and the classroom.

This study aimed to compare the early maladaptive schemas in non-clinical anxious, depressed and healthy individuals. The study type was causal-comparative. The study sample included 600 female students (200 anxious, 200 depressed, and 200 healthy) who were selected from high school of Chaypareh city by purposeful sampling method. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to analyze the data. Based on the findings, depressed patients in comparison with the other two groups had significantly higher strict criteria schemas. On the other hand, depressed and anxious individuals got higher scores in the dependence/ incompetence schema, in comparison with the healthy students. Based on the findings of this study, concentrating on understanding predictive factors of early maladaptive schemas in treatment and counseling interventions of people with depression and anxiety can form an important part of their treatment.

Aim: the aim of this study is determine the sensitivity Digit Span, Word Span, Non-Word Span tests on Assessment of working memory in children and the psychometric properties of these tests.
Ex post facto research method and the population of all elementary school students of Tehran district one and the number was 83345 people. Among them through purposeful sampling, 178 male and female students studying In the second semester 2014-15 at elementary schools of Tehran district one (Including schools: Farzandan Iran zamin, Farzane 2, Edalat 1, Zahha) With regard to the criteria for entry and exit Research Including lack of psychiatric drugs, lack of physical illness and informed consent to participate in the study were selected. The Research tools include tests: Digit Span (Gathercole & Pickering, 2000), word (Marconi, Ott, Pesenti, Ratti & Tavella, 1993) and nonword (Gathercole, Willis, Baddeley & Emsile, 1994). Data using discriminant analysis and analysis of multivariate variance were analyzed.
The results showed that non-word span test had the highest correlation with diagnostic function and is more reliable in recognizing the dextrally (F = 14.31, P According to the results of this study, non-word span test included better psychometric features comparing with span word and digit span tests. This test could be used in research and clinical settings.

Behavioral disorder in childhood is a very important topic that can underlie the disorders in Adulthood. The present study aim to study the effectiveness of non-directive play therapy in reduction behavioral disorders in preschool children. The study was a semi-experimental design with pre-posttest design with control group. The study sample was all preschool children with behavioral disorders in Kermanshah, that with available sampling method 20 children with behavioral disorders were selected by using a questionnaire of behavioral disorders of preschool children of Shahim & Yousefi (1999). And randomly into two groups: experimental (n=10) and control (n=10) were replaced. 8 sessions of non-directive play therapy with Kaduson & Schaefer (2001) method was administered to experimental group, While the control group did not receive the intervention, At the end of the intervention, both groups were evaluated again by the test .The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The results showed that the non-directive play therapy was effective in reduction behavioral problems in preschool children(P

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of subliminal emotional experiences in personal and impersonal moral judgment. A total number of 35 students (20 females and 15 males) from Kharazmi University were selected using random sampling and were individually induced by subliminal neutral, positive, and negative emotional experiences. After each emotion induction stage, the subjects responded to two personal and impersonal moral stories. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measures. The results showed that the induction of subliminal positive and negative emotional experience lead to non-utilitarianism in personal moral judgment but have no effect on impersonal moral judgment. The results reflect the significant role of emotional experiences in moral judgment based cognitive processes.

Learning disorders could be prevented if identified before the elementary school; otherwise, they will bring about irremediable damages. Sensory integration refers to the reception and processing of the seven sense's information (motion, touch, pressure, vision, hearing, taste, and smelling). In a learning disorder, sensory information is not carefully processed; therefore, one could treat a series of writing, reading and spelling disabilities as well as mathematical disorders by coordinating eyes and hands and motion control, etc. Spatial thinking exercises aim to boost children's ability for spatial and visual perception, establishing necessary coordination among the eyes, hands and other senses. In this technique, the statistical population of children with learning disorder was provided with sensory integration training and spatial thinking exercises for 2 months. The results suggest that sensory integration training and spatial thinking exercises lead to improved non-verbal intelligence in the children with learning disorder.

The purpose of this study was to compare the selected mental skills of elite and nonelite armed forces athletes with the national elite athlete's ones.
The research method is descriptive and causal-comparative. One hundred forty one elite and non-elite martial athletes were selected randomly from the relevant communities, then answered to the Ottawa Mental Skills Assessment Tools version 3. This questionnaire assesses 12 mental skills in three categories including foundation skills, psychosomatic skills and cognitive skills. The data was analyzed by using the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and t-tests by using SPSS 18 software.
The results showed that in terms of 8 mental skills including self-confidence, commitment, goal setting, relaxation, activation, imagery, mental practice and competition planning the armed forces elite athletes in comparison with non-elite athletes had significantly higher scores. But, in four mental skills including fear control, stress reaction, focusing and refocusing, there were no significant differences between them. Whiles, in terms of stress reaction and focusing mental skills the national elite athletes in comparison with non-elite athletes had significantly higher scores.
These findings indicate that the high levels of elite player's mental skills will probably be one of the reasons for their success in the tournaments. According to the results of this study, we recommend the coaches of armed forces to use the mentioned mental skills in non-elite armed forces athletes to improve their performances. Also it is recommended that elite athletes should improve their fear control, stress reaction, focusing and refocusing mental skills in order to achieve better performance and maintain their skill level.

Recent sophisticated studies have shown that couples premarital relationships can predict the future marital satisfaction. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between the two mating types (traditional and non-traditional) with marital satisfaction. Mixed method research including both qualitative and quantitative parts was used in this study.
In quantitative part, Questionnaire data were collected for 150 individuals with random sampling who were in the time between 2 to 7 years after their marriage. They were asked to fill out the Enrich marital satisfaction inventory. We used intentionally sampling in qualitative part to choose people with the purpose of meeting specified prescribed criteria. In this part 12 individuals were interviwed.
Findings: Results of Analyzing the data by descriptive statistic methods, show no significance differences in marital satisfaction between these two groups. But the data were collected from qualitative part show that that non-traditional marriages are at greater risk for low marital satisfaction than traditional marriages and the ones who get married based on traditional mating, have higher scores in most subscales including secure attachment, communication, religiosity and role-acceptance.
types of mating are related to the future marital satisfaction and people can choose their spouses in the better way in order to achieve higher level of marital satisfaction.

The aim of present study is comparing of work-family conflict and marital adjustment in shift and non-shift male employees in south oil company. 322 male shift and non-shift employees were selected randomly in south oil company by 2014. For gathering data used three questio-nnaires, including, demographic questionnaire, work-family questioner, and Dual adjustment satisfaction. For analyzing data used the t test for in -depended groups. The findings showed that shift personnel’s had lower marital satisfaction and higher levels of work-conflicts than non-shift personnel’s did. The conclusion reveled that the shift employees had experienced the hard work conditions and had more stress than the non-shifts group. Family counseling interventions could be helpful for reducing the level of work-conflict issues and bring them the mental well being as well.

Advancement in information technology and communication are the tools that improve the relationship between organizations and stakeholders. In fact, technological advancement has changed the boundary of traditional jobs in terms of period of time and place that a task should be accomplished. Teleworking is one of these changes that is based on using computer to handle the tasks out of the office. Current study evaluated job satisfaction and productivity of teleworking and non-teleworking employees in a statistical population of all the staff of Ministry of Cooperation, Labor and Social Welfare by adapting Dante’s job satisfaction questionnaire and Hersi and Gold Smith productivity questionnaire to compare a sample of 240 people that was chosen by random, consisted of 120 in-office staff and 120 telecommunication staff working in this Ministry. The research method used was descriptive and the data were analyzed by applying the discriminate function. The results illustrate that the achieved discriminate function in both teleworking and non-teleworking employees have the suitable distinguishing power to predict the variance, also the average of job satisfaction and job productivity in teleworkers are more than those of non-teleworkers.

This study compared the learning styles, study styles and time management in gifted and non-gifted students. This research is descriptive-comparison. Simple random sampling was used to select a sample of 100 students from gifted and non-gifted Kurdistan University are eligible for this research were randomly selected. for data gathering,Vermont and Van Ryjsvyk Learning style questionnaire (ILS),a Marton and Sljv study approaches questionnaire and, Bryton and Tesr management time inventory and demographic characteristics questionnaire was used. For data analysis using SPSS software and descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used. showed that between gifted and non-gifted students learning styles and study styles there was significant difference, but the two groups were not significantly different in terms of efficient use of time. It is a time management workshops and teaching effective learning and study strategies by educational and counseling services to students by the university authorities to take action to occur.

If a marriage occurs correctly, it will raise some given rights and commitments for couples. In personal marriage such as matrimony, some of these rights are non-financial and commitments. Discontinuous matrimony is not excluded from this issue and by approving it, couple undertake some rights that dissolution right through man and woman's fault and also durationmunificence right is their responsibility. However, Iran's lawmaker and hereafter, lawyers have neglected of exact, and explicit explaining. It seems that with regard to this kind of matrimony's extension in modern society and available legal spaces for discontinuous matrimony and its results, council agents should persist in compiling explicit and clear legal provisions in order to express the results of this marriage that among them is non-financial rights of couple, until people can conclude sentences and this marriage results with full understanding. An answer which can be argued in generalis that we can also transmit continual marriage dissolution instances to discontinuous matrimony based on the fat that there is no forced loss in Islam as a rile. Also, according to jurisprudence rules, duration munificence right can be granted to couple under some conditions. Particularly for each right, there are questions, legal ambiguities and different opinions. This article aims to address these points in details.

The aim of the present study was to investigate different aspects of identity among the students of high schools in Hamadan with a focus on the role of IQ. The statistical universe included all the Third Grade male students who were studying at high schools of Hamadan. The samples included 200 cases (100 gifted and 100 non-gifted) that were selected by multistage cluster sampling. The revised identity style questionnaire was the devices used in this study. Multivariate Analysis of Variance was applied for the purpose of data analysis. findings of the study indicated that: regarding the three sub-scales of information، normative and commitment identity style، the gifted group had (got) higher means compared to the non-gifted group. This is while the non-gifted group showed a higher mean in the sub-scale of diffuse/avoidance. These findings، On the whole، prove better identity status among the gifted students in comparison to the non-gifted group.

The aim of the present study was Explain the difference of Behavioral disorders, social skills, family process, family content, creativity and intelligence of Popular and unpopular children who are 4 to 6 years in Shiraz. The sample of the study consisted of 187 children. Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), wineland social skills scale, Torrance Visual Creativity questionnaire, Wechsler Intelligence Scale test and family context and content were used in this study. All used instruments were valid and reliable. The results of independent t-test showed significant differences in all aspects of social skills, behavioral disorders, family content and family process, intelligence and creativity between popular and unpopular children. In Sum, the result revealed that psychologically and socially there are significant differences between popular and unpopular students.

The present research was carried out to study the diligence of non-runaway girls in the usage of coping strategies. The type of the research is post hoc. 37 runaway girls, who were incarcerated and kept by relevant organizations, were selected via convenience sampling. Considering the mean age of the runaway girls, 37 single females residing in middle to low socioeconomic neighborhoods in Shiraz, were selected as the control group. The Coping Strategies Questionnaire (Kaver et al., 1989), Occupational Prestige Scale along with a number demographic questions was administered on the participants. The data were analyzed by applying Covariance statistical method. Results showed that there were significant differences between runaway and non - runaway girls in problem- and emotion- oriented coping strategies (P<0.0001). It means that the runaway girls compared with the non-runaway girls, were using less problem- and emotion- oriented coping strategies in facing with stress.

This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of motivational interviewing in reducing the of Substance Users’ impulsivity who were under the Methadone Treatment. In a semi-experimental study، 40 methadone users of one of the addiction treatment centers in Yazd city were selected through availability sampling method and were then divided into two experimental and control group of twenty. In both groups two variables، age and economic satisfaction، were under control. In this research Barrat Impulsivity Scale was used to obtain the data. The experimental group underwent seven 90 minute sessions of motivational interviewing. Following the intervention، the two groups completed the above-mentioned scale as the post test. The post test revealed that motivational interviewing had an effect in reducing cognitive، motor impulsivity and non-planning in the subjects of the experimental group. Results of the study showed that motivational interviewing could significantly decrease cognitive، motor impulsivity and non-planning in experimental group in comparison to the control group.