جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « research ethics » در نشریات گروه « کتابداری و مدیریت اطلاعات »

This study was aimed at identifying the factors influencing the adherence to publication ethics standards in the research system of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology (MSRT) using the Causal Layered Analysis (CLA) method. This is a qualitative study adopting an exploratory approach and an applied one considering the research results. The researchers used the semi-structured interview method to achieve the goal of the study. The study population consisted of the actors of the research system of the MSRT. A total of 22 activists were included in the study based on the theoretical saturation rule. In order to conduct interviews with the actors of the research system, the researchers prepared an "Interview Package" as the research tool. This package contained: 1) an informed consent form, 2) an interview guide form and 3) and conceptual and operational definitions of the research variables. We also used the CLA method to design the interview questions. This method and its layers, i.e. litany, social causes, discourse/worldview and myth/metaphor, were developed as a method of foresight. Finally, the text file of each interview transferred to the MAXQDA version 20 to analyze the data. Then, the three-step approach of "thematic analysis" was used for the open and axial coding of the factors influencing. Based on the results of the research, a total of 1055 open codes were extracted from the interviews, of which 345 codes were assigned to the "litany" layer, 315 codes to the "social causes" layer, 301 codes to the "discourse/worldview" layer, and 94 codes to the "myth/metaphor" layer. In addition, the category "monitoring of the research system" (with 82 codes) from the "litany" layer, the category "clarification of laws and regulations in terms of implementation" (with 35 codes) from the "social causes" layer, the category "directing the existing social discourses through culture building" (with 43 codes) from the "worldview" layer, and the category "correlation between education and research" (with 15 codes) from the "myth/metaphor" layer were the most frequent categories. Therefore, although there are many unknowns in the future path, it is necessary to pave the way towards an ethical research system by adopting timely decisions and strategies and implementing necessary measures, especially by macro-level policy makers. One necessary measure to be taken is giving sufficient independence to universities and higher education centers. In addition, the middle circles of research, such as information centers, scientific communities and associations, and libraries play a key role in expansion of the independence of universities and in the development of endogenous patterns and self-regulating thoughts among researchers.

A targeted research goes through some stages called the research process to solve problems. The research process can be defined as the life cycle of any research, and each stage requires the implementation of unique ethical principles. By entering the era of internet-based research, it is necessary to increase the researcher’s level of awareness, attitude, and performance regarding the standards of research ethics. Therefore, the awareness of different types of scientific misconduct and familiarity with ethical duties in the research process are the first steps in the development of the ethics-oriented path in scientific societies. Also, the research system activists, from authors, editors, publishers, and reviewers of publications, to policymakers, i.e. managers and decision-makers of universities, organizations, and research centers, by adhering to the principles of research ethics or providing appropriate infrastructure to promote, cultivate and implement ethical standards, should Help smooth this path in the research system. Therefore, to implement complementary measures, the present study strived to analyze and explain the operational dos and don’ts of research ethics, especially in the policymaking aspect of the research system by entering the second step.

This study reviewed the research and documents related to research ethics in the dimensions of internal and external policies, to analyze and explain the dos and don’ts of research ethics confronted by research system policymakers. To collect texts, three internal databases such as "Magiran", "SID" and "Civilica" and three external citation databases such as "Web of Science", "Scopus" and "Google Scholar" It has been examined in both categories regardless of the period.

Through studying the texts, “scientific formalism”, “publishing pressure”, “focusing on punitive policies”, and “weak monitoring system of journals” were identified as the don’ts faced by the policymakers of the research system, each of which in turn has produced obstacles in the development path ethical research. Furthermore, measures such as “focusing on problem-oriented and demand-oriented research”, “tendency to systems thinking”, and “directing toward academic socialization” were identified as the dos of the research system.

Along with the formulation of ethical codes in research, the policymakers of the research system must implement mechanisms to prevent and manage research violations with a positive approach and cultivate ethical activists. Meanwhile, scientific structure and culture as well as an efficient educational system can significantly contribute to the institutionalization of ethical values and attitudes in research. Therefore, it is clear that the policymakers of the research system, while formulating legal and criminal principles and standards, need to pay special attention to incentive policies to support scientific self-regulation institutions and develop and promote healthy and applied research. Finally, it is suggested that in future studies, the level of performance of the activists and especially the policymakers of the research system in the field of fulfilling research ethics should be evaluated and compared. Also, at the national level, it is necessary to identify the factors influencing the construction of the desired future of research and publication ethics so that the results can be used in the policies of the research system.

The charter of research ethics is a set of ethical codes and guidelines that outline the ethical limits of research components. The main function of these ethical charters and guidelines is to help students, professors, researchers, and research ethics boards for the ethical realization of research projects and activities, as well as helping the process of evaluating and making appropriate ethical choices with actual and potential ethical challenges in all stages of research. The main issue of this research plan is how to compile and develop ethics charters in research. Therefore, firstly, the nature and function of ethics charters in research were examined, and then, by collecting 36 criteria, a normative framework for the compilation and development of research ethics charters was proposed and presented. These criteria deal with the development and implementation of ethics charters in research from the three perspectives of design and compilation (with 20 criteria), implementation and monitoring (with 9 criteria), and education and promotion (with 7 criteria). In the end, in accordance with this framework of norms and 36 criteria, from the three perspectives mentioned, the "Research Ethics Codes of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology of Iran" was criticized and examined. This research has been realized in two steps: in the first step, through the library method, the nature and function of research charters and codes of ethics were investigated, as well as the study of numerous sources and references to identify effective criteria in the compilation and development of research ethics charters. Then, a normative framework was proposed for compiling and developing ethics charters in research. This framework was surveyed, validated and finalized by a focus group of experts in this field. In the second step, the "Research Ethics Codes of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology of Iran", as the only official research ethics charter whose implementation has been notified to the universities and research institutes of that ministry, were criticized and examined in accordance with the criteria and normative framework obtained in the first step. Based on this, the final achievements of this research plan are: 1) introduction and proposal of a normative framework for compiling ethics codes in research, and 2) critical evaluation and review of the "Research Ethics Codes" and suggestions for form and content revision in the compilation and development it.

Plagiarism as a clear example of academic corruption violates research ethics and slows down the production of science. Despite the criminalization of plagiarism in the Law on the Protection of the Rights of Authors, Writers and Artists, the quantitative nature of research in Iran has led to the growth of this behavior. Due to the importance of the discussion, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between the control source and research ethics in the prevention of plagiarism. The statistical population of the study is all members of the group and the Telegram channel of the School of Criminal Sciences as experts in Iranian criminal law, of which 212 people were selected as the final volume using the Cochran's formula. The data collection tool is the Ratter Control Source Questionnaire in which internal and external controls are checked. Also regarding research ethics and plagiarism, a researcher-made questionnaire design and their face and content validity using the opinions of three experts confirmed and their reliability for research ethics and plagiarism questionnaires with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.82 and 0.87 was calculated .According to the findings, there is no relationship between internal and external control and prevention of plagiarism. Given that external control is used to justify unsuccessful behaviors and that not committing a crime is a successful behavior, the lack of a link between external control and plagiarism prevention is justified, but the lack of a link between internal control and plagiarism prevention suggests that self-control and morality have no role in preventing plagiarism. Thus, it can be said that the criminalization of plagiarism and the development of intelligent plagiarism detection software such as the software of Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology by increasing the costs of crime has led to deterrence. The findings also show that the variables of research ethics, age, academic status and employment status have a significant positive relationship with the prevention of plagiarism. This means that crime prevention is better guaranteed by increasing the age, improve academic standing and promote research ethics. However, studies show that gender has a significant negative relationship with the prevention of plagiarism. This means that women are more talented and willing to commit crimes. Findings from stepwise regression analysis also proved that among the five main variables, three factors of research ethics, academic status and gender are able to estimate crime prevention

Plagiarism is copying words, texts, images, and the like, and using the thoughts of others as one's own. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent of various factors on the tendency to plagiarism among Ph.D. students of Bu-Ali University.

The method of the present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this study consists of all Ph.D. students of Bu-Ali University. The total number of students at Bu-Ali University is equal to 832 students, which according to Cochran's formula, the sample size was equal to 263 people. Five questionnaires were used to collect data. The reliability of these questionnaires through Cronbach's alpha was equal to 0.948, 0.955, 0.968, 986, and 0.975 respectively. In order to test research hypotheses, structural equation modeling in Warp PLS7 software was used.

The results of data analysis showed that the variables of perception of plagiarism, attitude to plagiarism and personal harassment have a negative and significant effect on the rate of plagiarism of students. Also, the variable of academic jurisprudence has a positive and significant effect on the rate of plagiarism of students.

It seems that students' knowledge, understanding and awareness of plagiarism and its examples, policies and legal punishment in this field are at a low level. That the officials and administrators of the universities take the necessary measures in order to make the students more aware and familiar with the consequences of this work.

Finding a solution to the problem of the prevalence of scientific misconduct, if we recognize it as a problem, requires comparative studies and observation of successful (or unsuccessful) experiences of other countries. Therefore, in this article based on a comparative research on legal experiences in selected countries (some of which are successful in dealing with scientific misconducts and others less successful) it will be argued that legal rules and processes do not provide sufficient conditions for supporting scientific integrity.For this Purpose, firstly, by searching for evidence of scientific misconducts in less successful countries, found evidence that indicate the existence of the phenomenon of “epidemic misconduct”, as well as differences in the type of cases and the extent of people who commit misconducts. secondly, the policies of more successful countries, and the established policies related to scientific misconduct, examined, and argued (and predicted) that, given the differences noted between the two countries, the application of the legal policies of successful countries will not work in less successful countries. Finally, with reference to examples of the failure of the experiences of less successful countries to apply the legal experiences of successful countries, the prediction confirmed. Finally, an analysis of why the failure occurs is provided.

Plagiarism happens in a structure, and “other individuals” are very important in its occurance, so it can’t be a mere psychological phenomenon and must be concieved as social one, because structures have undebatable effect on act’s shape. Thus, plagiarism should be analyzed with societal variables. But we can design several models for explanation of its occurrence and order of involved variables. In this research the aim is to demonstrate and explain how the involved societal variables of plagiarism are organized to play their role in this phenomenon. For this reason, the Structural Equation Modeling method was used. Three valid models (structural, paradigmatic, systemic) and seven documented variables were adopted for examination. Needed data were gathered by means of a validated questionnaire from 540 master and PhD students in 36 largest universities in Iran selected randomly by multi-stage clustering method and then systematic choosing in each cluster. The gathered data was analyzed by Partial Least Square algorithm in PLS soft (version 3.3.3.). Three hypotheses were examined: 1. Structural model can better explain the order of occurance of variables in this phenomenon than other ones. 2. Economically observed variables are more effective than other ones. 3. Research formalism is more important mediator than other ones. Findings showed that systemic model has better fit indices than others and first hypothesis was rejected. Considering this model, the order of occurance of involved variables could be such that governmental capitalism (rental economics, erosion of specialization, commodification of knowledge) and cultural depositories (traditional discourses and ideological science) as inputs lead to process such as research formalism (mechanical research and dominance of rhethoric in research), scholastic habitus (scientific oligarchy and isolated researchers) and uncritical education (educational view to research). This process eventually lead to outputs such as indifference (immoral trade-off) and bureaucratic university (static evaluation and weakness of control). Second hypothesis was approved, and findings showed that economic observed variables are more effective than others in plagiarism phenomenon. Third hypothesis also was rejected, and findings showed that “scholastic habitus” (scientific oligarchy and isolated researchers) are more important mediators than research formalism and uncritical education.

Reporting research limitations in academic literature is very important for understanding and utilizing research findings. This study aims to assess the extent to which and how research limitations acknowledged in Persian theses and dissertations (TDs). 664 Persian TDs published from 2009 to 2018 selected randomly through cluster sampling technique from IranDoc’s TDs database and the last chapter of 578 TDs analyzed. Through content analysis method, reported limitations analyzed and coded. Around 17% of TDs (99/578) addressed at least one limitation in their reports, while 64% of them had a specific heading for this section. The trend of reporting limitations has increased during current decades and students in humanities areas have paid more attentions to this section. Overall, 22 key limitations have been repeated 268 times in the TDs and “sampling bias” is more frequent with 29 repeats among them. Addressing research limitations in TDs is very incomplete. Transparent addressing of research limitations may help readers and stakeholders understand and apply research findings more effectively. The role of educators and academic institutes to inform newcomer researchers about the importance and structure of research limitations section in their reports is vital. This is the first study to examine research limitations in Persian academic literature and can inspire more research on this subject. The stakeholders of research, such as faculties, students, universities, research centers, readers/beneficiaries, and sponsors will be informed about key research limitations in TDs.

Research is a systematic study that is conducted to meet the scientific and technological needs of the country and generate wealth. But the emergence of the phenomenon of scientific fraud by Iranian researchers in recent years has called this principle into question. The aim of this study was to identify the outcomes of the scientific fraud of Iranian researchers in scientific-international databases with a qualitative approach and content analysis method. Data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 22 top researchers, experts and policy makers in the country in 2018-2019 using targeted sampling and snowball type. The findings showed that "reducing social support for science", "degrading Iran's scientific-international status", "diminishing the importance of education", negative outcomes and "changing the attitude of policymakers to research violations", "reviewing the student admission system", "Improving the regulations for the promotion of faculty members", "Teaching examples of research violations and its legal status" are among the expected outcomes of exposing this phenomenon. Therefore it is possible, by examining the underlying and environmental causes and conditions of the occurrence of scientific fraud and identifying the basic strategies to deal with it, it prevented the occurrence of the phenomenon of scientific fraud, which leads to the mentioned negative outcomes.

The purpose of this pathological study was to compile scientific articles, which were evaluated through a researcher-made questionnaire on six basic questions. The target population of this study was all postgraduate students of humanities in Tehran, Allameh Tabatabai and Shahid Beheshti Universities (22436). According to Morgan table, 384 students were selected using a convenience sampling electronic questionnaire. A total of 372 valid questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The results show that the situation was not good research ethics and the lack of an ethical code of laws of the country in the form of regulations to promote faculty research and it is fueled largely. Fixing this problem was studied in six areas: The first change in the wrong value system emerged about the role of science and the scientific position, the second attempt to educate students for professional, third: change the rules of the Ministry of Science Thesis, IV: change the simplifying view the domination of science, fifth raise the sensitivity (especially in the scientific community) about the educational impact of unethical behavior and eventually VI: Research ethics charter and designing mechanisms for proper implementation of this.

In recent years, the rate of academic misconduct and consequently, the number of retracted articles in many countries has increased. Because the phenomenon of retraction often occurs in prestigious international journals and after the publication of paper, an article may retract many years later. In order to study retracted articles, the amount of post retraction citation is a most important subject in the scientific relationship and citation behavior of researchers in different areas. The purpose of present study is to compare the world's retracted articles with regard to the amount of prior to retraction citations and post retraction citations by fields and countries. This is an applied research and has been conducted using scientometric methods and descriptive-analytical approach. Statistical population is all retracted articles of world in the fields of humanities, medical sciences, engineering science and pure science which have been indexed by Clarivate Analytics database from 1970 to 2017. All articles reviewed in Microsoft Excel for the citation status. Findings: Research findings indicate that in all four areas, articles have also been cited after retraction. Except engineering field, which has received a high percentage of prior to retraction citations, other fields had a high percentage of post retraction citations. Among the countries with the most retracted articles in the Clarivate Analytics, all citations received by the United States, Iran and Sweden were post retraction citations. Application: In fact this study is a policy research related to citation behavior of researchers of different fields in the world and can play an important role in determining the scientific luck of articles after retraction in different scientific disciplines. Authenticity (originality) /value: In the field of scientific misconduct and retracted articles, there has been no research on the comparative study of the citation of these papers in various sciences.

The purpose of this inquiry was determining evaluated research ethics in higher education with the concentration on individual characteristics and professional responsibilities of researchers in Tehran governmental universities.

The study was conducted through content analysis method with qualitative approach and the necessary information was collected through semi-structured interviews. Research population consisted of faculty members and graduate students from Tehran’ governmental universities. A total of 37 interviews were conducted with informants. In order to analyze the narrative information, content analysis was used in three consecutive process transcribing interviews and open coding.

The results revealed that researchers’ ethics can be divided into two categories, individual characteristics and professional responsibilities. The individual characteristics include commitment, honesty, motivation, Perseverance and patience and ethical responsibilities involve responsibilities to the community, sponsors, partners, subjects, research topic, other researchers, data collection and analysis, and publication of results.

Coclusion: 

generally be said to improve ethics of research among the scientific community requires attention to infrastructure development and quality in research.