جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "risky behavior" در نشریات گروه "روانشناسی"

This research examines the role of parental acceptance or rejection (as an interpersonal variable) along with mentalization (as an intrapersonal variable) in the occurrence of high-risk behaviors. The population was students aged 15 to 18 living in Tehran with their parents. The sample size was determined according to Cochran's formula and 310 people were selected by the available method. The data collection tool was the short form of Parental Rejection and Acceptance Questionnaire (PARQ), Iranian Adolescent Riskiness Scale (IARS) and Adolescent Reflective Action Questionnaire (RFQ). After collecting the data, they were analyzed using hierarchical regression. The findings showed the moderating role of mentalization certainty with parental rejection in the occurrence of high-risk behaviors and that at high levels of parental rejection (father or mother), the increase in mentalization certainty is associated with the occurrence of high-risk behaviors; while at a low level of parental rejection, this relationship is inverse and a low level of mentalization certainty leads to a high level of risky behavior.

It is important to identify the causes of risky behaviors in adolescents, which may occur for different reasons. The research aimed to predict risky behaviors in adolescents based on anxiety sensitivity and interpersonal trust with the mediation of self-acceptance.Research The present study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the study included all adolescents aged 14 to 18 years in Tehran in the academic year of 2017-2018, from which 500 people were selected by convenience sampling from schools. The study tools included the Risky Behaviors Questionnaire by Mohammadkhani; Unconditional Self-Acceptance Questionnaire by Chamberlain & Haaga, Anxiety Sensitivity Index by Reiss et al., and Mental Toughness Questionnaire by Clough et al. (2002). For data analysis, structural equation modeling was used. The path coefficient between anxiety sensitivity and risky behaviors with the mediation of conditional acceptance (β=.074) and the path coefficient between anxiety sensitivity and risky behaviors with the mediation of unconditional acceptance (β=.087) was positive and significant. The path coefficient between interpersonal trust and risky behaviors with the mediation of conditional acceptance (β=-.034) and the path coefficient between interpersonal trust and risky behaviors with the mediation of unconditional acceptance (β=-.054) was negative and significant. The results of the present study showed that self-acceptance mediates the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and interpersonal trust with risky behaviors in adolescents. It is suggested to reduce the occurrence of risky behaviors by giving value to adolescents and creating reliable links for them. It is also suggested to pay attention to the level of anxiety sensitivity of adolescents with high-risk behavior in counseling and psychotherapy.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the psychometric properties and factor structure of the risky, impulsive and self-destructive behavior and affective triggers of risky behavior questionnaire. In an analytical cross-sectional study, 401 adults were selected from the general population of Kermanshah (n=201) and Sanandaj (n=200) and were assessed using the Risky, Impulsive, and Self-Destructive Behavior Questionnaire (2017) and the Impulsive Behavior Scale (2014). Data were analyzed using correlation tests and confirmatory factor analysis using SPSS-26 and Mplus-8 software. Cronbach's alpha and split-half coefficient of the three main parts of the questionnaire (risky behavior, negative affective motivation and positive affective motivation) were 0.91 and 0.91, 0.93 and 0.91, and 0.93 and 0.92, respectively. The factor structure of the risky behavior (RMSEA=0.02, CFI=0.98, TFI=0.98), negative affective motivation (RMSEA=0.05, CFI=0.93, TFI=0.93) and positive affective motivation (RMSEA=0.03, CFI=0.96, TFI=0.96) parts was approved. Positive correlations between risky behaviors and impulsivity dimensions indicated the criterion validity of the questionnaire. The results showed the reliability and validity of the risky, impulsive, and self-destructive behavior questionnaire and considering that it measures a wide range of risky behaviors in a relatively short time, it can be a suitable measure for research and screening.

The purpose of the present study was to structurally model risky behavior according to cerebral-behavioral systems and the dark triad of personality with the teaching of control thinking skills in secondary high school students. The research was applied and the research method was correlational through structural equation modeling and the research population consisted of all high school students in Shahin Shahr in the academic year 2020-2021, of which 505 individuals (262 boys and 243 girls) were selected through the available sampling method. The research instruments included Brain Behavioral Systems Questionnaire (BBSQ), High Risk Behaviors Questionnaire (HRBQ), Dark Trail of Personality Questionnaire (DTPQ) and Control Thought Ability Questionnaire (CTAQ). Data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling via SPSS and Amos-23. The results showed that the scores of behavioral activation and inhibition systems, the dark triad of personality (narcissism, Machiavellianism, and antisocialism) had a significant direct influence on students’ ability to control their thoughts and risky behaviors (p <0.001). moreover, the results showed that mind control ability not only has a direct effect on students’ high-risk behaviors, but also plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between brain-behavior systems and the dark triad of personality and risk behaviors of high school students. Given the significant mediating role of mind control skills, it is suggested that by influencing the cerebral-behavioral systems and the dark aspects of behavior through the teaching of mind control techniques, we can attempt to reduce the occurrence of risk behaviors.

Making decisions is an inseparable part of everyday life. Today's society makes choices between different options, consciously or unconsciously (1). However, decision-making is only sometimes a straightforward and logical process for human beings, and people can intuitively make a list of options and select among them (5, 6). Unlike the rational decision-making style, which is characterized by using an organized and logical approach to analyze information and options to make a decision, the intuitive decision-making style strongly depends on predictions, instincts, and emotions. It makes decisions, direct focus on the information flow instead of orderly processing and analyzing it; it therefore, relies on intuition (7). Rational decision-making, which requires thinking about options and considering consequences, is likely to be supported by the cognitive control system, or it may play a role in that system at least. In contrast, intuitive decision-making, in which the individual does not think during decisions, may correspond to acting in the social-emotional system that intuitively responds to the likelihood of receiving a reward (8). Therefore, in comparison to rational decision-making, it seems that intuitive decision-making is more associated with impulsive and risky behaviors (13). Furthermore, rational decision-making is likely to have a positive relationship with actual performance in daily life and personality functioning. Personality functioning, which is measured through the questionnaire of Severity Indices of Personality Problems (20), involves five areas of social concordance, relational functioning, self-control, responsibility, and identity integration that adaptive functioning in each of these areas probably requires applying rational decision-making. The present study intends to clarify the latent patterns of the relationships between variables through a latent profile analysis to have a deeper understanding of the relationship between decision-making styles, risky behavior, and personality functioning, along with applying the simple correlation.

The current research was conducted cross-sectionally in a virtual form, with 428 adults in the society participating in it. Sampling was done in late summer and early fall 2021. The sampling method was voluntary, and the link to questionnaires was provided only to those who were eager to fill them out in groups and social networks while there was no obligation to do it. After translating, reverse translating, and rechecking the text to ensure the equivalence of the Persian items with the main items of the scale of logical and intuitive decision-making style, an online version of the questionnaire along with the questionnaire of personality problem severity index and the questionnaire of impulsive, self-destructive, and risky behavior was prepared. The link to them was provided to those willing to participate in the study. This research attempted to use as few questionnaires as possible so that much time was not required to respond to them and fatigue in participants was avoided. The data collected were analyzed using latent profile analysis, Spearman and Pearson correlation tests, and confirmatory factor analysis by SPSS version 26 and Mplus version 7.

Of 428 participants in this study, 234 (54.9%) were male, 192 (44.9%) were female, 289 (68.2%) were single, and 135 (31.8%) were married. The logical style, with a mean (standard deviation) of 19.68 (4.42), was a more common decision-making style compared to the intuitive style, with a mean (standard deviation) of 15.13 (4.25). There was a significant positive correlation between the logical decision-making style and all areas of adaptive functioning of personality (from r= 0.31 to r= 0.42) and a significant negative correlation between the intuitive decision-making style and all areas of adaptive functioning of personality (from r=-0.19 to r=-0.32). Although the relationship between decision-making styles and risky behavior was weaker than the relationship between these styles and personality functioning, the relationship between rational decision-making and aggression (r=-0.16, P<0.01), gambling (r=-0.17, P<0.01), risky sexual behavior (r=-0.32, P<0.01), reckless behavior (r=-0.32, P<0.01); criminal acts (r=-0.24, P<0.01), the relationship between intuitive decision-making and aggression (r=0.17, P<0.01), self-harm (r=0.14, P<0.01), and criminal acts (r=0.19, P<0.01) were strong enough to be significant at the error level of 1%. The results of using the latent profile analysis to investigate the latent patterns of the relationship between decision-making styles and personality functioning led to the extraction of three profiles (LMR=264.66, P<0.01) that one profile (including 34% of the total individuals) was characterized with high use of intuitive decision-making and low personality functioning. Another profile (involving 27% of the total participants) was characterized by increased use of logical decision-making and high personality functioning. The third profile (involving 38% of the whole individuals) was related to individuals with average personality functioning, and rational decision-making was slightly more than intuitive decision-making in such individuals.

The findings indicated that there was mainly a positive correlation between intuitive decision-making style and risky behaviors and also a positive and negative correlation between rational decision-making style and risky behaviors. However, two points are worth considering with regard to such

first, the correlation between decision-making styles and risky behaviors is mainly weak; second, risky behaviors involve a wide range that are is not uniform and influenced by the decision-making style to a different degree. Compared to risky behaviors, the relationship between personality functioning and decision-making styles is stronger and more uniform. Firstly, these findings affirm that people's performance in a field is closely related to their performance in other fields. Secondly, decision-making styles are one of the essential factors relating to this high performance in these areas. One limitation of the present study is that it is considered exploratory and intends to investigate relationships that have been less assessed prior to this. Hence, comparing the comparison of results with those of other studies is impossible. Therefore, conducting similar research on different groups can lead to more certainty about the present research findings and the role of decision-making styles in the daily performance of people.

The purpose of the present study was the structural modeling of risky behaviors according to cerebral-behavioral systems and the dark triad of personality with the mediation of emotional creativity in secondary high school students. The research method was correlational through structural equation modeling and the research population was composed of all secondary high school students in Shahin Shahr in academic year 2020-21 from whom 550 students who had participated voluntarily were selected through available sampling method and they were asked to answer the items of the questionnaires. 505 of the answer sheets were then returned completely. The research instruments included cerebral-behavioral questionnaires (Carver and White, 1994), risky behaviors, dark personality and emotional creativity (Averill, 1999). The data analysis was conducted through Pearson correlation methods and structural equation modeling via SPSS and Amos software versions 23. The results showed that the results of behavioral activation and inhibition systems, dark triad of personality (narcissism, Machiavellianism and anti-socialism) had a significant direct effect on students' emotional creativity and high-risk behaviors (p<0.001). in addition the results also showed that the emotional creativity, to having a direct effect on students' high-risk behaviors, also has a significant mediating role in the relationship between brain-behavioral systems and dark triad of personality with high-risk behaviors in high school students. Considering the significant mediation role of emotional creativity, it is suggested to try to decrease the emergence of risky behaviors through influencing cerebral-behavioral systems and dark aspects of behavior via teaching emotion regulation skills and emotional creativity.

Considering the serious consequences of high-risk behavior for the individual and society and the importance of investigating these behaviors with valid tools, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the psychometric properties and factor structure of the high-risk, impulsive, and self-destructive behavior questionnaire and the emotional measures of high-risk behavior. In a cross-sectional analytical study, 401 adults were selected from the general population of Kermanshah (201 people) and Sanandaj (200 people) and were measured using the risky, impulsive and self-destructive behavior questionnaire and the impulsive behavior scale. The data were analyzed by applying correlation tests and confirmatory factor analysis and using SPSS-26 and Mplus-7 software. Cronbach's alpha and halving coefficient of three parts of risky behavior, negative emotional motivation and positive emotional motivation were 0.91, 0.91, 0.93, 0.91, 0.93 and 0.92, respectively. The factor structure of risky behavior part (RMSEA=0.02, CFI=0.98, TFI=0.98), negative emotional motivation (RMSEA=0.05, CFI=0.93, TFI=0.93) and positive emotional motivation (RMSEA=0.03, CFI=0.96, TFI= 0.96) was confirmed. Positive correlations between high-risk behavior domains and impulsivity dimensions indicated the criterion validity of the questionnaire. The obtained results indicate the reliability and validity of the questionnaire, and considering that this tool measures a wide range of high-risk behaviors despite being relatively short, it can be a suitable tool for use in research and screening.

The results of studies have shown that insecure attachment is related to risky behaviors. But the underlying mechanism of this relationship has not been investigated. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the mediating role of reflective functioning in the relationship between insecure attachment styles and risky behaviors.

This study was a descriptive-correlation research. The studied sample included the students of Tehran. The studied sample included the students of Tehran. Among them, 329 were selected through available sampling. Subjects completed reflective functioning scale, insecure attachment styles, and high-risk behavior questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Spss-24 and AMOS software. The path analysis method was used to analyze the data.

The results showed the direct effect of reflective functioning on risky behaviors. Also, the mediating role of reflective functioning between attachment styles and risky behaviors was significant.

Based on the findings, it can be concluded that insecure attachment along with reflective functioning play an important role in the formation of risky behaviors of students. For this reason, psychotherapeutic interventions are of special importance to prevent the formation of these risky behaviors.

Research has shown that personality traits and excitement play a role in the tendency of young people to high-risk behaviors. The purpose of this study was to determine the Role of Tetrad dark-sides Personality, Emotion Seeking in the Prediction of Tendency towards High Risk Behaviors in Tabriz Youth. In this descriptive-correlational study, 350 young people (20-35 years old) in Tabriz were selected by targeted method and responded to the questionnaires of high-risk behaviors, quadruple dark character and Zuckerman's excitement dimensions. Multiple regression analysis showed that, in total, the dark trait of Machiavellian personality, anti-Semitism and sadism and excitement are capable of combining 34 percent of the variance of high-risk behaviors significantly. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that people of Machiavella are more likely to behave in such a way as cheating, bullying, abuse of others in personal relationships, deceit and fraud, financial crimes, immorality and lack of attention to norms, fraud and theft, lying and self-righteousness In virtual spaces, interpersonal aggression and betrayal take on interpersonal relationships and commitments. Likewise, people in the opposing community have the characteristics of abusing interpersonal relationships, theft and illegal behavior, causing physical harm to others and others, suicide. Individuals of sadism also have characteristics such as unreliability, lack of empathy, lack of honesty and antisocial tendencies. Excited people have a lot of self-awareness and, in fact, have a deep understanding of emotions, weaknesses, and strengths, their needs and tastes.

This research examined efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction group training on aggression and risky behavior in orphan male adolescents. This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pre-test and post-test design with control group. Two centers were randomly selected among the orphan care centers for adolescent boys in Mashhad. Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire and Adolescent Risk-taking Questionnaire were collected from the members of these two centers. Those with a higher score on aggression and risk-taking behavior were studied. 16 person were selected as the experimental and control groups and randomly assigned to two groups. The experimental group received mindfulness-based stress reduction for eight 90-minute sessions and the control group was placed on the waiting list. Both groups received post-test and a Multivariate Analysis of Covariance applied on the collected dataset. Results of a MANCOVA analysis indicated that a group training mindfulness-based stress reduction significantly reduced average scores of adolescent’s aggression and risky behaviors. This study showed that mindfulness-based stress reduction group training as an effective treatment could be useful for orphan adolescents who are suffering from high risky behaviors such as delinquency and physical and verbal aggression due to lack of family support network.

Risk behaviors are more common in HIV-positive population than general population and are affected by various factors such as biological factors, lifestyle, family functioning and etc.. The aim of this research is to investigate how family functioning leads to risk behaviors in this population.
This research was conducted on 147 HIV-positive individuals and we used convenience sampling for data gathering. Sample size was chosen based on the questionnaire's subscales. We used Risk Behaviors Scale (RBS), FACESS, HPLP and balloon analogue risk test (BART), to assess risky decision making. The data were analyzed using Lisrel software and structural equation modeling method.
Findings: Findings suggests that there is a negative and meaningful relationship between family functioning and risk behaviors and un-direct effects were found because of two mediator factors of lifestyle and risky decision making.
Whatever family functioning becomes ameliorated, lifestyle improves and risky decision making declines and the possibility of risk behaviors will be reduced. Targeting family factors can be helpful to the interventions designed to reduce risk behaviors of HIV infected individuals.

The Purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between high-risk driving behavior and identity styles. The Manchester Driving Behavior Questionnaire and Berzonsky’s Identity Style Questionnaire were used. The sample consisted of 150 undergraduate male and female students of Roudehen Islamic Azad University, (except the students in Psychology and education), in the academic years of 2012-2013. The sample was selected by random cluster sampling. Regression analysis of the data indicated a correlation between identity style and landslides variable of high risk driving. However, only the information-orientation identity style had negative correlations with four components of the Manchester Driving Behavior Questionnaire (landslides, intentional violations, errors, unintentional violations).

Adolescence is one of the most challenging periods of human life. Personal، biological and psychological experiences cause extreme changes in this period of life. During these changes adolescences discover new and different behavioral and emotional stimuli for their adulthood. The main purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between sensation seeking، decision-making styles and risky behaviors among the adolescents in Dezful city. Descriptive- correlational method was used in this study. 450 Dezful’s high school students (16. 3 and 1. 08 were the average age and standard deviation respectively) were selected through multi-stage random sampling. In this study، Young’s risky behaviors scale، Zuckerman sensation seeking scale (a 40 -item scale)، and questionnaire of general decision making styles were used. Analysis of Pearson correlation coefficient test showed that there was significant positive relationship between the risky behavior and the total score of sensation seeking and its subscales. Also، there was significant positive relationship between the risky behavior and the intuitive and dependant decision-making styles، and there was negative relation between the risky behavior and rational decision-making style. Furthermore، the intuitive and immediate decision – making styles were positively in relationship with sensation seeking and were negatively in relationship with rational decision-making style. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the sensation seeking، decision making، gender and age together can explain 40% of the changes of risky behaviors variance.