جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « اشتغال » در نشریات گروه « تربیت بدنی »

This research combined previous research to analyze the barriers to employment in the Iranian sports labor market at three levels: micro, meso, and macro.

This qualitative study uses a meta-synthesis approach and the qualitative content analysis method. The statistical population included all domestic studies conducted between 1380 and 1402. In this way, 31 articles were purposefully selected. Using Sandlowski and Barroso's (2007) seven-step model, the findings of previous research related to the research objectives were reviewed, aggregated, synthesized, and interpreted. Using the ocoding method's identification and validation was confirmed through Cohen's kappa test (0.617).

Based on the findings, the barriers to employment in the sports labor market are classified into 66 sub-themes and 13 main themes at three levels: micro, meso, and macro.

The findings of this study show that employment in the Iranian sports labor market faces numerous obstacles. To overcome these challenges, a comprehensive and long-term approach by policymakers, managers, economic actors, and job seekers in this field is essential. At the micro level, skills training and strengthening personal characteristics; at the meso level, reforming the educational system, creating a labor market system, developing a strategic plan, strengthening sports-related associations and institutions, and increasing support; at the macro level, economic reforms, improving political relations, social support, technological advancement, and legal changes can lead to the creation of new and sustainable job opportunities in Iranian sports.

The present study was aimed at providing a feasibility model for the development of electronic sports with the approach of business and job creation. The research method is qualitative with exploratory nature and the data theory strategy of the foundation has been used in it. The statistical population of the study included elites and executive and academic specialists in the field of e-sports, business and employmentin Guilan province. Targeted and snowball sampling methods were used for sampling for semi-structured interviews. A total of 15 interviews were conducted and sampling continued until the study reached theoretical saturation and adequacy. The research findings show that after more detailed classification, 143 sub-concepts 73 concepts and 18 categories have been enumerated in the form of a paradigm model including the development of e-sports as a central category and causal conditions (nature of stakeholders (actors) of e-sports ecosystem, economic nature). Intervention conditions (legal challenges, structural challenges), contextual conditions (identification, attractiveness), strategies (infrastructure development, capacity development, managerial-structural development, socio-cultural development) and consequences (improvement and facilitation of e-sports business environment) were located. based on the qualitative approach, the feasibility model for the development of e-sports was reviewed and depicted, and based on it, it can be said that managers and officials can strengthen technological infrastructure, educational infrastructure and physical infrastructure while developing human capabilities, financial capabilities and the marketing and platforming capabilities of business creation, partnerships, financial incentives, and a focus on culture-building, and information dissemination improve and facilitate the e-sports business environment.

The purpose of this study was to develop a strategic employment plan for graduates of physical education and sports sciences of Islamic Azad University with an entrepreneurial approach. The present study is of applied type and according to the purpose, it was of contextual type. In terms of data collection method, this research was of field type. The statistical population of the study included professors, managers and experts in the field of education and employment of sports science graduates of Islamic Azad University and a statistical sample of 46 people were purposefully selected from among professors, managers and sports science experts. Data collection tools included library study, interviews, questionnaires and Delphi survey techniques. The content validity of the tools was evaluated and confirmed using experts' opinions and its reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha method. Swat method was used to analyze the findings and 61 strategic components identified from the Delphi process included strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. These components were framed in six structural and managerial perspectives, support and services, educational-scientific, information and communication, industry and market, individual and behavioral, and the most components related to the educational and scientific perspective (15 components) and threats ( 17 components). The evaluation matrix showed that the strategic position in the field of stability is close to growth. Recognition of this situation indicates that despite the problems, the employment system based on entrepreneurship of sports science graduates of the Islamic Azad University needs to achieve relative stability and be on the path of growth

The purpose of the present study was to investigate and compare the approaches to selecting and employing initial primary school physical education and sports teachers in Iran with the US, England, Japan, and Malaysia. The study is a qualitative-applied research and based on an adaptive approach. The collection of data is through searching library documents, global networks, scientific reports, and articles. This study used Beredy’s pattern that includes the four stages of description, interpretation, juxtaposition, and comparison. The results showed that in the United States, England, Japan, and Malaysia, the training of initial school teachers in physical education is done at colleges, universities, educational centers, and social and private institutions. While in Iran, Farhangian University is responsible for training. Obtaining a teaching qualification certificate in Iran is required that Iranian PE teacher students be committed to service and they will be employed by the government, while it is not common in other countries. The salaries of teachers in the United States, England, Japan, and Malaysia are better than other government employees, while in Iran they are not. In general, Iranian teachers in the field of salaries and wages face major challenges and problems. The suggested solutions consist of considering different paths for the training of initial physical education teachers, explaining the processes of awarding teaching qualification certificates, paying more attention to teaching skills and evaluations in real conditions, upgrading the hardware and software facilities for initial teachers, improving the economic and living conditions of teachers, and benefiting from the permanent employment of initial school teachers and the boarding conditions of Farhangian University as an opportunity.

The aim of the present study was to identify barriers and solutions of Development Employment in sport in South Khorasan province. The research method was mixed (qualitative-quantitative) and in terms of purpose, it was a type of applied research. In phase qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with experts from qualitative methods were used. In the quantitative phase, according to data obtained from the qualitative phase, questionnaire Includes 12 components and 96 items was designed and distributed. In the qualitative phase, the purpose of the sampling was first and then the theoretical sampling method was used. The process of sampling to theoretical saturation of the categories continued, and a total of 14 individual interviews were conducted. In a quantitative phase, 98 questionnaires were completed by using available and targeted sampling method.The results showed that, in total, about 961 people are equal to 0.44 percent of the employed in the sports sector. The three main categories of society's tendency towards sport, privatization in sport and improving the business environment as the causative factors; four categories of geographical, cultural, economic, and the ability of sports entrepreneurs in the province as the underlying factors; as well as the seven main categories of economic, information, management and legal barriers, Structural, cultural and behavioral as a barrier to job creation in sport in southern Khorasan province. In addition, five major categories of sporting tourism, sports products, sports services, sports competitions and sport education were identified as employment potential in sport field.

The main aim of this study was to analyze the role of teaching entrepreneurship in employing graduates of sport sciences. The methodology of this study was descriptive and Delphi method and expertschr('39') viewpoints were used to collect data. The statistical population included 34 sport entrepreneurship professionals (14 faculty members in different disciplines of sport sciences, 4 managers of sport clubs, 6 sport equipment manufacturers, 7 sports coaches in premier leagues and 3 international referees). Data were analyzed using χ2-square and Kendall correlation. The results showed that the components of technology, culture, executive, educational and research policies and individual factors affected entrepreneurship development. Also, teaching entrepreneurial thinking style and culture, increasing research and development centers for entrepreneurship, establishing and developing knowledge-based companies in the field of sport, holding digital entrepreneurship training workshops, developing IT businesses and sport startups, policy making and regulations to support entrepreneurs and teaching and research planning at universities based on entrepreneurship values, scientific cooperation with educational and research centers in developed countries, adaptation of academic fields of study to sport-related jobs and developing individual factors for entrepreneurial skills can be valuable strategies to create entrepreneurship thinking and new and various jobs  and to employ sport graduates.

The purpose of this study was to identifying and evaluating occupational focal competencies of students and graduates of physical education and sports science. This research was applied in a descriptive, analytical and analytical way. By examining the research literature along with the interview, first, a list of the most important occupational focal competencies of students and graduates of physical education and sports sciences was identified and then refined in Delphi. Eventually, the final list was approved through a confirmatory factor analysis. In the last step, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to examine the status of each of the components and main structural variables. The statistical population of this study was all students and graduates of physical education and sports science universities of Tehran. According to Morgan et al., The highest sample size was 384, and finally 350 Non-defective questionnaire was obtained. Statistical analysis was performed using laserl and spss softwares and the results showed that the status of career focal competencies of students and graduates of physical education and sport sciences in the country was significantly lower in the lower status Has been in the best position. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the basic and basic skills, along with the technical and technical capabilities, to provide students and graduates of the field of physical education and sport sciences with a view to more successful competition in the labor market than others.

Young people are the crucial elements of development in every country which existing them accounts for one of the tools of power in each nation – states. It must be mentioned having the social young people couldn’t produce or create power deliberately without being made planning exactly by senior policymakers. The unemployment issue in the young field is a widespread phenomenon, but developed countries by means of allocating time and executing scientific methods could reach to some extent the tangible goals that one of them paying careful attention the education system. Education can give rise to promoting talent, creativity, and entrepreneurship. The well educated and skilled youth have got more potential to be attracted in foreign and domestic labor market. Whereas the main foundation of men identity is to possess a job and for women is to get marriage and family formation, qualitative education could result in employment and it can increase capability the young people to family formation. The youth who has a job and family has less probability to be engaged to social vulnerabilities. From creating the equation, in addition, having dynamic and energetic youth, and creative society, the country makes more profit from economic growth and national security.

Obviously, the most important human capital is an appropriate use of these funds is necessary in an integrated system. This study analyzes the effect of government investment on employment MSC degree in physical education is public and private universities. Methods In this descriptive - analytical study and the research community all MSC degree in physical education in the years 1385 till 1390 all the trends in both public and private universities have graduated from the population size 7500 study estimated that a sample size of Cochran's formula was used to estimate the sample size was 360 patients . Stratified cluster random sampling was performed. A questionnaire was used to collect data confirm the validity of the questionnaire Physical Education teachers, administration, economics, sociology and the social sciences. For construct validity, exploratory factor analysis indicated that an acceptable construct validity (factor loading 0.748) level of reliability equal to 0.98 (Cronbach’s alpha) were reported. The cost of software for statistical analysis (SPSS 20) and LISREL was used. In general, graduates of public universities and non-governmental, public investment factors affecting the employment of graduates of master's degree in physical education were identified. The results of the study showed that between 7 operating state investment in jobs to support plenty of private investments in physical education among graduates of two universities with the highest correlation coefficient (a public university with a correlation coefficient, 0.819 universities and NGOs with a correlation coefficient, 0.801). General government investment in job creation as the main trustee is very important.

The purpose of this study was to investigate job attitudes and skills of physical education and sport sciences graduates at University of Guilan in period 2004-2008.

equal to the statistical population, the number of 271 physical education graduates answered to demographic characteristics, Attitudes towards Job (Jacko, 2004) and Amount of content appropriateness of courses with needs of the market and employment questionnaires. Validity of these tools were confirm by 11 university professors, and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for job attitude (α=0.90) and appropriateness of course content (α =0.89).

Analysis of λ2 showed women (λ2= 25; P= .001) and masters’ graduates (λ2= 26.83; P= .001) more involved in the jobs associated to physical education course than others. Based on Kroskal Wallis results, graduates attitudes of jobs associated to physical education course (graduates of 2006) to dimensions of feedback, problem solving and entire attitudes were positive, while graduates attitudes of jobs no associated to physical education were positive only on task identify and authority (P≤ .05). Additionally, graduates who had jobs associated to physical education course achieved more skills of volunteer work (λ2= 14.28; P= .001) and coach card (λ2= 14.54; P= .001) than another graduates. 

It seems that occupation capacity of physical education and sport sciences graduates of University of Guilan is high and they can achieve adequate job skill during the study time and find professional positive attitudes after the occupation.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the status of IT in developing entrepreneurial opportunities in sport. The method of conducting this survey was survey. The statistical population of this research includes managers of sporting goods companies in Iran (N=460), among them, randomly and according to Morgan table, 169 companies were selected as the statistical sample. The data were collected by Heirsch and Peter (2002), whose validity and reliability were evaluated and confirmed by Khosravani Fard (2012). The reliability coefficient of the questionnaire in the present study was calculated using Cronbach's alpha (α = 0.89) and its validity (content and content) based on the views of experienced faculty members and physical education specialist and using the sigma numbering index of 0.85. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data and SPSS 20 software was used at a significant level (p

Innovation, entrepreneurship, job creation and applying them in private sports clubs are unavoidable issues among people. In such a condition, paying attention to entrepreneurship inhibiting factors including human resources (HR) inhibitions as well as behavioral inhibitions of private sports clubs are absolutely significant. So that by eliminating or reducing HR & behavioral inhibitions, the performance of sports clubs could be improved. In today’s world, those clubs which are involved in job creation and entrepreneurship are more successful. The present research is based on the experience of well-known managers of private sector in Iran’s sports scopes, field studies, and interview. What can be concluded from the present research about HR & behavioral inhibitions is as follows:attitudes and behavioral components of the Iranian society in dependence on the government body and high demands from government, distrust of human resources to private sector, jobbery of private sector, Government failure in transferring affairs to private sector, general belief of Iranian society to do things individually, rejection of sport community to the entry of capable people who are experienced in management and financial affairs but do not have sport background, ups and downs of security issues and investment security and its effect on the tendency to do things in the short term and quick impact projects, desire of managers to short-term profits, legislation and legal barriers to lead private sectors to quick financial incomes, high and formal control of managers, culture of task management, concerns about regulatory and monitoring organs, obligations to apply job standards

International reports are pointing out that the average youth employment in Iran (15 to 24) is among the lowest levels in the world (%22) and when compared to the world average (%41) it shows a meaningful distance.
In the current essay by using the descriptive-analytic method and by emphasizing on the new institutional theoretical framework, it has been shown that the mental construct of “shortsightedness”- the systematic preference of short term affairs to “the long term priorities”- is the main factor in policy orientations and specific resource allocation methods and it turns the opportunities that come along due to Iran’s relatively young population to undesirable threats.
The analytic findings of the current study show that Partial and one dimensional reform cannot offer a solution for situations like this and the national development system needs a paradigm shift and systemic reform of institutional structures in order to improve the national production ability.
In the final section the general outlines of systemic reform for the institutional structure are introduced.

The present study was conducted to examine the job expectations of postgraduate physical education students of Azad Universities (N=512) of their job and job prospect in 2010. The methodology applied was descriptive and the study was conducted as a field. The statistical sample consisted of 223 postgraduate physical education students of Tehran Azad Universities who were selected by stratified relative random sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by sport management professors and the reliability was approved in a pilot study. The results showed that the physical education students expected their future jobs to provide them with the proper grounds in order to act freely and to demonstrate their potentials and capabilities. A few participants considered theoretical training to be effective in their job prospect. In addition، they emphasized that economic requirements had to be met by providing low-interest loans، health services and facilities to continue their studies. The results showed that finding a job in the future was a major concern and problem for the students and they stressed that the government had to intervene to provide the graduates with proper jobs.

Determine the effects of physical training on the employment of graduates of master of public and private universities. the aim of this study was to determine the effects of training on the employment of university graduates and postgraduate physical education is public and private. The study was descriptive - survey and practical. This research has been carried out using descriptive – retrospective method; it is an applied research based on its aim and results. It is a field study in terms of performance. It has conducted in the area of cross-sectional studies. Statistical universe: Statistical universe of this research includes all MA graduates who graduated from both public and Islamic Azad universities in the field of physical education, all majors, from 2006 to 2011. Studied sample: Studied sample of this research was considered 7500 persons (graduates from both public and Islamic Azad universities); Cochran formula was used to estimate the sample and sample estimation was considered 360 persons. Researcher increased sample results up to 421 persons to increase generalization and validity level of Sampling was done stratified-cluster and randomly. Researcher’s questionnaire was used to collect data. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by teachers and faculty members of departments of physical education, management, economics, sociology and social sciences. Factor analysis method was used to study the Content validity of questionnaire; it demonstrated an acceptable content validity (Cronbach's alpha, 877/0). The questionnaire reliability level was reported, 97/0. Statistical software, SPSS, 20, was used for data analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis of educational factors affecting the employment of graduates of master's degree in physical education were prioritized. Strengthen the self-employment program of state university graduates with a load factor of 807/0 and Based on the real educational needs of the student recruitment A load factor of 778/0 of university graduates were the first priority.

The aim of this research was to study the effect of horse racing sport event on the development of sport tourism with an emphasis on income and employment in Golestan province. The research was a descriptive survey and the statistical sample consisted of 195 subjects. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics (chi-square test) were used. Statistical calculations were performed using SPSS 18 software. The results showed a significant relationship between capacity of sport tourism in Golestan province and hosting horse racing traditional event (P<0.01, X²=86.112), between capacity to host horse racing sport event and development of sport tourism (P<0.01, X²=82.465), between capacity to host horse racing sport event and tourist attraction (P<0.01, X²=77.321), between hosting horse racing sport event and employment increase (P<0.01, X²=62.512), between hosting horse racing traditional event and income increase (P<0.01, X²=63.866) of Golestan residents and between capacity to host horse racing sport event and recreational and sport facilities increase (P<0.01, X²=68/371) from the participants' viewpoints.

Today, sports tourism has turned into one of the important trade and economic strategies for income, employment and infrastructure development for most countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the viewpoints of the tourism experts, physical education experts and sport tourists on the effects of the development of sport tourism on employment and income in Golestan province. Statistical population consisted of 217 subjects (53 tourism experts, 90 physical education experts and 74 sport tourists). This study was a descriptive survey and a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data (α=0.83). For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics (chi-square test) were used. Statistical calculations were performed using SPSS software. The results showed a significant relationship between sport tourism development and an increase in income (P<0.01, X²=185.9) and between sport tourism development and employment (P<0.01, X²=135.6).

The purpose of this study is to investigate the physical education and sport sciences graduates’ employment status in Iran.
The sample of this study consists of 115 physical education and sport sciences faculty members of higher education institutions, major sport managers and graduates of physical education and sport sciences who were selected as a non-random target and had the expertise and experience on the research topic. To gather the data, library sources, literature review, background analysis, interviews, forms and questionnaires were used (a SWOT identification form that contained open and close questions, internal factors questionnaire, external factors questionnaire, and a form of employment strategic positioning). For determining validity of the it questionnaire was reviewed and confirmed by 14 faculty members of sport management and entrepreneurship. Finally, in the pilot study on 30 subjects the internal consistened of questionnaire by Cronbach\'s alpha was (r=0.94). For analyzing research hypotheses ,the Friedman rank test, internal factors evaluation matrix (IFE) and external factors evaluation matrix (EFE) and strategic position and action evaluation matrix (SPACEM (were employed.
Having analyzed environmental situations (internal and external) of physical education and sport science graduates’ employment, 18 strengths, 40 weaknesses, 33 opportunities and 33 threats were identified and their priorities were determined. The results showed that physical education and sport sciences graduates’ employment in Iran was located in the worst position possible (T-W & defensive area).
Depending on the conditions for explaining employment strategies of physical education and sport sciences graduates, besides using ST, SO and WO strategies, using WT strategies is also recommended.