جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « استرس » در نشریات گروه « تربیت بدنی »

Covid-19 is an infectious disease with a very high contagion in the society that its management and control is still considered a challenge for the health systems. Severe respiratory infections with corona various (COVID 19) complications such as hypoxia, lymphopenia, shortness of breath and heart disorders are among the manifestations of this disease. Fatigue, reduced lung function, reduced cardio-respiratory capacity, psychological problems such as depression and stress, reduced quality of life, and movement disorder are some of the permanent post-acute problems of people who have recovered from the corona virus. Due to the novelty of the corona virus, there is not much consistent evidence that rehabilitation training are effective in improving the physical condition, pulmonary and mental function in post-coronavirus patients. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of pulmonary rehabilitation training on pulmonary function, arterial oxygen, stress, depression and quality of life in post-covid patients.

Forty two patients (22 men and 20 women) with moderate to severe consequences of the covid-19 disease in the age range of 45-70 years were admitted to comprehensive 8-week outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation programme and divided into two groups of training and control. The trining protocol included eight weeks of aerobic, mental and breathing exercises (three days a week, 80 minutes per session) under the supervision and monitoring of arterial oxygen EKG. Pulmonary function measurement (PFT), Corona Stress Standard Questionnaire (CSS-18), depression intensity (Beck Depression Questionnaire), and quality of life (SF-36 questionnaire) were assessed befor and after the pulmonary rehabilitation program. Independent t-test was used to compare the data between control and training groups.

The oxygen support in patients with pulmonary rehabilitation was significantly reduced (p<0.001). In addition, the level of oxygen saturation in arterial blood (SaO2%) was significantly improved in the pulmonary rehabilitation group compared to the control both at rest, during exercise and physical activity (p<0.001). The pulmonary function indices (FVC, FEV1), and quality of life significantly (p<0.001) improved in rehabilitation group, whereas the level of stress (p<0.05) and depression (p<0.01) showed significant decreases compared to the control group.

Considering the multifaceted involvement of corona disease and its numerous complications, it seems that compehensive pulmonary rehabilitation training could be effective in post-covid patients through improving the performance, oxygenation of the pulmonary system, and quality of life, as well as reducing the stress and depression which total improve the functional and cognitive abilities.

Telomeres play an important role during aging process. Chronic psychological stress and high cortisol levels could damage the telomere. The effect and mechanism of physical-mental exercise on changing the level of telomerase enzyme as a telomere protector is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hatha yoga exercises on telomerase, cortisol and stress in middle-aged women.

During this quasi-experimental trial, 24 middle-aged women with high perceived stress scale (PSS>27) were purposefully and accessibly selected and randomly divided into two groups including exercise (n=12) and control (n=12). The exercise group participated in hatha yoga exercises for eight weeks, two sessions per week for 60-90 minutes each session. Forty-eight hours before and after the training protocol, blood cortisol and telomerase levels were measured by ELISA and stress levels were measured using the Cohen perceived stress scale. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and linear regression tests at a significance level of p<0.05.

Serum levels of telomerase enzyme significantly increased and cortisol and stress were significantly decreased (p= 0.001) in the exercise group compared to the control group. A significant negative correlation also was observed between baseline cortisol and telomerase levels in both exercise (p=0.02) and control (p=0.001) groups, as well as a significant negative correlation at changes due to hatha yoga exercise was observed in the exercise group (p=0.003); Moreover, 56% of telomerase changes based on cortisol changes were predictable.

Hatha yoga physical-mental exercise can be a good method to reduce the aging process caused by psychological stress in middle-aged women who have high levels of stress, by increasing serum telomerase levels via the cortisol reduction mechanism.

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of different doses of caffeine chewing gum on stress hormones and shooting performance of military men. The subjects of the present research were 10 commanders of Valiasr Police Training Center in Tabriz with a mean and standard deviation of age of 31.52±2.78 years, weight of 75.32±3.91 kilograms, His height was 176.14 ± 4.84 cm. The levels of cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone and oxytocin in the blood as well as shooting performance were measured after consuming different doses of caffeine. In the first phase, the placebo was given 15 minutes before the shooting. In the second, third and fourth stages (the time interval between each stage is 5 days), all the subjects were given caffeine gum with doses of 150, 200 and 300 mg 15 minutes before the shooting. Gum and placebo were given to the participants in a double-blind manner. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance with repeated measures and Tukey's post hoc test were used to analyze the data(P≤0.05). The results of the present study showed that the consumption of caffeine gum in doses of 200 and 300 grams causes a significant decrease in all three stress hormones and also a significant increase in shooting performance, however, the consumption of a dose of 150 mg of caffeine don’t have an effect on the reduction of stress hormones and Shooting performance. According to these results, shooting athletes can be advised to use caffeine gum with doses of 200 and 300 mg before their training and competitions. However, more studies are needed to comment on the use of different doses of caffeine, especially in the form of chewing gum.

Purpose of the present paper was to investigate the impact of national games on team cohesion and its mediating role on the inefficiency indicators of collision and non-collision athletes.

Methods & Materials: 

75 people of contact athletes and 114 people of noncontact athletes were participated in the study. Brunel's mood questionnaire and Carron group environment (GEQ) scale for assessing group cohesion in two dimension of obligation cohesion and social cohesion were used. In order to analyze the data, one-sample t-test, one-way ANOVA test and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used at the P≤0.05 level.

Results showed a significant difference in tension, game ability, and confusion subscale among collision and non-collision athletes. Also, antecedent and experience in national teams were the most important factors on team cohesion.

results suggests that besides recognizing efficient and inefficient behaviors, training use of negative moods could be applied by sport psychologist at exercise programs.

The purpose of study was to predict exercise addiction based on perfectionism, self-handicapping behavior, and stress. A sample of 169 students was selected by convenience sampling. Research tools included exercise addition inventory, Anxiety and Depression Anxiety Questionnaire, sport multidimensional perfectionism scale -2, and self-handicapping behavior Scale. Data were analyzed using a multiple linear regression model. The results showed that self-handicapping, perfectionism and stress in the model had the ability to predict exercise addiction. In addition, the results showed, there was a significant positive relation between self-handicapping behavior with exercise addiction, perfectionism and exercise addiction, and stress and exercise addiction. Therfore, it must consider perfectionism, self-handicapping behavior, and stress behaviour to manage exercise addition.

Sport injury is doubtlessly one of the major events in the athletes’ life, which has different unwilling outcomes for athlete and society. Athletes are dealing with acute and chronic stressors in all their sport life span. The study of the relationship between stress and sport injury and its various aspects seems to be of interest in many studies. Also, among many extrinsic and intrinsic factors, the effect of intrinsic psychological factors on incidence of sport injury has been discussed in some studies. It has been said that some psychological factors show their direct or undirect effect on sport injury vulnerability via stress response in athletes. One of the important psychological elements of stress- sport injury model of Andersen & Williams (1988) is coping resources. It is assumed that coping has an effective role on stress/ injury bond in athletes. Two primary coping styles are approach coping and avoidance coping. Also, four styles of coping are identified that frequently appear in athletes responding to stress. These coping styles are described as problem-focused coping (problem-oriented strategies directed to the environment and self), emotion-focused coping (managing emotional responses to stress and changing the meaning of situations), appraisal-focused coping (appraising or reappraising stressful situations using reframing of situations or logical analysis), and avoidance-focused coping (behavioral and psychological efforts to disengage from the demanding situation).The value of studying an athlete’s coping style improves the ability to predict an athlete’s use of coping strategies in response to stressful events, and to predict coping strategies in response to events of similar stressors in the future. According to documents, this study was done to investigate the effect of psychological coping skills such as “Coping with adversity”, “Coachability”, “peaking under pressure”, “Goal setting/Mental preparation”, “Concentration”, “Freedom from worry”, and “Confidence and achievement motivation” on the relationship between stress and sport injury.

Based on a convenience sampling, a total of 341 male and female injured athletes of varied sport majors and with a mean age of 26.35 participated in this descriptive correlational study. All the sample members had no sport activity for at least one day because of sport injury. The research design was retrospective, so to do this, the “Life Events Survey for Collegiate Athletes” was used to assess stress level, and the “Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28” was used to evaluate coping strategies. Sport injury is defined as any type of injury or physical condition that results from sport participation, which requires medical attention, and prevents participation in sport activities for a period of time. To assess the sport injury characteristics in participants a designed questionnaire was used. The effect of coping skills on life stress/ sport injury relationship was investigated using logistic regression modeling.

Total Coping skill and its two subscales of “Coping with adversity” and “Coachability” did not show any significant effect on stress and injury relationship, but five subscales of “peaking under pressure”, “Goal setting/Mental preparation”, “Concentration”, “Freedom from worry”, and “Confidence and achievement motivation” had a significant moderating effect on this relationship.

It seems that teaching and using appropriate coping methods to promote stress confrontation strategies can lead to better stress management and reduction of sports injuries in athletes. Being able to actively and effectively cope, helps athletes to react to stressors in different conditions. Coaches also need to be aware of useful effects of different state and trait psychological variables to educate athletes, resulting in better performance and decreasing sport injury vulnerability. Since each stressor is proven to be independent of each other, some stressors appear to be more predictive of coping style than others. Being able to give athletes a tool kit of useful coping styles like ability to lessen the worry, to concentrate, to have confidence, being motivated, to perform under pressure, and goal setting can help the athletes to put them into practice immediately and respond to specific stressful situation, and return to optimum performance. In total, applied results of psychological surveys will effectively reduce the individual and social side effects of sport injury.

The aim of this study was to identify the psychological consequences of health crises in the lifestyle of athletes (Case study: Corona virus epidemic). The type of research is applied and in terms of data collection method is descriptive-survey and based on the research approach, it is mixed (qualitative-quantitative). To extract the variables, the results were identified using a seven-step method of hybrid Sandlowski and Barroso. Data were analyzed in Mikmak software. The results showed that the most important psychological consequences of health crises affecting the lifestyle of athletes in this study, respectively, related to depression, anxiety, anger, obsession, insomnia, stress, impatience, limitations in family relationships. Teammates and coaches and the fear of spreading the disease to others.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of providing skin conductance (SC) biofeedback on the performance of elite rifle shooters. Volunteer participants (n=10) were divided into experimental and control groups (n=5, in each group). After pretest, the experimental group, was educated about SC biofeedback, then participated in five shooting practice sessions while receiving skin conductance feedback. The control group, performed five sessions of their regular exercise. Both groups then took part in the posttest and a week later in the transfer test. The results of one-way ANOVA showed that the performance of the experimental group in the posttest and in the transfer test significantly increased compared to the pretest. Also, the results showed that the ability to adjust the arousal level of the experimental group at the end of the intervention, significantly improved. It seems that shooting practice along with receiving SC feedback has led to the self-regulation of shooters in providing an appropriate response to arousal and thus improving performance. In summary, the results of this study showed that athletic performance is improved by stimulating arousal levels and providing biofeedback.

Goal:

 This study aims to investigate the effects of aerobic exercises and music on the level of stress and anxiety of sportsmen.

The study is an applied study in terms of goal and semi-experimental administration. The statistical population consists of al Futsal athletes in various sports matches held by Tehran’s Islamic Azad University in 2019. The sample was selected via the convenience sampling method. Thus, the number of 30 sportsmen were randomly placed in an experimental and a control group, with each involving 15 people. The scales used in the study consist of Cohen’s Stress Perception Questionnaire (1982) and Smith et al.’s Sports Anxiety Questionnaire (1990). The administered protocol also included aerobic exercises and music held in twelve 60-minute sessions (three sessions per week). Data are analyzed by SPSS software (version 20) using Covariance analysis.

Covariance analysis suggests a significant difference between the mean posttest scores of the experimental and the control groups after controlling for the initial differences of the pretest of stress and anxiety (P>0.001).

The findings revealed that music-based aerobic exercises could be used to reduce sportsmen’s stress and anxiety in sports fields such as futsal.

The prevalence of coronavirus and the adoption of methods to combat its spread have different effects on the physical, mental and social health of people in the community. The aim of this study was to compare the mental health and depression rates of active and inactive men and women in the Covid-19 pandemic. The statistical population of this study included 332 men and women from Tehran and Isfahan. The data were collected using the Stress, Anxiety and Depression Questionnaire, the General Health Questionnaire and the Beck Physical Activity Questionnaire. The results of this study show that there is a significant difference between active and inactive men and women in the components of mental health and its subscales, components of stress, anxiety and depression (P≤0/050). In general, it seems that physical activity can be used as a tool to improve the level of physical and mental health of people to deal with this disease and its complications.

Determining the intensity of exercise in childrenchr('39')s sports programs has always been very important. The aim of this study was to investigate the rope skipping exercise with three different intensities on the acute response of salivary chromogranin A and alpha-amylase in girl students. 45 fourth grade students were divided into three groups (low, moderate and high intensity). They performed one session of rope skipping with three intensities of 50, 65, and 75% reserve heart rate, according to the metronome rhythm. The reserve heart rate was calculated by the Karvonen method. Samples of salivary immunoglobulin A and cortisol were collected before and immediately after the exercise and measured by the ELISA method. T-test and analysis of variance were used to evaluate the data. Alpha-amylase and chromogranin A increased significantly after all three intensities. It was Also shown that there is no significant difference between intensities in the amount of chromogranin A, While the amount of alpha-amylase in the group with an intensity of 75% of the reserve heart rate was more than 50%. Although more research is needed in this area, according to the present results, it can be said that probably a session of rope skipping with 50% of reserve heart rate has a less increasing effect on salivary alpha-amylase of girl students.

It is important to examine the emotional and cognitive experience of athletes to prevent psychological harm. The aim of study was to compare the strategies of cognitive regulation of sports excitement and psychological vulnerability of athletes in individual and team sports. The statistical population of this study consisted of all individual and team athletes. The research sample consisted of 120 individual athletes who were randomly selected from the population of individual athletes and 120 athletes in the team sports category were matched with individual athletes based on age, gender, and athletic background .The subjects were answered to cognitive-regulatory strategies questionnaire and sports excitement and psychological vulnerability (DASS-21). The results correlation coefficient showed that there was a significant relationship between the components of cognitive regulation strategies of positive sports emotion with Anxiety, Depression. Stress negative and significant relationship. Also Between the components of Negative regulation strategies of positive sports emotion with Anxiety, Depression. Stress, The total score of the questionnaire. Positive and significant relationship. The data were analyzed using correlation coefficient and multivariate analysis of variance. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between individual and team athletes in the components of disaster and blame for others, self-blame, intellectual rumination, depression and anxiety. The approaches that athletes use to regulate their emotions are important in determining their psychosocial vulnerability, and strengthening the adaptive strategies of emotional cognitive regulation should be considered as a goal for the prevention of mental health interventions and training programs. It seems that the approaches that athletes use to regulate their emotions are important in determining their psychological vulnerability, and developing the adaptive strategies of emotional cognitive regulation can serve, as a goal for the prevention and interventions programs to help the athletes to create the most appropriate emotional atmosphere during competition situations

The study is to design a structural equation model for stress interaction and burnout on mental health considering its impact on sport and youth workers in Tehran province. The research method was descriptive- correlational. The statistical population (n=1300) included all employees of sport and youth departments of Tehran province. A randomized multistage cluster sampling method was used to select 286 people as the sample of the study. The instrument was a standard questionnaire for occupational stress, occupational burnout and mental health. Structural equations and stepwise regression analysis were used to analyze the data and test the research model using SPSS19 software and Lisrel 8/8 software.  The results showed that the model in the first stage of appropriate fitness so that burnout and job stress, mental health is affected, but the moderating role of mental health in relation to stress and burnout was approved. The new model presented results that mental health is ofa mediator role in the relationship between job stress and burnout.

Autism is a developmental disorder that can cause parents’ stress, especially for the mothers. Participating of mothers in aquatic interventions can reduce their stress. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of playing in water of autistic children on their mothers’ stress.

For this purpose, 26 mothers with Autistic girls (6-12 years old) were selected and according to the children’s scores in Wechsler and GARS tests were assigned into two groups. Children of the experimental group participated in a program of playing in water for eight weeks. Children of the control group received no intervention. All participants completed (Parenting Stress Index) before and after the intervention. For data analysis, we used two independent sample t-tests and mixed ANOVA (2*2) with repeated measures.

The results showed that participation of children with Autism disorder in the intervention did not have a significant effect on the stress of their mothers (p> 0.05).

Probably the reason of these findings is the severity of the mothers’ psychological problems due to their children’s sever symptoms. The findings suggest that perhaps a longer time is required for effectiveness of the intervention. So it should be considered in future research.

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of forced exercise with treadmill, immobility stress and imultaneous application of stress + treadmill exercise on learning and spatial memory and serum corticosterone levels.

Rats in four groups (10 rats in each group) were randomly exposed to treadmill exercise, immobilization stress, both together or without intervention for four weeks. Assessment of learning and spatial memory Performed using the Morris water maze device. After the last session, direct blood samples were taken from the left ventricle to measure cortisol.

The results showed that in the treadmill training group and also in the stress group, the average distance traveled to reach the platform was higher than the control group (p

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of physical activity and teaching progressive muscle relaxation on the level of anxiety and perceived stress in patients with Covid-19. The research method was quasi-experimental. Using the available sampling method, 48 patients with Covid-19 were selected from the patients referred to the 16-hour coronavid-19 coronation diagnosis center in the fourth district of Mashhad and screened based on Beck physical activity questionnaire in 4 groups. (2 experiments and 2 control groups) were included. The training groups practiced progressive muscle relaxation for 6 weeks. All participants completed the DASS-21 Stress-Anxiety-Depression Inventory during the pre-test and post-test stages. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with mixed design. The results showed that the effect of relaxation method on reducing stress in patients with Covid-19 was significant (p <0.05). The results also showed that the effect of progressive muscle relaxation exercise in the affected and active groups was greater than the affected and inactive groups (p <0.05). The results showed that the effect of relaxation training method on anxiety in patients with Covid-19 groups was not significant (p <0.05). Conclusion Progressive muscle relaxation can be effective as a non-pharmacological method in reducing perceived stress caused by Covid-19 disease. Relaxation method is a safe, uncomplicated and low cost method and along with medication and other interventions can be effective in reducing stress, fear and anxiety caused by Covid-19 disease.

The study is to investigate the effect of eight sessions of stress inoculation training on reducing anxiety before the competition in adolescent boys. The research method was semi experimental with pretest-posttest design with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of all adolescents from 19 to 14 years old O Sport’s athletes in the city of Shahrood in 2018. Based on the number of registered in the survey, 63 were present. Athletes were evaluated by Competitive Situation Anxiety (Martens et al., 1995) and 30 subjects with the highest anxiety were randomly divided into experimental and control groups (inoculation). The data were analyzed by independent t-test and dependent t-test. Experimental group was subjected to an independent variable (stress inoculation training) over a period of 8 weeks, during 8 sessions, 1.5 hours, and then tested with competitive anxiety scale-Martens et al. (1995). Validity and reliability of the Persian version of the revised questionnaire was taken by Mehrsfar et al. (2016). The results showed that stress inoculation training effect on reducing anxiety before the competition (P> 0.05). It seems that inoculation training can be effective in reducing anxiety by controlling the physiological arousal of the person in raising performance, especially during the competition.

This study aimed to assess the mediating role of flattery in the relationship between self-esteem and stress and job success from the point of view of the Ministry of Sport and Youth Affairs experts. It is an applied research in terms of purpose classification of researches, it is descriptive-non-experimental in terms of data collection, and has been the case study among all types of descriptive research methods. The statistical population of the study consists of 550 staff and experts of the Ministry of Sport and Youth. Using Cochran formula, 221 individuals are selected as statistical sample. The sampling method was random sampling. The demographic data of the experts were first evaluated and after confirming the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, the relationship between self-esteem and stress with job success was analyzed by considering the mediating role of flattery in structural equation modeling. Data were analyzed using SPSS and LISREL statistical software. The results of the study showed that the mediating role of flattery in the relationship between self-esteem and job success was rejected and the relationship between stress and job success was confirmed.

Psychological states affect focus of attention and play a mediating role in its effect on motor performance and learning. The present study investigated the effect of practice under psychological pressure and attention focusing with instruction on learning billiard shot. Participants were 48 female volunteer students (19-23 years old) who were randomly selected and assigned to 4 experimental groups (internal focus under high and low pressure, external focus under high and low pressure). The groups practiced for 8 sessions after the pretest. Acquisition test was performed in the last session of practice, and the retention test was conducted with 2 and 10 days of delay after the last practice session. The accuracy of the shots was scored according to the distance of the ball from the pit. The results of U Mann-Whitney test showed priority of internal attention in the acquisition and 10-day delay retention tests and priority of practice under low pressure in 10-day delay retention test (P<0.05). The results of Kruskal–Wallis test and pairwise comparisons indicated priority of the acquisition of internal attention under high pressure on external attention under high pressure and the priority of delayed retention of internal attention under low pressure on external attention under high pressure (P<0.05). It seems that given the nature of skill in terms of unchanged environmental conditions and high accuracy and attention requirements especially in the early stages of learning, practice under low psychological pressure conditions and internal focusing will result in more delayed retention for novice people