جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « سازمان اسناد و کتابخانه ملی ایران » در نشریات گروه « کتابداری و مدیریت اطلاعات »

 Designing metadata ontology model for semantic representation of Theses by using the SPAR (Semantic Publishing and Referencing) Ontologies. This study was an applied form and two methods were used, Content Analysis and mapping. The metadata of 69 theses and dissertations on the National Library and Archive of Iran in three Databases: 1) Digital Library of National Library and Archive of Iran. 2) Rasa Software and 3) Ganj in the Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology were selected modified and completed by mapping. On the other hand, by analyzing the entities of each SPAR ontology and suggesting another entity to the researcher, the checklist was formed. This checklist included classes, properties, and individuals. At last, by entering them into Protégé software version 5.5, the model of metadata ontology, MdOntTDs, was drawn. Findings identified deficiencies in the existence of four important metadata elements (subject, supervisor, advisor, and abstract) in RASA and NLAI Digital Library. Among the 18 SPAR Ontologies, the most entities were selected from FaBiO, FRAPO, and CiTO respectively. All entities of BiDO, BiRO, C4O, Fivestar, FR, FRBR, PO, PRO, PSO, and PWO were suitable for theses. 195 individuals from 6 SPAR Ontologies, 292 individuals labeled with MdTDs from theses, and 100 individuals labeled with SUNMdTDs were selected by the researcher and entered into the software. 1558 entities categorized by class, Properties (object, data, and Annotation), and individuals along with the description and definition of each entity were placed in the software, in the form of hierarchical and determining axioms for classes. And specifying domain and range for relationships. Finally, the RDF graph was drawn using the OntoGraf plugin, and the final Model, MdOntTDs was developed. this research has proposed three new types of metadata: 1) Except for the existing keywords, topics have been categorized and modeled up to three levels including 4 main categories, 16 subcategories, and many units. Each of these final topics has been related to “hasSubject” and “isSubjectOf” properties. 2) The research methods of Theses that were connected with “hasMethod” and “used in” properties. 3) The papers taken from Theses were also searched, as far as possible, and were connected with “hasJournalArticle” and “journalArticleOf” properties. This model, if implemented, can overcome keyword search limitations, the problem of linking and Data sharing on the web, and the inconsistency of data. In the software, classes and their related individuals are visible in the form of a hierarchical network in RDF triples, and the connection between entities with increasing access points promises deeper semantic searches. However, due to the absence or lack of tagged and linked data, usage of the some of selected entities is not possible.

 Policy-making based on research evidence is a management approach that is based on moving from the completely intuitive and unconscious spectrum to the scientific spectrum and considering all organizational capacities. Most of this scientific evidence has been obtained through academic institutions and research centers. Many countries of the world establish many scientific institutions and associations and employ a wide range of researchers to analyze and evaluate the results of academic research to align their decisions and programs with the latest research and scientific findings. Therefore, this research aimed to examine how to link the decisions and policies of the National Library and Archive of Iran (NLAI) with scientific and research evidence, to identify possible obstacles and solutions to overcome them. The current survey was conducted with an analytical approach. The main tool for data collection was a semi-structured interview designed via a questionnaire with open and closed questions. The research community and sample size were purposefully selected from among the employees of NLAI so that they have at least 15 years of work experience and a master's degree or higher. 164 people agreed and answered the questions. To measure validity, the questionnaire was provided to 5 librarians and experts in the field of evidence-based policy and management. To measure the reliability, 35 questionnaires were distributed and collected among the studied population, and then the reliability of the questionnaire was measured using Cronbach's alpha test. Kolmogorov-Smirnov (k-s), univariate t, and Friedman tests were used in the analyses. The employees believed that the use of data and research findings for decision-making and planning in specialized departments of the organization is necessary (4.25 on a scale of 5). To solve the work problems, they have faced so far, many employees (4 out of 5) have found the need to use scientific data and research evidence can improve their efficiency in performing specialized activities. On the other hand, they believed that scientific and research evidence is used less than average for decisions and planning at the macro-organizational level. NLAI planners and managers who want to avoid failure in decisions and programs should pay more attention to the use of scientific and research evidence. In this way, they can improve their knowledge and awareness of the consequences of uncertainty and risk reduction in the work field.

Considering the importance of data in the services of the National Library and Archives of Iran is intended to identify and categorize the components of the open data initiative . The research is an applied one and has been done using thematic analysis method. The statistical population was 15 managers and specialists who were selected with a purposeful method due to their experience and knowledge . The data was collected through semi structured interviews and analyzed and coded in MAXQDA. The components of the open data initiative, were categorized into 4themes. the requirements of the open data initiative, includes the creation and development of platforms for production, quality and dissemination of data, development of management processes, promotion of open data culture, creation of intellectual property rights mechanisms, implementation of government transparency policies, and development of education, and participation in national programs.The second theme, Capacities includes the data and metadata , the infrastructure of extraction and preparation, publication and sharing of data in standard formats and appropriate search facilities, the support of the senior management with Adopting appropriate policies, specialized positions and specialized skills , national and international experiences and practices.Obstacles includes the technical problems of production and preparation access to data limitations, the incompatibility of specialized processes with the goals . lack of attention to the importance and policies . Management problems are associated with limited knowledge and specialized skills, lack of updating information and systems and data bases.The benefits and results includes two groups of benefits for the organization and for outside the organization. Benefiting the society, communicating with the audience, realizing the government's goals and supporting entrepreneurs, external organizational results and the development of data-oriented research, organizational transformation, creating value, improving the services and reference of the organization, gaining organizational benefits, strengthening the technological infrastructure and in general Organizational benefits . According to the requirements and utilization of the available capacities in removing obstacles, it can be expected that the society and the stakeholders of the organization will benefit from the opening of the organization's data, and data-oriented businesses will prosper and solve organizational problems by using this Data also helps, which creates added value and wealth for the organization and the country

The purpose of current research is to identify technical risks and threats to copyright protection of information resources in the systems examined in order to prevent the infringement of the rights of creators of information resources by identifying technical risks.

Current research is applied, and a qualitative approach was used to collect needed data. In the qualitative approach, according to the purpose and problem of the research, methods of documentary analysis, thematic analysis and Fuzzy Delphi were used. 11 specialists and experts participated in the Delphi panel and 6 experts for interview; and 7 information systems in the National Library were selected as research community. In data analysis, MAXQDA and Tableau software were used.

Using the thematic analysis method, 17 indicators were obtained in 8 components related to technological threats to copyright protection in the systems studied. Following confirmation and finalization of the checklist using the Fuzzy Delphi method, 16 indicators in 7 components related to technical risks were approved by experts.Deliberate employee sabotage, weak server resources, miscellaneous malware such as viruses, worms, etc., not having back up the main program, not having a mirror website (network security); Loss of equipment and infrastructure support (such as inability to develop software or loss of software support team); The weakness of DRM in duplication and long-term protection of works, the lack of DRM software in the systems, Lack of updated systems and problems in the construction of storage space (technical infrastructure); Use of clear watermark (copy control); URL tampering (digital protection); Not using authentication for all content sections and pages (authentication); Not define the copyright policy in the digitization process (rights metadata); Lack of quality control of digital content and lack of attention to the stages of digital object preparation (digitalization process) are among the effective technical threats in the studied systems. After identifying the indicators, in May 2023, the systems were evaluated from the perspective of technical risks to protect the copyright of information sources. The studied systems were placed in two groups, digital and bibliographic, according to the type of activity, their structure and function. The Digital Library system, Iranian Newspaper System (SANA) and Iranian Scientific Publications System are included in the digital category. Other systems, i.e., National libraries network, National document center network, Iran Publications database, Manuscript database are included in the bibliographic category. Bibliographic systems only provide bibliographic information and are considered a type of database. In general, the findings showed that none of the 16 technical risk indicators have been observed in the studied systems.

Paying attention to technical considerations to protect the copyright of information sources in the systems can be described as the basis of the development and expansion of the systems in the libraries.

The purpose of this task is to identify both internal and external strategic factors for organizing book and non-book resources and to provide appropriate strategies based on the findings.

The research method was document study and survey. The research community included 10 experts from within the organization for brainstorming sessions and 40 experts from inside and outside the organization were purposefully selected to complete the questionnaire because of their experience and expertise. Data was collected through document-library study, brainstorming sessions, and researcher-made questionnaires and the data was examined with the help of a SWOT matrix.

The total score of internal factors was 3.5128 and external factors was 3.3886. The strengths of the book and non-book resource organization emphasize standardization and development of new organization tools for increasing quality and technological approach. Lack of attention to research achievements, technological limitations, quality challenges Standardization, and human resource problems are significant weaknesses. The governance position of the organization, access to up-to-date organizational tools, access to academic and organizational learning, legal deposit law, ease of use and user-friendliness of Rasa software; interaction and participation of users and beneficiaries of the organization are the most important opportunities. Budget, facilities, and technological Limitations, barriers to educational development, Poor users participating in organizing; the lack of an integrated strategy, issues and problems of experts' jobs, and ignoring the importance of organizing by senior management are the most important threats as part of our efforts to improve our services, we work closely with publishers and managers to implement new frameworks and formats. We also focus on organizing new types of resource formats and collaborating with scientific and research institutions. Additionally, we are developing tools and requirements for publishing bibliographic data in the semantic web, compiling ontologies, and migrating data to the linked data format. We continuously work on refining bibliographic data and Authority databases in Rasa software, and we give users the opportunity to participate in editing and correcting cataloging records. We have developed quality control guidelines and strengthened our National Organization Council and specialized committees. We aim to improve our governance position in the field of organization and continuously provide up-to-date training and development opportunities for our experts. We attend specialized conferences and events and pay close attention to human resources and working conditions. These are the important strategies we have proposed to improve our services even more.

Updating and improving methods of organization and tools to increase the dissemination and accessibility of data in the semantic web by creating linked data and developing ontologies, creating technology-related facilities and platforms for user participation and social organization, interaction with stakeholders such as users, scientific and specialized institutions, universities, etc. To synergize and share knowledge and facilities will develop the organization of the book and non-book resources. Development of expert training and conducting applied research and improving management will also increase the quality of this field. Finally, revitalizing and strengthening the National Organizing Council is an important strategy that can have an impact on the organizing in the organization and at the country level, with the NLAI as its center.

To measure the usability of finding aids in the form of search, author, topic and title fields in the software of National Library and Archives of Iran from the users' viewpoint of view.

The current descriptive research is practical in terms of purpose and has been carried out in a quasi-experimental manner. Data collection techniques included verbal reports (thinking aloud) and direct observation during tasks; a questionnaire was used to collect demographic information; the research community was formed by novice and expert users of the National Library and Archives. Users expressed their opinions after completing the tasks with a post-test survey.

The tools were more usable for expert users compared to novice users. Compared to expert users, novice users had more difficulty completing tasks due to a lack of familiarity with archive vocabulary and how to search in the software. About 60% of the participants easily completed the "search" and "author" fields. Although the most effective was related to the "author" field, its completion was unsuccessful among 10% of users. The lowest and highest time averages were related to the "Title" and "Subject" fields, respectively. Generally, the tools are usable for users and their usability can be increased through training and using the guide. At the time of data entry, terminology and user-friendliness of tools are important. Users perform their searches with usable finding aids and reduce the need for intermediaries.

During the Covid-19 pandemic, libraries around the world were faced with difficult choices in how to offer and provide services, from minimal restrictions to complete closure. The spread of the Covid-19 disease, the closure of the National Library, and the lack of face-to-face services made the National Library and Archives of Iran (NLAI) expand its virtual reference services compared to before and try to improve its activities in this area. In this regard, the present study aims to analyze the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the questions received through the virtual reference portal of NLAI. Therefore, the questions raised from this virtual reference portal during the two years of 2018 and 2019 and the level of satisfaction of users with this service were examined.
To conduct this research, the content analysis of the questions and the quantitative analysis of the transactions were done. The duration of each transaction, the subject of the questions raised, and the level of user satisfaction with the virtual reference portal of the NLAI were evaluated. For this purpose, the transactions carried out through the virtual reference portal of NLAI included 3098 transactions extracted in 2019. In order to analyze the content of each conversation and answer the basic questions of the research, sampling was done using Morgan's table and 341 cases were selected. Since more than one question was asked in some transactions, 1931 questions were examined.
The findings showed that the number of questions received through the simultaneous dialogue portal of the virtual reference has increased significantly during the epidemic due to the increase in the service delivery hours. 47.8% of the content of the questions asked was related to library services, 28.35% related to how to access resources, 8.02% related to research questions and searching for a specific topic, 8.07% related to searching in the national bibliography of Iran and finally 7.76% related to access to databases. It was informative. The satisfaction level of 90.4% of users of the simultaneous chat service is described as "excellent". The 6-fold increase in the use of the simultaneous chat portal shows that users welcome the increase in the hours of this virtual reference portal. The amount of simultaneous conversations has increased from 508 in 2018 to 3098 in 2019. On average, 5 questions are asked in each transaction. The most users of the simultaneous conversation service are in the humanities department and the least are related to the medical sciences department. One of the reasons for the welcome of the Humanities Department to the virtual reference services of the National Library is the method of collecting data for research in this study group, which is mostly based on library studies.
One of the most important actions of the National Library in the early days of the Covid-19 epidemic and after closing the library, in order to develop information services and help meet the information needs of members and users, was to increase the hours of simultaneous conversation. In this way, simultaneous conversation with users, in addition to meeting their information needs, provided a good opportunity to receive feedback and reasonable expectations of users from library services, which led to the provision of new services. The service of preparing digital copies of books, non-books, and periodical resources, respecting the intellectual property of the resources, was one of the important services that were launched in order to meet the needs of users, and currently, this service is available electronically for all members and non-members of the National Library. It is provided by sending a request to the e-mail address.
Originality/value: This is the first study to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on chat reference services at a national library.

identifying the challenges facing governmental publications in Iran to improve the situation and providing Executive Strategies for publishing management by looking at the publications of NLAI.

This research has been done by documentary or library method and in a "descriptive-analytical" method. By field studies and observation of documents and the publishing process of NLAI and based on the lived experience of authors, the challenges of publication were identified and then executive Strategies were proposed.

the challenges were: lack of bylaws and regulations, articles of association, guidelines and updated procedures, inactivity in the triangle or publishing foundations, lack of attention to market valuation, poor evaluation and monitoring, the lack of branding in catalogs and series of thematic publications, the lack of exports and presence in international markets, and the one-sided flow of works.

Updating the statutes and publishing regulations, fundamental changes in the policy, evaluation of pre-printed works, attention to quality instead of quantity, identifying audience, utilization of new technologies, Holding courses and workshops for publishing personnel, high competency of sales agents, use of radio and television capacity, price management of works, critique and review of works, thematic editingand outsourcing of production and distribution and especially the economic and profitability view are the only way out of the current situation.Value: This research opens up new horizons for the publications of governmental organizations, so that by deepening the challenges and the suggestions provided, they can act in the direction of optimal and competitive management of their publications.

Awareness of users' perceptions and interpretations of the information labels of the user interface of digital library of the NLAI. The present study was an applied research with a mixed method. Data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire, interview, and observation. Through a exploratory method, participants were asked to spend considerable time and in-depth to examine the categories, elements, and labels used in the digital library website and to determine their understanding of the website labels in the online questionnaire in the form of a Likert scale. Then, the semi-structured interview technique was used to study users' perceptions and interpretations of the labels assigned to the elements on the website. The study population included users of the digital library of the NLAI, which was selected in two groups of novice users (clients) and advanced users (librarians) of 20 people (10 novice users and 10 advanced users). In order to validate the research results, Methodological angulation was used to increase the reliability of the research data. During this method, the researcher used several methods to collect data (using interviews with observation, exploratory study, and questionnaire), as well as all research strategies and steps with the necessary documentation at the time of data collection were recorded. Finally, after collecting the data, the researcher used the Member checking method. During this quality control process, the researcher asked the 7 participants to read the notes and the results of the data and express their opinion on the accuracy of the findings. Cronbach's alpha test (0.85) was used to ensure the reliability of the data collection tool and the possible problems of the questionnaire. SPSS software was used to analyze the research data. Content analysis and Excel software were used to analyze the interview data. The results showed that the final average of comprehensibility of labels and terms used in the website is over 50% and indicates a good understanding of the terms and labels used in the website to represent information categories, but some labels need to be changed and updated. Some terms are not very understandable from the users' point of view and need to be revised, such as: "review", "quick look", "typical classification", "source registration", "legal considerations", "main site", "texts", "Periodical" and "Collection". The friendliness and user-friendliness of the words on the website, and the ban on the use of specialized, complex, and ambiguous words were among the demands of the users. New terms and labels were suggested by users. The use of specialized library terminology on the website, intangible and abstract words and lack of sufficient explanations about labels, lack of a comprehensive guide, going into more detail, complications on the website, and inconsistency in the use of words for similar concepts are some of the problems that cause the user does not have a good browsing experience.

 This paper aims at determining appropriate performance indicators based on the world’s national libraries and related ISOs. They are also chosen according to the NLAI’s experts comments based on Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM).

The present research is applied to the research purpose and uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The statistical society includes 2 categories: first, performance indicators of the world's national libraries (Library of Congress, British Library, National Library of Australia, National Library of Spain, Swiss National Library, Library and Archives Canada, National Library of France, and National Diet Library) adopted via emails to their national libraries.The second is through 14 top level managers of NLAI selected by a purposeful sampling. The research tool to conduct a Fuzzy Delphi technique involve a checklist whose validity were recognized according to expert's opinion. The final checklist includes two categories of general and specialized questions. General questions include the demographic characteristics of the respondents. These questions include gender, age, organizational status, work experience, and level of education. Specialized questions that are the main part of the checklist and include 192 performance indicators in 11 dimensions (Building the national collection, Making the services accessible: Cataloguing, Making the services accessible: Quick and easy access, Making the services accessible: Usage, Making the services accessible: Digitization, Offering reference services, Building potentials for development, Preserving the collection, Managing efficiently, Research, and Library Standards Development).

In this study, out of 192 indicators, 32 indicators were selected view point of NLAI expert's. In the dimension of "Building the national collection" out of 20 indicators, 3 indicators were among the performance indicators selected by the experts NLAI.In the dimension of " Making the services accessible: Cataloguing" out of 12 indicators, 2 indicators; in dimension of "Making the services accessible: Quick and easy access" out of 17 indicators, 3 indicators;in dimension of "Making the services accessible: Usage" out of 53 indicators, 6 indicators; in dimension of "Making the services accessible: Digitization" out of 21 indicators, 5 indicators were among the performance indicators selected by the experts NLAI.In dimension of "Offering reference services" out of 10 indicators, 5 indicators; In dimension of "Building potentials for development"out of 28 indicators, 3 indicators; In dimension of "Preserving the collection" out of 9 indicators, 2 indicators; In dimension of "Managing efficiently" out of 14 indicators, 3 indicators were among the performance indicators selected by the experts NLAI.Also, from the other results of this research, it can be said that in the "Research" dimension, out of a total of 4 indicators, no indicators were selected from the perspective of NLAI's experts.In the "Library Standards Development" dimension, the two tasks of cataloging standards and digital and technology standards were selected by the organization's experts.2 proposed items (Number of newly provided bibliographic data to OCLC, and New number of offerings authority data to VIAF), which was not the responsibility of the National Library's review staff, but because of its global importance. They were questioned by experts, not selected by NLAI experts.

In this research, for the first time, the performance indicators of the national libraries of the world and the ISOs related to evaluation of performance of libraries in order to determine and select the performance indicators for NLAI were studied in a coherent manner.From the other results of this research, it can be said that among the 32 selected indicators to evaluate the performance of NLAI, a total of 8 indicators are related to the two ISOs studied (28118 and 21248); That is, 25% of the performance indicators monitored in this study are in accordance with ISO.As Maurice Line stated, "no type of library varies so much in nature, size, and types of media covered, range of acquisitions, functions and services. But what matters is that the responsibilities of national libraries can differ from country to country as they are ‘subject to political agendas which change, often more rapidly than for public or academic libraries.Accordingly, the need to develop performance indicators for national libraries according to their goals and tasks is a very serious issue. Therefore, it is suggested that NLAI use the performance indicators obtained from this study and compare the results and methods used with other national libraries to finally, with frequent reviews and monitoring, achieve a consensus on valid indicators.Finally, given that indicators are defined at the organization’s top levels organization, managers can rely on the findings of the research to appropriately use the indicators to show a clear picture of the performance of the NLAI, and also be effective in allocate resources, make plans and policies of national libraries and prevent potential costs.

the purpose of the research was to redesign the user interface architecture of the digital library website of the National Library and Archives of Iran (NLAI(using the Card Sorting method in order to improve the structure and the desired retrieval. The present study is an applied research that used a multifaceted approach and various techniques such as interviewing, Think-aloud protocol and Card Sorting to redesign the user interface architecture of the digital library website of the NLAI. EXCEL and VISIO software were used to analyze the data, and Sort Optimal tool was used to analyze the data obtained from the Card Sorting. The results were read in the form of similarity matrix and dendrogram algorithm. The statistical population in this study included users of the digital library website of the NLAI, who were selected in two groups of novice users (clients) and advanced users (librarians). In order to validate the qualitative findings, the researcher triangulation method was used. Findings of the research, model and results obtained from the Card Sorting test, for evaluation, were provided to 7 experts, researchers and professors of library and information science who had the necessary experience, to give their expert opinion in the field of data analysis.

Results The similarity matrix findings showed that users grouped elements such as "Ask Us", "Legal Considerations", "Resource Registration", "Resource Donation", and "Technical Support" and so on. The findings of the Standardization Network also confirmed that users have included 10 times "Ask Us", 17 times "Resource Registration" and 6 times "Technical Support" in the menu of electronic services. Dendrogram findings also showed that a number of contributors expect to be able to select "source type" if necessary next to the search box, rather than independently reviewing individual digital resources. Cart sorting process analyzes showed that in addition to predefined categories, some new categories were suggested. These included "links to other digital libraries", "shared databases" and the "FAQ" category. The data and performance of users in this study showed that the current user interface of the digital library website is not user-friendly and users cannot quickly get what they are looking for. The card-sorting process generally acknowledged inconsistencies in how users perceived the labeling and organization of digital library website content. Interviews and think-aloud protocols with users also confirmed that the language used to name menus and information elements is currently not simple and user-friendly. User categories in the card-sorting process for designing the user interface architecture also showed that there are elements in the website that users do not need, and conversely, there are important elements that are not included in the website. In the simulated information architecture, based on the findings of the interview and the participation of users in the Card Sorting process, an attempt was made to design the proposed user interface somewhat similar to other user interfaces (OPAC and Rasa software). In the proposed model, while paying attention to the demands and expectations of users, the simplicity of the pages, the most important point has been observed.

The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of compliance of bibliographic records of geographical materials of the National Archives and Library of the Islamic Republic of Iran with the rules of RDA.

 The present study is applied in terms of purpose and has been done by survey research method and descriptive-analytical approach. The research population included 3946 map records and 139 atlas records. The research sample was selected with 351 map records and 139 atlas records. Data collection tools include a checklist based on Bibco, fields taken from the map and atlas of Iran MARC in the National Library of Iran and is one of the adaptive tables of Iran MARC to RDA.

In the first part of the study, it was found that 25.64% of the fields related to the map and 22.72% of the fields related to the atlas have information and the rest of the fields have no information and content. In the second part of the research, the results showed that 35.77% of the information in the map records and 39.77% in the atlas records, with RDA elements are compatible.

Most of the records fields examined are without information. Block 2 in map records and blocks zero and 1 in atlas records have the most compliance, furthermore block 4 in map and atlas records has the least compliance with the rules and elements of RDA. The main reason for the lack of compliance is that the fields are empty. The geographical material records which currently are available in the National Library are incomplete and have shortcomings for the use and implementation of RDA , therefore these shortcomings must be investigated and supplemented.

The current study presented the criteria for measuring the content of specialized books.

Current study used a library method as well as the perspectives of experts from large universities to gather needed data. It is categorized as a descriptive-survey research in terms of how data is collected. The statistical population of the present study is 2449 experts in the fields of humanities and behavioral sciences of the country's major universities. The gathered data was analyzed through a questionnaire using SPSS software. Descriptive indicators (frequency, frequency and mean) and inferential tests (Friedman) were used to analyze the data.

The present study indicated that from the point of view of experts in the field of humanities in top universities, publishing and publisher criteria, creator, translator, authored content, translated content, structure and appearance in evaluating and ranking specialized books in the field of humanities have an important and fundamental role.Because experts in comprehensive universities across the country have considered the component of "translation content" to be more important than other components, experts have valued the content of translation books more than any other, and it has been important for them to have the necessary criteria for evaluation. Translation content should be used in the ranking of specialized books. This could be due to translation problems in specialized books in the fields of humanities and behavioral sciences, which, despite the increasing quantity of these translations in the country, do not show much acceptable quality.

Conclusion:

 The result of the present study is to provide evaluation criteria that can be very important for both professionals and librarians to collect resources, resource ranking criteria can be useful for publishers to produce quality resources. Using the views of experts in the present study, it is possible to qualitatively rank the works by prioritizing the criteria by the experts in each field of knowledge. These rankings can help readers and researchers find higher quality resources, and librarians can help select and purchase higher quality resources if a large organization has ranked them. With the use of new tools, the speed of access to information may have improved, but the problem of finding reliable and quality resources remains strong, and ranking resources can play a role in solving this problem. Resource ranking criteria can also be useful for publishers to produce quality resources. These criteria can help readers and researchers to find better quality resources and help librarians to select and purchase better quality resources. Therefore, it is suggested that the organization that uses these criteria, in order to use each of the criteria in accordance with the policies of its organization, conduct a survey of relevant experts and adapt the criteria. It is suggested that the criteria be evaluated annually or in different courses by experts in the field or field. Finally, it is suggested that a study be conducted to identify the priorities of specialized books in engineering and experimental technical fields and the results of that research be compared with the present study.

To evaluate the usability of the digital library of the National Library and Archives of Iran (NLAI) based on user experience.

A heuristic mixed method (convergent parallel approach) was used. To evaluate the usability of the digital library, a multifaceted approach was adopted and various techniques were used, including usability test, questionnaires, interview, observation, and Think-aloud protocol.  Eight tasks were defined for users to identify their path, problems and challenges, their confusion in the path, and the so-called pain points and ambiguous words of the website. SPSS software was used for quantitative data analysis and MaxQda software for qualitative interview data analysis. The systematic observation was carried out using Faststone and Ocam softwares. Two groups including novice users (clients) and advanced (librarians) participated in the study. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the oCam collected from interviews. In order to validate the findings, the Methodological Triangulation method and Lincoln and Cuba criteria were used.

Paying attention to the average of tasks performed by novice users (clients) and advanced (librarians) showed that registering a new user account took the most amount of time (more than 6 minutes). The overall average difficulty and ease of completing tasks without separating the two groups of users showed that Task 5 with an average of 3.45 and Task 2 with an average of 3.35 were the most difficult tasks, while Task 8 with an average of 2.25, was the easiest. Feedbacks received from novice and advanced users about the usability of evaluation criteria of the digital library (satisfaction rate, ease of operation, ease of navigation, site attractiveness, layout of information elements, etc.) showed that some components did not receive the average score of 3. For example, organizing website information with an average of 1.70, and visually attractiveness with an average of 2.10 are not desirable from the point of view of advanced users. Monitoring the level of user satisfaction with NLAI’s digital library showed that only 30% of novice users and 10% of advanced users were satisfied with their performance on the website. Numerous problems and challenges were reported during the completion of the tasks defined for the users. These challenges include complexity of processes (complex resource search process; registration process complexity; and search fields), poor understanding of site tags and concepts, arrangement of site elements, redundancy and multiplicity of options, visual appearance of the site, inappropriate retrieval, technical issues, inconsistencies, collection, and access constraints, wasted user time, variety of resource formats, and digital resource display.

Comparing the means of the two groups of novice and advanced users indicates that advanced users spend more time performing their tasks. Paying attention to the unsuccessful attempts between the two user groups and comparing them with each other showed that the rate of unsuccessful attempts was higher among advanced users than novice users. Advanced users were more unsuccessful because of the strategies and perceptions they had of the search. They naturally tended to use advanced search instead of simple search. This perception led to an increase in the number of unsuccessful attempts, as the advanced search of the digital library was very confusing.

To discuss the importance of oral history projects undertaken at the NLAI for securing a deeper understanding of the history of LIS in Iran. Analysis of the narratives shows that how the morale of the pioneer Iranian professional librarians has served the development of modern librarianship in their country.

The data based on which inferences are made were extracted through careful analysis of the content of the interviews carried out in the process of six oral history projects.

The challenges faced by early Iranian professional librarians in the process of the establishment, expansion and flourishing of modern librarianship in Iran, and transition from traditional to modern librarianship were many. Personality traits like work discipline, planning, and passion for acquiring skills from American colleagues (then working in Iran as consutants and educators) were instrumental in overcoming challenges.

Findings demonstrate how oral history can shed light on less seen aspects of contemporary history. Oral history projects need to be taught in LIS education to enable students to gain a deeper insight of their profession. Documenting oral history of public, school, university and specialized libraries is important for improving social status of the profession. Also, reporting activities of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in order to strengthen the spirit of volunteer work in the fields of book, librarianship, and book reading should be on the agenda of those interested in the history of librarianship and trustees in this field to strengthen the culture of collective participation

This study was conducted with the aim of understanding the needs of the Visually Impaired in the Visually Impaired Department of the National Library and Archives of Iran.

The present study is qualitative that was conducted by content analysis method with inductive approach. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. Sampling went so far as to saturate the data and no new data was extracted from the interviews. The interview was saturated with 10 visually impaired who had experience using the services of the visually impaired Department. 132 initial codes (2 main themes and 12 sub-themes) were extracted from the interviews. Guba and Lincoln criteria (Credibility, Dependability, Confirmability and Transferability) were used for data robustness and accuracy. Maxqda software version 20 was used for data analysis.

The analysis of the interviews about the participants' experience in using the services of the visually impaired Department of the National Library of Iran was summarized in two general themes: "Problems and Limitations" and "Suggestions for Improving the Services". The 7 sub-themes related to the “limitations and problems” reported by users with visually impaired were: paths and environmental guides, path insecurity, visually impaired independence, special tools for the visually impaired, facilities, environmental conditions of the visually impaired hall (librarian position and hall environmental conditions), and marketing services. People with visually impaired offered suggestions for improving the the services, which were in 5 sub-themes: education, resources, online services, strengthening special facilities, and strengthening voluntary facilities.

The results showed that visually impaired have several problems and limitations in using the services of the visually impaired Department of the National Library and Archives of Iran. Considering that this library is the mother library in the country, it is better for the library staff to follow-up to remove the current restrictions and by continuously evaluating their information needs, redesigning and arranging facilities, reviewing signs and environmental guides, Special facilities, development programs, equipment procurement and marketing programs, take steps to improve the library services for the visually impaired.

In January 2020 IFLA Library History Interest Group called on IFLA website for papers to review oral history of library and information science projects at a session entitled "Librarians: Learning from the past to Inspire, Include and Sustain". That year IFLA congress was canceled due to the Covid-19 epidemic. Upon the decision of the Secretary General and the President of IFLA 2021 congress was held virtually due to the spread of this global epidemic with the valuable support of the National Committee of Ireland a who provided a platform for presentations. At the session, four speakers from Ireland, Iran, USA and Croatia introduced projects of oral history in their countries. At the session four oral history projects of the National Archives and Library of Iran (NLAI), including LIS education in Iran, history of the Children's Book Council of Iran, history of the Iranian Library and Information Science Association (ILISA), and contributions of pioneer Iranian professional librarians in developing modern librarianship in Iran were reported.

The present study aimed to identify factors impact on self-efficacy and determine the relationships among such factors; also, to provide solutions and offer suggestions to boost self-efficacy among NLAI research staff.

Grounded Theory method is employed in this study. Research staff members were invited to participate in the study based of their first-hand knowledge, experience or views. Open-ended and semi-structured interviews were carried out until saturation. A total of 26 interviews were conducted. Interview data was analysed in three stages, including open, axial, and selective coding. In open coding stage, meaningful concepts were extracted from the texts of the interviews and formulated as the components of research self-efficacy. In the axial coding stage, the components obtained from the previous stage were analysed and classified into the main categories of the central category, namely contextual conditions, interveners, causal conditions, strategies and consequences. In the selective coding stage, the relationships between main categories and the central category of the theoretical model were developed. Four criteria of credibility (accuracy of descriptions and findings by reviewing the texts of interviews and removing ambiguities from the interviewees), transferability (degree of generalizability of the results to other contexts and environments considering the in-depth description of the results), dependability (through accurate and documented recording of research information and process), and confirmability (avoidance of biases).

A total of 80 factors were identified in relation to the central category of "research self-efficacy". They were classified into 5 categories, namely, contextual conditions, causal conditions, intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences, including 3, 16, 21, 23, and 17 concepts, respectively. Highest frequency belonged to "psychological characteristics", "centrality of research in the organization", "management and planning in the organization", "material and spiritual support", and "organization progress" from contextual conditions, causal conditions, interveners, strategies, and consequences, respectively.

In general, components of research self-efficacy in the organization are related to individual, organizational and extra-organizational factors. Improving and attending to each of these components will lead to the growth and improvement of research self-efficacy in the organization, which ultimately results in the promotion of the research position of the organization. Findings showed that interviewees acknowledged the importance and role of research in promoting the position of the organization as well as the role of faculty members and researchers in strengthening the authority of the organization and found it necessary for the organization to support the research categories, including "research self-efficacy".

The first objective of our study was to determine whether Encoded Archival EAD is compatible with IranMARC (local version of UNIMARC for Iran). The second objective was to explore EAD elements with high priority. The latter is highly important to the work of Archivists at the National Library and Archives of Iran (NLAI) for converting archival records to EAD.

The research steps were as follows: 1) Development of a map to match EAD with both UNIMARC and IranMARC; 2) Quantifying EAD; 3) Weighting EAD elements; 4) Determining structural compatibility EAD with UNIMARC and IranMARC and identification of EAD elements with high priorities to value corresponding fields in UNIMARC and IranMARC.

The developed map of EAD-UNIMARC-IranMARC showed that 77 EAD elements out of 107 have corresponding fields in UNIMARC and 72 in IranMARC. Structural compatibility rate of UNIMARC and EAD was 73% and 68.7% with IranMARC. Also, 75 EAD elements out of 107 were found to be of high priority.

This research primarily contributes to the improvement of information organization in Iran and to the development of a map of EAD-UNIMARC-IranMARC. This map not only will serve as a tool for measuring structural compatibility EAD with UNIMARC and IranMARC, but is valuable by itself. In this map we have used the fields of block 4 to establish connections among archives records. Currently, archivists of NLAI suffice to create most of the records at a file level. Our findings can be used to prepare a manual. In addition to structural compatibility of IranMARC with EAD, the method of arrangement and description may affect the readiness of conversion of archival records to EAD. High rate of compatibility EAD to UNIMARC (73%) may be promising for countries who have used UNIMARC to retrieve their archival materials and intent to implement EAD to move toward linked data and connection to semantic web. The lack of 30 EAD corresponding elements in UNIMARC is an issue. We will communicate with IranMARC Committee and ask them to prepare and forward proposals for this purpose, to the Permanent UNIMARC Committee (PUC). By identification of EAD elements with high priority, NLAI may generate enhanced records to convert to EAD by preparing a manual for required and high priority EAD elements. The reason for the difference in structural compatibility of UNIMARC and IranMARC with EAD is the failure of National Library of Iran Software (called RASA) to update IranMARC. Fields of 371, 631, 632 should be added to RASA immediately. Our findings may be useful to countries who use UNIMARC. The method of quantifying EAD may be applicable to other models and standards. Also, we found that some EAD elements have several fields in UNIMARC and IranMARC. Further research can be carried out to explore the value of each field. This helps archival centers to make decisions about the priority of fields when one element has several corresponding fields. We suggest that the content of NLAI database for archival records be reviewed based on the map we developed. This would be helpful in identifying possible required fields as well as fields with high priority once conversion to EAD is to be done.

A review of the National Librarychr('39')s clientschr('39') viewes on receiving reference services through mobile-based social networks.

First, through the documentary-library research method, the components of reference services were identified, then, by using a researcher-made questionnaire, the perspective of members of the National Library, was surveyed. Based on the average number of daily visitors to the National Library, the sample size of 217 people was selected based on Morganchr('39')s table as a simple random sampling and finally 147 returned questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS software. The Reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbachchr('39')s alpha and its Validity confirmed based on the opinion of 6 experts in library and information science.

98% of the members of the National Library are users of mobile social networks, and in addition to gaining news and family communication, 63% use it to retrieve scientific information. The average total component of reference services showed that subjects were willing to use this platform to receive reference services.

Mobile social networks have a scientific function for clients of the National Library, and they have already started using social networks for research purposes. From the userschr('39') point of view, these networks are a good communication channel for providing reference services, especially information literacy training and answering research questions.