جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Knowledge sharing » در نشریات گروه « کتابداری و مدیریت اطلاعات »

Knowledge is the axis of value creation in today's organizations. Knowledge management as a strategic capital of an organization is considered the most important organizational advantage. On the other hand, the importance of sharing the experiences of librarians to each other in order to perform their professional duties, shows the role of knowledge transfer and sharing methods among librarians. These days, improving the performance of the organization is a response from an organization to face the challenges that arise from the rapid global transformations. From the organization's point of view, this challenge includes responding to the needs of customers and providing goods or services with a high degree of efficiency and in an efficient and effective manner. From the perspective of organizational members, this challenge includes improving the quality of work life. So that the organization is a pleasant and satisfying place for work and effort.This paper examines the state of knowledge sharing among managers and librarians of public libraries in the city of Ahvaz. Every organization has its own culture, which is influenced by the culture of the organization's people. In this research, it has tried to measure the effect of culture on knowledge sharing in the form of components such as competition, motivation, support, cooperation, trust, etc.Research questions are:What is the culture of knowledge sharing among the employees (librarians and managers) of Ahvaz public libraries?What are the different methods of sharing knowledge among the employees (librarians and managers) of public libraries in Ahvaz?What is the status of information and communication technologies for sharing knowledge among public libraries in Ahvaz.

Literature Review:

Literature review shows that there is a positive and significant relationship between organizational culture and knowledge sharing in many studies. For example, a study by Burnette (2017) aims to explore the nature of tacit knowledge (TK) sharing among library colleagues, with a focus on the characteristics of TK and contextual factors such as organizational culture or the mentor/mentee relationship. Three thematic areas emerged. First are the influence of organizational culture and the importance of trust in knowledge sharing behavior. Second, the value of teamwork and the significance of mentor/mentee roles surface as significant drivers of TK exchange. Last but not least is a better understanding of the nature of TK, as it relates to types of knowledge and characterizations of experience and expertise.

This is an applied research and has been done by survey. The statistical population was all employees (managers and librarians) of public libraries in Ahvaz City and the implementation time was 2022. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data, and the content validity of the questionnaire was obtained by experts' opinion and its reliability using Cronbach's alpha (0.90) and dividing it into two halves (0.85). In analyzing the questionnaire data, descriptive statistics techniques were used for demographics, and techniques such as one-sample t-test and Friedman's rank average test were used for the questionnaire's inferential questions.

In terms of the components of sharing culture, the competition between employees for sharing knowledge with the highest average (3.16) has the best status, and the managers' motivation to share knowledge with other libraries is the lowest with an average of 2.70. Also, the state of knowledge sharing in terms of different methods of knowledge sharing shows that the most favorable state is related to courses and workshops with an average of 3.55, followed by the enterprise resource planning (ERP) with 3.51, as well as the quality of personal communication and informal among librarians with an average of 3.26. The findings show the status of knowledge sharing and communication technology from the point of view of the managers and librarians of public libraries in the city. For instance, while training courses and workshops and personal and informal communication between librarians, as well as administrative automation are good, other things such as employee performance and the culture of knowledge sharing are less favorable. Cases were found where there was a lack of awareness of the importance of knowledge sharing and a lack of organizational support.

The results of the current research show that information and communication technology and then knowledge-sharing methods are in a more suitable situation than the categories of employee behavior and knowledge-sharing culture. According to the findings regarding the knowledge-sharing methods, where Friedman's test was used, the highest average rating was given to the method of sharing and exchanging knowledge from courses and workshops with an average rating of 9.63 with a deviation of 0.78. The next ranks were administrative automation system with an average rank of 9.43 and personal and informal communication between librarians with an average rank of 8.46. Finally, the knowledge management system with an average rating of 5.36, publications and bulletins with an average rating of 5.30, and public libraries with an average rating of 4.67, have the lowest average, which should be used by examining the problem of the degree of its solution.Overall, this study shows there is a need to improve information technology and the culture of knowledge sharing.

The current research was conducted with the aim of studying social computer technologies in knowledge alignment in public libraries of Semnan province. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical and correlational survey method has been used. The statistical population of the general research is the librarians working in the public libraries of Semnan province in 1402, using the simple random sampling method and based on the Kargesi Morgan table, 162 of them were selected as the sample size, and 150 questionnaires were delivered. A questionnaire was also used to collect information. Also from S. P. S. S was used. The results of the research show that the components of knowledge alignment (attitude, mental norms, perceived behavioral control, willingness to share knowledge and knowledge sharing behavior) and the facilities and services of knowledge alignment of Telegram and WhatsApp are in a favorable condition from the point of view of the librarians of Semnan province. The variable of subjective norms can play an effective role in predicting the tendency to align knowledge. Both factors of willingness to share knowledge (β=0.727, p=0.0005<0.05) and control beliefs (β=0.181, p=0.05<0.002) affect knowledge sharing behavior. It was concluded that, among the independent variables, only the knowledge alignment facilities and services variable (β=0.215, p>0.05) has an effective role in predicting mental norms. The variable of knowledge alignment facilities and services (β=0.182, p>0.05) also has an effective role in predicting knowledge alignment (total).

Knowledge sharing among employees is a key component in gaining a competitive advantage for organizations in today's dynamic environment. Knowledge sharing is vital for organizations, so the aim of this article is to identify and categorize barriers to knowledge sharing, rank these barriers, and provide solutions to overcome them in an organization.

This research utilizes a mixed-method approach, and the data collection tools include library studies, semi-structured interviews, and questionnaires. The target population of this research consists of managers, administrative staff, and heads of counties in the Iran Public Libraries Foundation. The research sample includes 170 individuals selected through cluster sampling.

The results of the comprehensive analysis led to the identification of 83 indicators in 4 main dimensions, including technological barriers, organizational barriers, cultural barriers, and individual barriers to knowledge sharing. The dimension of technological barriers includes 12 indicators, the dimension of organizational barriers includes 21 indicators, the dimension of cultural barriers includes 15 indicators, and finally, the dimension of individual barriers includes 21 indicators.

The findings indicate that "organizational barriers" have the most significant impact, while "cultural barriers" have the least significant impact on knowledge sharing in the country's Public Libraries Foundation. Consequently, necessary solutions have been proposed to address these barriers

Training entrepreneurs in the tourism industry, which is the main source of income and employment in many countries today, can help sustainable development. Also, one of the characteristics of the current era, which is called the knowledge-oriented era, is the rapid changes in technology. In this regard, the aim of this research is to examine the moderating role of smart business ecosystem characteristics in the relationship between knowledge sharing and entrepreneurship growth in the tourism industry.

This study is applied in terms of purpose, and from the point of view of how to collect data, this study is in the field of descriptive survey research. The statistical population of this research includes industrial and academic specialists and experts in the field of tourism. The sample size of the present research was estimated based on Klein's rule of thumb and, using a random sampling method, 300 people were available, and 382 questionnaires were distributed to prevent the sample size from dropping. In this research, two library and field methods were used to collect data, and the variables investigated in the current study were measured through polling using an "electronic questionnaire". To measure knowledge acquisition and knowledge donation, each with 4 items from the research of Kim and Lee (2014); The characteristics of the smart business ecosystem are 7 items from the studies of Fernandez-Portillo et al. (2024) and finally, the growth of entrepreneurship with 5 items from the studies of De Klerk and et al. Also, the face validity of this questionnaire was confirmed by the opinion of professors and experts in this field, and its content validity was confirmed by the relative content validity index based on the opinions of 10 experts knowledgeable about the research topic, and its reliability or validity was also confirmed with the help of Cronbach's alpha test. In this research, SPSS version 22 and SmartPLS version 3 were used to examine and test the hypotheses.

Each of the dimensions of knowledge sharing; acquiring knowledge with a path coefficient of 0.118 and a significant test statistic of 5.121 and donating knowledge with a path coefficient of 0.360 and a significant test statistic of 9.385 have a significant effect on the growth of entrepreneurship. The characteristics of the smart business ecosystem with a path coefficient of 0.064 and a significant test statistic of 2.753 were able to influence the relationship between knowledge acquisition and entrepreneurship growth. Also, the characteristics of the smart business ecosystem with a path coefficient of 0.057 and a significant test statistic of 2.560 could moderate the relationship between knowledge donation and entrepreneurship growth.

Knowledge sharing facilitates the widespread dissemination of critical information and strengthens the creation of innovative business practices and allows entrepreneurs to access valuable resources, absorb technical knowledge, and build relationships in the entrepreneurial networks of the tourism industry. Also, the features of the smart business ecosystem create an environment for sharing knowledge in line with entrepreneurship activities and growth.

The current study aims to explore the attitudes, motivations, and obstacles to knowledge sharing among postgraduate students at the University of Tabriz.

The research method employed is a descriptive survey. The statistical population of the present study is 6,223 postgraduate students from the University of Tabriz, with a sample of 374 individuals selected based on the relative stratified sampling method according to the Krejci-Morgan table. Data were collected using a researcher-developed questionnaire. Its validity was confirmed by experts in Library and Information Science, and its reliability was determined to be 82.9% using Cronbach’s alpha. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 24, employing descriptive and inferential statistics, independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and linear regression.

The research findings indicated that the respondents’ age, gender, and major academic groups of the respondents had an effect on their knowledge sharing behavior, but their level of education did not. Pearson’s correlation coefficient results revealed a significant relationship between the extent of knowledge sharing and the components of attitude, motivation, barriers, resources, types of information, and knowledge sharing channels. Furthermore, the multiple regression analysis results showed that among all the independent variables, ‘attitude towards knowledge sharing’, ‘types of shared information and knowledge’, and ‘motivation to share knowledge’ were included in the equation. These three components explain 19% of the changes related to knowledge sharing.

Knowledge sharing can facilitate the exchange of ideas, experiences, and knowledge among students, leading to an expansion of knowledge and a deeper understanding of their subjects. In general, the implementation of knowledge sharing among postgraduate students at the University of Tabriz could help achieve the university’s educational and research objectives.

Job characteristics, including job autonomy, can significantly impact various work-related and behavioral outcomes for an organization’s employees. These outcomes encompass creativity within the work environment, as well as knowledge-related behaviors such as knowledge gathering, knowledge sharing, and innovation. On one hand, job independence provides the conditions necessary for the emergence of knowledge-related behaviors. On the other hand, it can also serve as a catalyst for innovation and innovative behaviors through knowledge behaviors. The primary objective of this study is to explore the role of knowledge gathering and sharing behaviors in the relationship between job autonomy and innovative behavior of librarians of Ahvaz universities.

This study employed an applied research approach, using an analytical survey method. The statistical population of the research consisted of all librarians working in university libraries in Ahvaz in Iran. To determine the sample size, Morgan’s table was used. Given that the total number of librarians exceeded 120 individuals, a sample size of 92 respondents completed the questionnaires. The research data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation method and structural equation modeling (SEM) in SmartPLS and SPSS.

The research results indicate that knowledge gathering behavior has an effect on the relationship between job autonomy and innovative behavior of librarians of the university libraries of Ahvaz (ᵦ = 0.39). In addition, knowledge sharing behavior has an effect on the relationship between job autonomy and innovative behavior of the university libraries in Ahvaz (ᵦ = 0.42).

Giving special attention to human resources as the primary factor in knowledge gathering and sharing, job autonomy, and innovative behavior plays an important role in the development of the knowledge-sharing process and enhancing organizational empowerment in terms of discovering the hidden knowledge held by individuals. The study results highlight the significance of employee job independence across various dimensions: criteria, methods, and schedules. Such independence provides a valuable opportunity for employees to go beyond rigid procedures in their work, actively seeking to learn and share insights with their colleagues. Ultimately, this article aims to offer practical recommendations for achieving organizational goals within university libraries. According to the results, it is suggested that: Employees of university libraries and academic librarians should be encouraged to acquire knowledge and develop essential skills. This empowerment not only enriches their work but also opens up possibilities for innovative behaviors within their job responsibilities. Also, the independence of employees should be taken into consideration. Specifically, employees should be granted discretion and relative freedom when making decisions related to criteria, methods, and timing in performing their duties. This autonomy provides an opportunity for them to leverage their knowledge capacities and introduce new ideas and innovative behaviors within the context of the autonomy granted. By implementing these recommendations, organizations can foster a culture of continuous learning, creativity, and innovation among their library staff.

Loyalty and satisfaction of employees are key factors for the success and survival of any organization, especially service-oriented organizations like public libraries. On one hand, maintaining the position and dignity of the public library requires consideration of the performance and loyalty of its librarians. On the other hand, it is essential to focus on implementing a knowledge management system and promoting knowledge sharing in service-oriented organizations to enhance loyalty and organizational performance. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the impact of knowledge management and knowledge sharing systems on the performance and loyalty of librarians in public libraries in Fars province.
The present study was conducted as applied research. Data collection involved a descriptive survey and correlation analysis. The statistical population comprised 331 librarians from public libraries in Fars province, with a sample size of 175 selected using the stratified random method based on the Krejci & Morgan table. The study utilized four questionnaires on knowledge management (Newman and Konrad, 2000), knowledge sharing (Panahi, Watson, and Partridge, 2012), librarian performance (Zarei and Same Siahkolroudi, 2017), and librarian loyalty (Yeh, Yeong, and Cheng, 2010; June, Cai, and Shin, 2006). The questionnaires demonstrated Cronbach's alpha coefficients above 0.7. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 25 for descriptive statistics and Smart PLS software for Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to determine the relationships between variables. The measurement model section utilized Cronbach's alpha, Construct Reliability (CR), and Convergent Validity (CV) indexes. Additionally, the model fit was assessed using Normed Fit Index (NFI), Standardized Root Mean Square Residuals (SRMR), d-G, d-ULS, and Chi-Square.
The findings showed that the status of variables related to knowledge management, knowledge sharing, performance of librarians, and loyalty of librarians in the public libraries of Fars province is in good condition and above average. Among the research variables, the performance of librarians, with an average of 4.04, was higher than other variables. The results of the correlation test indicated a significant and positive relationship between knowledge management and knowledge sharing (p<0.01, r = 0.373) with librarians' performance (p<0.01, r = 0.342) and loyalty (p<0.01,r = 0.484). Additionally, there was a significant and positive relationship between knowledge sharing and the performance of librarians (p<0.01, r = 0.513) and loyalty of librarians (p<0.01, r = 0.596). The indicators of the measurement model for the construct reliability index and Cronbach's alpha were above 0.7, indicating the reliability of the construct. The average variance extracted index for the convergent validity of the model was also higher than 0.5 for all variables, indicating appropriate convergent validity. The results of the SEM fit showed that the coefficient of determination for librarians' performance and loyalty were calculated as 0.327 and 0.561, respectively, indicating the prediction of 32% and 56% of the variance in performance and loyalty of librarians. Furthermore, the Goodness of Fit (GOF) index was calculated as 0.56, indicating a relatively strong fit of the proposed model.
One of the crucial factors influencing the professional conduct of librarians is their performance level and loyalty to libraries and information centers. Understanding the loyalty status of librarians can assist managers in planning to achieve desired objectives. By elucidating the correlation between knowledge management, knowledge sharing, organizational loyalty, and librarian performance, the research findings can capture the attention of library managers and officials to bolster the knowledge management and sharing systems in libraries. This will create conducive conditions for enhancing the performance and loyalty of librarians. By improving access to knowledge, honing expertise, and promoting continuous learning, librarians can deliver optimal service to users and establish a more efficient relationship with the organization.

Given the growing significance of social networks in fostering knowledge sharing among researchers, the present study examines the scientific output related to sharing on social media using bibliometric and altimetric methods. The aim is to explore the thematic trends and behavioral patterns of knowledge sharing among researchers in this field.

This applied research utilizes a descriptive approach and employs bibliometrics and altmetric methods. A total of 1498 articles published in the area of “knowledge sharing on social media” and indexed in Scopus from 1999 to 2021 were examined. Descriptive statistics, including frequency tables, and inferential statistics, such as Spearman correlation test, were used to analyze the data. To study the extent of sharing research outputs on social media, Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) extracted from Scopus were queried in the Altmetric Explorer database. Altmetric data for the articles were collected and analyzed in Excel format. VOSViewer software was utilized to visualize the thematic map of articles. Additionally, R software was employed to analyze the relationship between citation and altmetric indicators and the creation of a correlation matrix.

The findings suggest a significant increase in research outputs in the field of sharing on social media over time. Authors affiliated with the United States, China, and the United Kingdom had the highest share of publications. The results demonstrate that the interdisciplinary nature of sharing on social media has attracted researchers from various fields, including computer science, social sciences, business, management, accounting, engineering, and decision science, to contribute to research publications in this area. Seventy-three percent of the articles studied have received at least one citation in Scopus. The analysis of word co-occurrence networks in publications reveals that keywords such as "knowledge sharing," "social media," "social networks," "social network analysis," "knowledge management," "social capital," and "social software" are the most frequently mentioned in the articles studied. The keyword co-occurrence analysis also indicates that in the early 2010s, researchers primarily focused on concepts like and in the early 2020s, there has been an increasing emphasis on concepts such as “Facebook”, “Twitter”, and “enterprise social media”.Twenty percent of research outputs with DOIs received a non-zero altmetric score. The most commonly used altmetric sources among researchers were Twitter, news sites, Facebook, blogs, and policy documents. An analysis of social media mentions over the ten years from 2012 to 2021 showed a consistent upward trend. The study of the geographical distribution of attention to research outputs showed that the highest number of attentions was received from European countries, North American countries, and Oceania. The comparison of the geographic distribution of publications and mentions indicated that countries such as China and Taiwan, which were among the top five countries with the highest number of publications, are placed in lower ranks on the list of countries with the most mentions of articles on social media. On the other hand, researchers from countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and Germany have significantly utilized social media platforms to share their research findings. The study of journals publishing research articles indicated that the journal Computers in Human Behavior had the highest number of mentioned articles.The results demonstrated a statistically significant and positive relationship between the number of citations received in Scopus and the level of attention these articles garnered on social media platforms. In essence, the attention given to articles on social media positively influences the citation of these documents in other research outputs, and articles that are extensively shared on social media tend to have a greater citation impact over time. The results did not reveal a statistically significant difference between the altmetric score of open-access articles and non-open-access articles.

The research results emphasize the importance and the growing role of social media in knowledge sharing among researchers. An analysis of the frequency of articles with altmetric indicators reveals an upward trend in the share of research outputs related to social media in recent years. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the bibliometric and altmetric characteristics of research outputs in the area of “knowledge sharing on social media”. The findings of this research can be valuable for future studies, policy-making, and practical efforts related to knowledge sharing on social media.

In recent years, the reliance of organizations on the knowledge capital that originates from their employees has increased. This internal knowledge is the main factor of success and survival in today's business environment. Knowledge-oriented organizations consider knowledge sharing as an important learning strategy to achieve innovative performance. With the increasing dependence of the economy on knowledge, today knowledge is considered as the most important factor in gaining competitive advantage and achieving greater performance and profitability. All organizations -both large and small ones- consider knowledge as an essential resource in gaining a competitive advantage. Of course, Knowledge will be effective when it is shared among the employees of the organization and finally used in practice. Therefore, knowledge sharing not only makes employees share their previous knowledge with others, it also helps them to gain valuable new knowledge; It helps to create, improve and implement innovative ideas. This research aims to develop the argument that knowledge sharing strengthens the effect of the role of organizational climate on innovative work behavior; It examines the effect of organizational climate on the innovative behavior of employees and the mediating role of knowledge sharing in knowledge-based companies in Fars province, in order to properly understand the type of relationship and how organizational climate and knowledge sharing influence the innovative performance of employees in knowledge-based companies. Managers find the possibility to plan and manage more appropriate measures for the development of innovation in the company, in line with the greater productivity of the organization.

The current research is an applied research. which investigated the effect of organizational climate on knowledge sharing and innovative work behavior of employees of knowledge-based companies in Fars province in the year 2021 with an experimental method. According to Cochran's formula, the statistical sample size is 190 people. Due to the possibility of non-cooperation of some statistical samples in completing the questionnaire, the questionnaire was sent to 250 people from the statistical population. 235 questionnaires were completed by employees of knowledge-based companies. In order to cover the objectives of the research, a combined questionnaire was used, including the organizational climate questionnaire of Jane, Farmer, Pichatka, Frederick and Lukas (2015), the knowledge sharing questionnaire of Jane et al. (2015) and the innovative behavior questionnaire of Janssen (2004). In order to analyze the data and respond to the research hypotheses, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used by SmartPLS software. In order to check the validity of the questionnaire, formal and content validity methods were used. In this way, the questionnaire was given to 5 experts in the field of entrepreneurship, and they were asked for their opinions on the questions and the evaluation of the hypotheses, and they unanimously approved the questionnaire. Also, a confirmatory factor analysis was carried out using SmartPLS software, and its validity checked out. In order to calculate the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated. The partial least squares method was used to validate the model. The results of running the model in the standard estimation mode show the direction and intensity of the relationship between the variables. In order to check the significance of the relationships between the variables of the model, the bootstrap method was used. In this research, convergent validity, composite reliability, Cronbach's alpha and divergent validity were used to fit the external model.

In the case of all constructs, the average variance extracted is greater than 0.5, so there is a convergent validity. Cronbach's alpha of all variables is greater than 0.7, so the reliability is confirmed. The combined reliability value is also greater than the extracted average variance and, in all cases, it is greater than the threshold of 0.7, so the third condition is also met. The coefficient of influence of organizational climate on innovative behavior was obtained as 0.409. Also, the value of t statistic is 4.160. Therefore, it can be claimed with 95% certainty: organizational climate has a positive and significant effect on innovative behavior. The coefficient of influence of organizational atmosphere on knowledge sharing was obtained as 0.854. Also, the value of t-test is 9.522. Therefore, it can be claimed with 95% confidence that organizational climate has a positive and significant effect on knowledge sharing. The effect coefficient of knowledge sharing on innovative behavior is 0.396. Also, the value of t-test was 2.575. Therefore, it can be claimed with 95% confidence: knowledge sharing has a positive and significant effect on innovative behavior.

Based on the results obtained in this research, the organizational climate has a positive and significant effect on the knowledge sharing of employees in knowledge-based companies. Examining the relationship between knowledge sharing and innovative work behavior confirms the positive and significant effect of knowledge sharing on innovative behavior among employees of knowledge-based companies. The innovative behavior of employees is a type of motivating behavior; on the other hand, sharing knowledge is a behavior beyond the actual role of employees in the organization. Therefore, considering this fact, it can be expected that when the level of knowledge and information exchange in the organization is higher, the motivation of employees for innovative activities will increase. Therefore, the increase of information resources resulting from knowledge sharing can be considered as one of the factors of innovative work behavior in the organization. The general results of this research show the direct and indirect effect of the organizational climate (through knowledge sharing) on the innovative work behavior of employees of knowledge-based companies in Fars province. Knowledge sharing increases the effect of organizational climate on innovative work behavior. Based on this, it can be concluded that knowledge sharing behavior has a decisive role in the emergence of innovative work behavior.

Knowledge sharing is one of the key processes of knowledge management, and its effective implementation plays a significant role in achieving the goals of knowledge management. Many factors affect the knowledge sharing of employees, one of the most important is the trust factor. Trust is one of the important and effective components in any model of organizational knowledge sharing. Based on this, in the present research, an attempt has been made to investigate the relationship between knowledge sharing and organizational trust with a comprehensive approach and using the meta-analysis method.

The current research is practical in terms of purpose, which has used the meta-analysis method to determine, collect, combine and summarize the study findings on the subject of the relationship between the variables of knowledge sharing and organizational trust. In this research, first by using the keywords of trust (organizational trust, institutional trust) and those of knowledge sharing (knowledge sharing, knowledge transfer) in databases such as the Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (IranDoc), Tehran University Central Library, MagIran, Jihad Site (SID), and foreign databases such as Emerald, ProQuest, Elsevier and Springer were searched and all articles and theses that investigated the relationship between trust and knowledge sharing were collected. The number of samples reached 72 studies after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria and using the purposeful sampling method. The scale of effect size was correlation coefficients and statistical analysis was done with comprehensive meta-analysis software (CMA2).

The meta-analysis results showed that the effect size in the random effects model for the institutional trust component is equal to .468, for the individual (cognitive- affective) trust component is equal to .428, and for the organizational trust structure is equal to .446, which according to Cohen's criterion (1988) all three obtained combined effect sizes are medium to high effect sizes. Also, examining the role of moderating variables showed that the variable of the "research location" (English and Persian) is one of the factors of the heterogeneity of the effect size. The effect size in the Persian research was equal to .482, which is more than the effect size in English research, which was equal to .401. The Q statistic (between groups) for the variable of "research location" was also obtained at a favorable significance level, which indicated its moderating role on the observed effect size. Also, regarding the role of the "publication type" variable, the significance level for the Q statistic (between groups) was higher than the desired level (p>.05). Therefore, it was concluded that the" type of publication" as a moderating variable has no effect on the observed effect. In other words, although the effect size of .448 obtained in the reviewed articles is more than the effect size of theses, it is not statistically significant and acceptable.

The results of this research showed that the relationship between organizational trust and its components (individual, institutional trust) and knowledge sharing is effective and in terms of the size of their effect, it is medium (upwards). In explaining the results, it can be said that organizational trust plays an important role in knowledge sharing, and a high level of trust in relationships among organizational members makes them more willing to share knowledge with each other and the majority of studies reviewed in this research have reported the trust as an important factor affecting knowledge sharing. Therefore, paying attention to organizational trust and its influencing dimensions on the intention and behavior of knowledge sharing can greatly help to improve the performance of the organization's knowledge management system. Based on this, it is necessary for managers of organizations to improve the knowledge sharing behavior of employees by creating a favorable organizational atmosphere. In this regard, by adopting encouraging and supportive policies, justice and fair treatment, promoting group learning, and forming informal and friendly groups, the institutional and individual trust of employees can be improved.

The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of personal information management on knowledge sharing with the mediating role of knowledge system commitment (case study: librarians of Mashhad public libraries).

The current research is a descriptive-correlation survey. The statistical population includes all 112 active librarians in the public libraries of Mashhad, and the statistical sample of 86 people was determined by using the sample size table of Kargesi Morgan. The research tool is a questionnaire. By distributing questionnaires among librarians, 83 questionnaires were completed and received.

To analyze the data from descriptive statistics and from inferential statistics (the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test to determine the normality of the data distribution, from the regression test for the effect of independent variable factors on knowledge sharing, from the Sobel test to measure the effect of the mediating role Knowledge system commitment in the relationship between (personal information management and knowledge sharing) and Friedman's test was used to rank the components

The results of the present study indicate that the factors of personal information management (transparency of information, preventive information and formality of information) have had an impact on librarians' knowledge sharing with the mediating role of knowledge system commitment in public libraries of Mashhad. Based on the Friedman test, the average ranks of each variable were in order (the effect of preventive system commitment on knowledge sharing, the formality of information on librarians' knowledge sharing) from the highest effect to the lowest effect.

People who have a sense of trust in the leadership believe that they are treated fairly and with fairness and sincerity in the organization. These people are honest and transparent in their business communication, and their ability to listen to the opinions of others is more and better. Among the other factors that contribute to the increase of organizational quality and maturity, especially in organizations with information technology, is the quality of information systems and knowledge sharing. These three factors can be the basis for creation of creativity, motivation and promotion of knowledge in the organization. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of trust in leadership, knowledge sharing, and the quality of information systems on innovation and employee motivation in public libraries.

The current research is practical in terms of its purpose, and is quantitative-descriptive in terms of the type and method of collecting research data, and is based on the structural equation model (SEM) that was conducted using the survey method. The statistical population of the study included all the employees of the public libraries of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province in the year 1400 in the number of 148 people, which was sampled using a simple random sampling method and finally 113 complete questionnaires were analyzed. To collect data from the leadership trust questionnaire (Seo et al., 2016), information systems quality questionnaire (Delon and McLean, 2004), employee innovation questionnaire (Scott and Brath, 1994), employee motivation questionnaire (Bakhshi et al., 2004) and knowledge sharing questionnaire (Lee, 2001) was used. The content validity of the tool was verified by experts and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach’s alpha.

In order to achieve the purpose of the research, eight sub-hypotheses were defined to fully evaluate and examine all aspects of the research. The findings showed that trust in leadership has a significant effect on employee innovation and motivation. In addition, the quality of information systems affects the innovation and motivation of employees. On the other hand, trust in leadership and the quality of information systems affect knowledge sharing, and knowledge sharing is also effective on employee innovation and motivation.

Originality/value: 

The current research has investigated the effect of trust in leadership, knowledge sharing and the quality of information systems on innovation and motivation in all active public libraries in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. This research is the the first study based on the combination of internal and external reference questionnaires that have dealt with the determining role of these factors in increasing the service quality of public libraries in Iran. In addition, the results of this research can help library managers to move the atmosphere of collaboration within the library towards more favorable conditions in the interaction between employees and provide more creativity and motivation for colleagues with appropriate policy making and planning. This policy itself can lead to a more appropriate response from library staff to clients.

What justifies the investigation of the effect of information literacy and information technologies on the sharing of knowledge by different sections of society is the widespread use of public and scientific media among different sections of society, different understanding of information literacy and the importance of sharing knowledge in different strata of society. Information literacy and information and communication technologies are the determining factors in today’s constantly changing conditions. This study has investigated the role of information literacy and information technologies in knowledge sharing among public library staff.

The current research is an applied research that collects information in a descriptive manner. The statistical population of the research includes 149 librarians of the public libraries of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces in the year 1400 SH. 108 people were randomly selected as the research sample using Cochran’s formula. Hosseini and Ghasemi (2019) questionnaire was used to collect data. The independent variable in this research is information literacy, which includes the components of identifying information needs, finding and evaluating the quality of information, storing and retrieving information, effective and ethical use of information, and creating and communicating knowledge. The dependent variable of the research is knowledge sharing and the mediating variable is information technology. The validity of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability. The value of Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability was greater than 0/7. In this research, partial least squares (PLS) method was used to investigate the relationship between variables. Using this method, the relationship between the variables and also the strength of the relationship between them were obtained.

The examination of the research hypotheses revealed that the standard factorial value of the effect of identifying the need for information, finding and assessing the quality of information, storing and retrieving information, effective and ethical use of information, and creating and communicating knowledge on knowledge sharing, was respectively 0/378, 0/517, 0/566, 0/566, and 0/493. Therefore, in all cases, the mentioned indicators have a positive and significant effect on the knowledge sharing of public library employees. Moreover, the standard factor loading value of the effect of identifying the need for information, finding and evaluating the quality of information, storing and retrieving information, effective and ethical use of information, and creating and communicating knowledge through information technology on knowledge sharing was calculated to be respectively 0/679, 0/93, and 0/639, 0/842, and 0/832. According to the calculated factor load, all the mentioned indicators have a positive and significant effect on knowledge sharing through information technology. Accordingly, the mediating role of information technology in influencing information literacy on knowledge sharing was confirmed. In general, according to the value of the standard factor of information literacy on knowledge sharing value of 0/870 and the value of t statistic (t = 46/144>1/96), one can conclude that the index of information literacy through information technologies has a positive and significant effect on the process of knowledge sharing among public library staff.

Originality/value: 

This research has investigated for the first time the effect of information literacy and information technology on knowledge sharing in the public libraries of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces. In this regard, the present research is considered innovative. Research findings indicate that information literacy affects knowledge sharing either directly or through communication information technologies. Thus, the impact of all dimensions of information literacy on knowledge sharing has significantly increased under the influence of information technologies.

The present research aims to examine and offer a model of a cloud-based knowledge-sharing process among the faculty members of Islamic Azad University (IAU).

This research is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of type of research, it is mixed exploratory, and in terms of research method, it is research-based on grounded theory. For the purpose of the research, all 2800 faculty members of Islamic Azad University (IAU) in the country were studied. To determine the sample size (397 people), a multi-stage sampling method and Cochran's sample size formula were used. In this research, structured interviews and electronic questionnaires were used as research tools in two qualitative and qualitative stages. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the interview with the experts continued until the theoretical adequacy. The pattern of knowledge-sharing behavior was extracted from the data of the qualitative phase of the research. Also, the research employed structural equations (Partial Least Square Model) to analyze the research data, using smartPLS software.

The research findings indicated that there were six effective components connected with the exploratory pattern of knowledge-sharing behavior, which are given below in order of priority: 1. Principal Component; the pivotal component with the factor of organizational maturity level, 2. Causal Conditions; including the management and organizational factors, 3. Strategies; including the factors affecting the development of job security and the improvement of the level of trust across organizations and organizational communication network, 4. Background Conditions; including organizational culture and technological infrastructures 5. Intervening Conditions, including the enhancement of workforce skills, and 6. Consequences. These include the factors affecting the efficiency of human resources and the development of occupational engagement.Similarly, the research results indicated that both the management factor and the organizational factors, as the dual elements of the component causal conditions, influenced the organizational maturity development process. This is because the T-statistic value given the effectiveness of the management factors and the path coefficient equaled 3.666 and 0.21, respectively, which is indicative of the direct positive effects of the management factors on organizational maturity. The organizational factors affected the maturity process directly and positively since the T-statistic value was 6.334 going beyond the absolute value of 1.96, and the path coefficient was 0.327.

Organizations can pave the way for the development of organizational maturity if they are in favorable conditions in terms of support from managers and the coordination between cloud computing and knowledge-sharing systems. The implementation of such systems across organizations will result in improved performance of the faculty members and an increased competitive advantage.

Background and objective:

 The major objective of a library is to support the educational, research, and cultural system libraries are valuated as driver elements of efficient and effective activities and services of the supporting and healing process, in addition to the aforementioned goals. The impact of knowledge on service organizations is higher compared to manufacturing organizations, and on the other hand, the ever-increasing number of service organizations has attracted more attention to this valuable asset in the world of service business. Library and internet investigations regarding the knowledge sharing behavior among librarians and service value creation for users in university libraries completely signify the fact that in our country, despite the many studies conducted in the field of knowledge sharing and service quality, modeling the impact of knowledge sharing on service value creation in the country's university library environments has been entirely abandoned. The aim of this study was to determine the components and provide a process model for creating service value in academic libraries through knowledge sharing behavior among librarians.

This research is applied in terms of purpose, and exploratory in terms of survey approach. The statistical population of this study was 19 experts in the fields of knowledge management and librarians who had full knowledge of the structure and status of university libraries and the duties of librarians working in these libraries. An in-depth interview was conducted until the theoretical saturation. In this phase of the research, the snowball sampling method was used. To do so, the first expert was selected according to preliminary investigations and more experts (among university professors, executive managers of university libraries, and experienced advisors) that have authority regarding knowledge management and service management and can help enrich the research model. In the qualitative phase of the research, the grounded theory method was implemented, and thus the main tool for data collection was conducting in-depth and unstructured interviews with experts in the marketing field. In these interviews, the researcher attempted to softly approach the discussion and gain the initial trust of the interviewees in order to pose questions regarding the antecedents and grounds for service value creation for university library users via the knowledge sharing behavior among librarians, the environmental factors impacting it, the consequences of this phenomena.

The present study aims at investigating the effect of communication and task conflict on the employees’ knowledge sharing with the mediating role of trust and psychological empowerment in the Hamadan Education Organization.

This is an applied study, and a data collection form was used to conduct a survey. The statistical population includes the authorities and employees of the Hamadan Education Organization. Since the population is infinite, 384 people were selected out of the employees, experts, and authorities of this organization by simple random sampling. The variables were measured by a standard questionnaire. The data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. The hypotheses were tested by structural equation modeling (SEM).

According to the results, task conflict can explain the variance of the employee’s communication conflicts by 64.3% and the psychological empowerment of the employees by 29.8%. Communication conflicts can explain the differences in psychological empowerment of 71.1% of employees, trust of 6.9% of employees, and knowledge sharing of 19.9% of employees. Psychological empowerment can explain 28.8% of employee trust fluctuations and 23.4% of employee knowledge sharing. The employees’ trust can explain 37.5% of the variance of the employees’ knowledge sharing in Hamadan Education Organization.

In the first hypothesis, the effect of task conflict on communication conflict was approved by 0.643. The results of the present study are consistent with the findings reported by Wei-Tsong Wang et al. (2019). In the second hypothesis, the effect of task conflict on the psychological empowerment of the employees was approved by -0.298. The standardized coefficient of correlation between these two variables is negative. So, this further strongly suggests that an increase in task conflict leads to a decrease in psychological empowerment of the employees, and vice versa. The results of this research are consistent with the findings reported by Mohammad et al. (2013). In the third hypothesis, the effect of communication conflict on the psychological empowerment of the employees was approved by 0.071. The results are consistent with the findings reported by Wei-Tsong Wang et al. (2019). So also, another hypothesis has approved the effect of communication conflict on the employees’ trust by 0.288. The results are consistent with the findings reported by Wei-Tsong Wang et al. (2019).  In the fifth hypothesis, the effect of psychological empowerment on the employees’ trust was approved by 0.069. The results are consistent with the findings reported by Alajmi (2017).  In the sixth hypothesis, the effect of psychological empowerment on the employees’ knowledge sharing in the Education Department was approved by 0.158. This finding is consistent with the results of studies performed by Helmy et al. (2019) and Ghalavandi et al. (2017).   In the seventh hypothesis, the effect of trust on employees’ knowledge sharing in the Hamadan Education Department was approved by 0.375. This finding is consistent with the results of studies performed by Hasanzadeh and Alizadeh (2017) and Ebrahimi et al. (2012). This hypothesis suggests that there is a significant positive relationship between the components of organizational trust and all the dimensions of knowledge management. Furthermore, trust components including the employees’ trust in each other, trust with the manager, and institutional trust can also play a significantly positive predictive role in explaining knowledge creation, knowledge sharing, knowledge application, and knowledge preservation. In other words, it can be concluded from this hypothesis that higher trust leads to participation in knowledge sharing and management that can eventually be effective in capability and performance. In the eighth hypothesis, the effect of communication conflict on the employees’ knowledge sharing was approved by 0.199. This finding is consistent with the results reported by Wei-Tsong Wang et al. (2019). Finally, the ninth hypothesis approved the effect of task conflict on the employees’ knowledge sharing in the Hamadan Education Department by -0.23. As the standardized coefficient of correlation between these two variables is negative, an increase in task conflict leads to a decrease in the employees’ knowledge sharing, and vice versa. Therefore, the research hypotheses show that the lower the conflict between the employees, the higher their trust in the organization will be. Thus, they will be more motivated to participate in group and systemic activities such as knowledge sharing and information exchange between different sectors. As shown in current and previous surveys, the factors mentioned can promote and improve employee performance and thus organizational performance.

Considering the importance of creating spiritual motivation in employees as a success factor in the implementation of knowledge management, the present study aimed to identify and rank the effective spiritual motivational factors in the establishment of knowledge management and the degree of affecting and impressible of these factors relative to each other from the perspective of experts in this field. This research is practical in terms of purpose and mixed in terms of method. First, by reviewing the literature, the effective spiritual motivational factors in the establishment of knowledge management were identified, and then the Delphi survey method was used to confirm the identified factors and reach a general consensus. For this purpose, a questionnaire containing the identified factors was prepared and distributed among the members of the expert team. Then, by preparing another questionnaire, known as Dimtel method questionnaire, the members of the expert team were asked to determine the intensity of each factor's effect in pairs. In this research, Dimtel's method was used in order to prioritize and identify causal and effectual factors. The statistical population of this research is 12 active and familiar experts in both the fields of knowledge management and human resource management. Out of a total of 27 identified motivational factors, 17 effective spiritual motivational factors in establishing knowledge management were approved by the experts. After determining the intensity of the existing relationships between the variables, based on the opinion of experts and performing the steps of the Dimtel Fuzzy method, it was determined that Leadership style and managerial actions, organizational culture and organizational justice are the three priorities that have the most influence on other spiritual motivational factors in the establishment of knowledge management and Employees' participation in affairs, creating a sense of being valued, and career advancement and promotion are the most effective spiritual motivational factors in the establishment of knowledge management. Also, the conditions of the working environment (physical conditions, equipment, etc.) are independent and do not have any influence or effectiveness on other factors. Motivated human resources, directly and indirectly, affect the implementation of knowledge management. In the meantime, spiritual motives lighten the burden of responsibility and make the road smoother. Therefore, one of the important tasks of managers of organizations that have created knowledge management initiatives in their organization or are in the early stages of implementing knowledge management is to know ways to create and strengthen spiritual motivation in employees. Investing more in influential factors, in addition to directly affecting the factor itself, can also influence other factors and indirectly respond to some of the executive burdens of other factors.

Knowledge sharing is one of the main processes of knowledge, which is affected by various human, technical and contextual factors. This research aims to identify the effect of professional relationships and toxic leadership on knowledge sharing.

In terms of the purpose, it is considered an applied research, and in terms of the data collection method, it is considered descriptive-correlation. The data of the study was collected from a sample of 313 employees of educational institutions who were selected according to the Krejcie-Morgan table and by the accessible method; In addition, the relative contribution of the class of the place of service has been considered in the selection of the sample. In order to collect data with Dixon's standard knowledge sharing questionnaire, Noe's professional relationships scale and Schmidt and Hanges toxic leadership subscale of the Rustayi toxic climate questionnaire were used. After removing outlier data using conventional methods, the number of samples reached 248 people. 235 of these employees were educational and cultural, and the data related to them were analyzed using Pearson's correlation test in SPSS 26 software and structural equation modeling in LISREL 8.8 software.

The results show the good fit of the conceptual model and the confirmation of all hypotheses, including the direct and positive effect of professional relationships on knowledge sharing, as well as the confirmation of its indirect effect through the mediation of Toxic leadership on knowledge sharing at a confidence level of 95%. The negative and significant effect of professional relationship on toxic leadership and the negative and significant effect of toxic leadership on knowledge sharing were also confirmed.

To prevent the diminishing effect of toxic leadership on knowledge sharing and also to prevent its diminishing effect on the effect of professional relationships on knowledge sharing, the educational-cultural staff of these institutions should not refrain from presenting views and refuse to give their opinion; Because their very action can provide the ground for the isolation of toxic leaders.

The main aim of this research is to study the scientific activity of the authors of highly-cited articles in the iMetrics field in the ResearcGate scientific social network and its impact on the scientometric indicators in the Google Scholar citation database. This study is a basic and applied research. The research community consists of the authors of the highly-cited articles in the field of iMetrics, indexed at the Scopus database in 2010-2019. In the first step of this research, all articles published in two core journals in the field of imetrics, namely Scientometrics and Journal of informetrics in the period under study are extracted from Scopus database.The extracted articles have been sorted in descending order based on the number of citations and the top 200 articles have been selected as the sample for review in terms of citation rate. The authors of these articles, who are members of the ResearchGate social network and also have profiles on Google Scholar, were then identified. Then, in the second step of the research, the relationship between the alternative metrics of the authors of the ResearchGate and the productivity indicators of these authors in the Google Scholar system was examined. The findings showed that due to the low correlation coefficient between the variables, there is not much relationship between the alternative measures of ResearchGate member authors and the H-index as well as the i10 index of the same authors in Google Scholar. In general, it can be said that although ResearchGate and other scientific social networks increase research communication and sharing of scientific products, this issue can be effective in the quantity of research outputs and increasing the visibility of scientific products, but to determine the actual usefulness of these media in practice , can be analyzed analytically by conducting separate researches in other thematic fields and on a wider scale.

Nowadays regarded to the importance of knowledge and its related activities in advancement of countries and organizations, scientific cooperation among the society elites and other groups can lead to unity and solidarity among them. The main purpose of this research was to investigate the role of knowledge sharing intention to unity among the faculty members of universities of Birjand and teachers of seminary schools.

The present research, through an applied method, surveyed the problem among university faculty members and teacher of seminary schools. Data were gathered by two validated and reliable questionnaires. The statistical population consisted of university faculty members and teachers of seminary schools. Among them, 198 individuals were selected as the sample of study through stratified random sampling method.

There was a significant difference among the two groups in control beliefs, total score of knowledge sharing, capability to tolerate the outsiders, and communication actions. Also, there was a significant relationship among the control beliefs to knowledge sharing with seminary (by university) and intention to unity. The results showed that attitude and norm beliefs to knowledge sharing with university (by seminary) significantly correlated with organization norms; control beliefs to knowledge sharing with university (by seminary) have significant relationship with sense of brotherhood; knowledge sharing behaviour with university (by seminary) significantly correlated with communication action, and organization norms have significant relationship with intention to unity. According to the results, there was a significant difference between the mean scores of knowledge sharing with outsider group and desire level. Total score of knowledge sharing with seminary (by university) had significant correlation with intention to unity and it components but total score of knowledge sharing with university (by seminary) just only was significantly correlated to organization norms and intention to unity. Also, the results revealed that attitude, control belief and intention to knowledge sharing with seminary (by university) were predictors of intention to unity and also, the knowledge sharing behavior with university (by seminary) was significant predictor of intention to unity. Knowledge sharing with academics by seminarians was not the only factor related to their desire to unite with academics, but factors such as technological factors, non-common specialized fields, organizational factors, etc. were effective in their desire to unite.

In general, knowledge sharing and scientific cooperation have important role in intention to unity among the two groups. Since belief control is affected by facilitating conditions and facilitating technology, creating specialized knowledge management software networks for both groups in the web environment will have a beneficial effect on knowledge sharing and unity between these two groups. Therefore, necessary measures should be taken in this regard.