جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "فرایند یادگیری" در نشریات گروه "علوم تربیتی"

Under the influence of psychology and learning theories, education and the field of education have experienced significant changes; Thus, paying attention to the internal processes in learning provides a platform for dealing with topics such as “discussion”. The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the components of discussion skills in the form of indicators, goals and dimensions and how to use them in architectural design education. The current research strategy is of qualitative type and for data analysis meta-composition and content analysis methods have been used consecutively. The results of the coding of documentary data and interviews in NVIVO software show that the components of discussion skills include 9 indicators, 3 goals and 2 dimensions. Indicators include: “participatory discussion”, “constructivist discussion”, “discussion connection and memory function”, “discussion link and accurate expression skills”, “discussion role in professional activities”, “discussion as an oral test”, “discussion as a design language”, “discussion as an interactive aspect of the design process” and “discussion as a visual test”. The purpose of the discussion has three basic reasons: first, to inform; second, to convince; third, to solve the problem. Finally, due to the special and unique nature of the visual sense in the field of architecture, if the two dimensions of “verbal discussion” and “visual discussion” are used in teaching architectural design at the same time based on the provided educational solutions, in addition to the attractiveness of learning and its potential cognitive benefits, it causes effective areas of learning development.

The play, an integral part of the life of children, is a dynamic and complex concept, which becomes an unknown concept and action due to its ambiguous definitions, especially when it comes in the class. Having a true understanding of the nature of play and its types will make the instructors of pre-school and kindergarten courses provide a creative and constructive environment for children to grow comprehensively. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the concept of play from the viewpoint of preschool and kindergartens teachers in Tehran. The research method was qualitative using the phenomenological approach. For this purpose, 23 kindergarten and pre-school teachers who had the required conditions were interviewed using semi-structured interview and explorations with two main questions. Data were collected, recorded, coded, and classified into main categories. Content analysis of teachers’ perception of the play concept led to the identification of 256 primary codes, 16 sub-themes and 5 main themes of imagination (symbolic activities, imagery, dreaming); active involvement (physical and psychological involvement in the play, cooperation between players); exciting ( pleasure, joy and happiness, fun, pleasure, hope, relaxation); regulatory fluidity (specific, but flexible and changeable rules, manipulating the rules and how to play), and the learning process (purposefulness, social and cognitive and emotional development, discovery and creations). Also, analyzing the content of the perception of teachers from classroom plays led to the identification of 52 initial codes, 6 sub-themes, and 2 main themes of unstructured plays (student-centered, without prior planning) and structured plays (coaching, goal-oriented, emphasis on learning).