جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "high intensity interval training" در نشریات گروه "تربیت بدنی"

Obesity is associated with cardiovascular diseases, and middle-aged women are more prone to obesity. Some new lipid composition indices have been identified to predict the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on lipid profile as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in inactive middle-aged obese and normal weight women.

Twenty-four women aged 30 to 45, healthy, inactive, with normal weight (NG) and obese (OG) were allocated into two experimental groups (n=12) in a semi-experimental design. After two weeks of preparation training, subjects in both groups performed eight weeks of HIIT, consisted of 3 sessions per week of body weight movements at 8 stations for 20 seconds activity followed by 10 seconds rest at each station. The number of training rounds was 4 to 7 rounds, which was increased every two weeks and performed at an intensity corresponsding to 90% HRmax. Blood samples were taken before and 48 hours after the last training session, after 12 hours of fasting on days 14 to 16 of menstruation. Body composition characteristics (Height, weight, body mass index, body fat percentage, body fat mass) and blood lipids (to determine the Castelli risk indices 1 and 2 and plasma atherogenic index, atherogenic index) were measured. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was employed to compare the variables between two groups at a significance level of P < 0.05.

Eight weeks of high-intensity interval training caused a significant decrease in body mass index, body fat percentage and body fat mass in both groups (P<0.05). Also, the ratio of waist to hip circumference (WHR) in NG was significantly decreased (P<0.05), whereas, this reduction in OG was not significant (P>0.05). Castelli risk index-II was significantly decreased in OG group(P<0.05), while, there were no significant changes in plasma atherogenic variables, atherogenic and Castelli risk index-I (P>0.05). In the NG group, there significant reductions in weight, body mass index, body fat percentage, body fat mass, Castelli risk indices 1 and 2, plasma atherogenic index, and atherogenic index were found when post-training data were compared to the pre-training (P<0.05).

High-intensity interval training, despite low training volume, may be beneficial in improving lipid risk indices in middle-aged women. It reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases and could be used as a non-pharmacological method to reduce blood lipids and cardiovascular risks.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of 8 and 12 weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on the serum level of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), homocysteine (HCY) and lipid profile of active middle-aged men.For this purpose, 30 active middle-aged men, were randomly divided into two groups: HIIT training and control group. HIIT Training subjects do HIT training 3 session per week for 12 weeks with 90% of maximum heart rate. The Serum levels of CRP, IL-6, HCY, HDL, LDL, TC and TG were measured 12 hours before the first session of training protocol, and 48 hours after 8th and 12th weeks of HIIT. Results show that HIIT had a significant effect on LDL, TC and TG Indices in active middle-aged men in both 8 and 12 weeks (P˂0/05). On the other hand, HIIT did not have a significant effect on CRP (P=0/848), IL-6 (P=0/080) and HCY (P=0/247) indices in 8 weeks, but it did have a significant effect on CRP (P=0/003), IL-6 (P=0/019) and HCY (P=0/012) indices in 12 weeks. HIIT appears to produce favorable changes on lipid profile of middle-aged men over a period of 8 weeks, But it does not have the ability to improve their inflammatory indicators and create favorable changes in inflammatory indices, it is necessary to perform HIIT for more than 8 weeks and a period of 12 weeks will bring about favorable changes and It is likely to have an effective role in preventing middle-aged heart diseases.

The present study aimed to determine the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training, resistance, and combined training on obesity-related hormonal factors in and sports adaptations in prediabetic adolescent boys

In a quasi-experimental research project, 40 healthy sedentary boys with an age range of 13-15 years (BMI: 28-31 kg/m2; fat percentage: 32-36%) were selected based on fat percentage and aerobic fitness, and they were assigned into four High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT), Resistance, Combined and Control groups. Each training includes four sessions per week that lasts 45-60 minutes. Each HIIT session consisted of 6-8 repetitions of 30-60 seconds sprints at 80-85% of reserve heart rate (3.5 minutes rest between repetitions). Resistance training included movements of the main muscles of the upper body, trunk, and lower body. Combined training consisted of a combination of resistance training and HIIT. Fasting glucose concentration, HOMA index, and serum insulin of obese and overweight adolescent boys were measured before and after the training protocols. The changes in each studied indices during different stages of measurement were analyzed using 4x2 analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc tests via SPSS-22 software at a significance level less than 0.05.

Fasting glucose concentration did not change significantly in any groups. However, it decreased significantly only in the combined training group. The serum insulin level and the HOMA index decreased significantly in all three training groups, and the reduction of these indices in the combined training group was significantly greater than in the other two groups.

Using the combination of HITT with resistance training improves and reduces the level of insulin, glucose, and insulin resistance. This combined training is a suitable method compared to each HITT and resistance training method alone.

Metabolic syndrome is a combination of most dangerous cardiovascular risk factors, including hyperglycemia, increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high triglycerides, high systolic blood pressure, and increased waist circumference. Increasing physical activity in the prevention, primary treatment of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome is recommended due to the benefits of cardiac protection related to improving cardiorespiratory fitness. The aim of this experimental and applied study is to analyze the effects of simultaneous performance of high-intensity interval training and resistance training in combination with a low-calorie diet on metabolic indicators in elderly women with metabolic syndrome. The findings of the present study indicate that simultaneous high-intensity interval training and resistance training in combination with a low-calorie diet provides multiple metabolic benefits in obese women with metabolic syndrome after a 16-week intervention. Simultaneous implementation of high-intensity interval training and resistance training in combination with a low-calorie diet can potentially lead to significant improvements in weight, body mass index, fasting blood sugar, insulin, insulin resistance, and C-reactive protein in people with metabolic syndrome.

  Physical activity and the use of medicinal supplements are one of the treatment strategies for managing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of high intensity interval training (HIIT) along with Portulaca Oleracea supplement on FXR and SREBP-1c in the liver tissue of rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver.

In this experimental study, 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: healthy control (n=5), fatty liver control (n=5), Portulaca Oleracea supplement (n=5), HIIT (n=5) and HIIT + Portulaca Oleracea supplement (n=5). Nonalcoholic fatty liver was induced with 12 weeks of high-fat diet. Portulaca Oleracea supplement was applied daily and HIIT training for 8 weeks, 5 sessions per week in the respective groups. The amounts of FXR and SREBP-1c in liver tissue were measured by sandwich ELISA method. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data.

 After 8 weeks of HIIT and Portulaca Oleracea supplementation, there was a significant difference in FXR (p=0.028) and SREBP-1c (p=0.005) values between the study groups. The results of the post hoc test showed that the SREBP-1c levels in the fatty liver control group were significantly higher than the healthy control group(p=0.012). SREBP-1c values were significantly lower in the HIIT + Portulaca Oleracea supplement group (p=0.006) and the exercise group (p=0.049) compared to the fatty liver control. FXR values in the fatty liver control group were significantly lower than the healthy control group(p=0.027). There was no significant difference in FXR values in the groups of HIIT + Portulaca Oleracea supplement (p=0.462), HIIT (p=0.958) and Portulaca Oleracea supplement (p=0.988) compared to the fatty liver control.

HIIT with Portulaca Oleracea supplementation may be effective in improving non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by modulating some liver lipogenesis regulation pathways, including reducing SREBP-1c activity in liver tissue.

Obesity and overweight is a metabolic disorder that affects the levels of fat tissue in this disorder. Lipocalin prostaglandin D synthase is a unique enzyme in the lipocalin family and plays an important role in metabolic diseases such as obesity. The aim of the present study was the effect of eight weeks of different exercises on lipocalin prostaglandin D synthase gene expression, weight and Li index of obese rats.

For this purpose, 40 male Wistar rats, fattened with a high-fat diet, were randomly divided into four equal groups of endurance training, resistance training, intense intermittent training, and control. For eight weeks, the rats of the experimental groups performed five sessions of endurance training with an intensity of 70-80% of the maximum speed, resistance with an intensity of 50-120% of the body weight and intense intervals with an intensity of 85-90% of the maximum speed and Every week, 5% was added to the intensity of the exercises. Real Time-PCR method was used to measure lipocalin prostaglandin D synthase gene expression. The statistical method of one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test was used to determine the difference between groups at a significance level of P<0.05.

After eight weeks of intense endurance, resistance and periodic training, lipocalin prostaglandin D synthase gene expression increased significantly (P=0.001) in the training groups compared to the control group. Weight (P=0.001) and Lee's index (P=0.001) decreased significantly in the training groups compared to the control group. No significant difference was observed between training groups (P<0.05).

Endurance, resistance and high intense intermittent training with a positive effect on the intracellular agent lipocalin prostaglandin D synthase, weight loss and Lee's index can be considered as an effective solution in the field of increasing lipolysis and reducing disorders related to overweight and obesity.

  Intense interval training (HIIT) activates metabolic factors by increasing the cell's need for energy in the shortest time; However, its role in AMPK activation and subsequent reduction of cardiac tissue fibrosis in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients is unclear. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of eight weeks of High intensity interval training on AMPK levels and cardiac tissue fibrosis, fasting blood glucose and insulin, and insulin resistance in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats.

In this experimental study, 20 heads (293.16 ± 49.96 g) of adult white Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=5): healthy control, diabetic control, healthy exercise, and diabetic exercise. The HIIT protocol was performed on a treadmill for eight weeks (five sessions per week including three phases of warm-up, main body of exercise and cool-down in each session). The training intensity was 85-90% of the maximum speed (~27-30 m/min) in 6-12 two-minute intervals with a three-minute active rest, including continuous running at an intensity of 30% of the maximum speed on the treadmill. Shapiro-Wilk, 2x2 two-way analysis of variance, one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni's post hoc tests at a significance level of <0.05 were used to analyze the data.

A significant increase in p-AMPK and p-AMPK/T-AMPK values ​​of heart tissue was observed in healthy exercise rats compared to other groups (p<0.05). Also, cardiac tissue fibrosis in the diabetic exercise group was significantly reduced compared to the diabetic control group (p<0.05). However, in the diabetic exercise group, the values ​​of p-AMPK and p-AMPK/T-AMPK in cardiac tissue were not affected (p>0.05) and Also, T-AMPK showed a significant increase in the diabetic control group compared to other groups (p<0.05).

Probably, reduction of cardiac tissue fibrosis in T2DM rats, at least during eight weeks of HIIT, is independent of AMPK.

A calorie restriction diet is one way of the ways to reduce calorie intake without malnutrition. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training with calorie restriction of high-fat or standard diet regimens on the expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) in the liver of male Wistar rats.

48 rats were randomly divided into six groups (n=8): control, high-intensity interval training, high-fat diet with caloric restriction, standard diet with caloric restriction, standard diet with caloric restriction + interval training, and fatty diet with caloric restriction + interval training were divided. High-intensity interval training was performed for 8 weeks and 5 days a week with an intensity of 90 to 100% of the maximum speed in the form of running on a treadmill. Expression of SIRT1, ERRα and PDK4 genes in liver tissue was measured by Real-Time PCR method and one-way ANOVA statistical method was used to compare between groups.

Interval training led to a significant increase in ERRα gene expression compared to the control group (p=0.001). Fatty diet with calorie restriction significantly decreased SIRT1 gene expression compared to standard diet with calorie restriction (p=0.002). Also, eight weeks of standard diet with caloric restriction led to a significant increase in PDK4 gene expression compared to the control group (p=0.02).

In the condition of calorie restriction, periodic exercise through the up regulation of ERRα gene expression may play a key role in increasing hepatic gluconeogenesis. Interestingly, high-fat diet may have negative effects on the liver even under caloric restriction by reducing the expression of SIRT1, which plays an important role in the antioxidant capacity of the liver.

Irisin is an exercise-stimulated hormone that affects white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue. Based on the previous studies, physical activity increases the expression of proteins such as follistatin, which causes weight loss by increasing energy expenditure and through this has an effect on the insulin resistance index. The present study aimed to investigate the response of plasma levels of irisin, follistatin, and insulin resistance index to two types of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in overweight men.

 For this purpose, 33 overweight men (mean age 22.9±2.11 years, weight 82.45±6.1 kg, body mass index 26.7±1.22 kg/m²) who were able to regularly attend physical activity voluntarily participated in the study and were randomly divided into three groups: 30-s HIIT groups (HIIT-30), 60-s HIIT (HIIT-60), and control. The training protocol was performed three sessions per week for eight weeks. The HIIT-30 exercise program included eight repetitions of 30-second activity at an intensity of 80-90% of the maximum heart rate with a two-minute recovery for the first four weeks, ten repetitions for the fifth and sixth weeks, and twelve repetitions for the seventh and eighth weeks. The HIIT-60 exercise program included four repetitions of 60-second activity at an intensity of 80-90% of the maximum heart rate with a four-minute recovery for the first four weeks, five repetitions for the fifth and sixth weeks, and six repetitions for the seventh and eighth weeks. The control group did not attend any regular exercise program during the research. Blood samples were taken to measure levels of Irisin, follistatin, and determine the insulin resistance index. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and paired t-test were utilized at a level of P≤0.05 to compare means of parameters.

 The within-group comparisons for irisin and follistatin data showed that there is a significant difference between pre-test and post-test in the 30-s HIIT and 60-s HIIT groups (P<0.05). The results of ANOVA indicated that the 30-s HIIT and 60-s HIIT protocols increased the levels of irisin (P<0.05), follistatin (P<0.05), and reduced insulin resistance index significantly (P<0.05). The between-group comparisons of the data showed no significant differences between the HIIT-30 group and the HIIT-60 group for all variables.

 According to the results of this research, it could be concluded that, the two HIIT methods of 30 and 60 seconds by increasing irisin and follistatin levels can cause weight loss, treat obesity and improve the insulin resistance index in overweight men.

Steroid receptor RNA activator (SRA) is one of the long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) playing a dual role in glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. Purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of six weeks of high intensity interval training on adipose tissue levels of SRA and insulin resistance index in diabetic rats with high fat diet and streptozotocin.  

Twenty male wistar rats (10-12 weeks old; 200-300 gr) were selected and type 2 diabetes was induced by six weeks of high-fat diet and streptozotocin injection. Afterwards, obese diabetic rats were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The rats in the experimental group participated in six weeks of high intensity interval training included 40 seconds of running on a treadmill at 25-35 m/min followed by 2 minutes of active rest at 10 m/min, which was performed for 30 minutes per session, five sessions per week, 6 weeks. All rats were dissected 48 hours after the last training session and adipose levels of SRA, serum levels of insulin and fasting blood sugar were evaluated using appropriate laboratory methods. Data analyses were carried out using independent and paired t-test and Pearson's correlation test at a significance level of less than 0.05.

Six weeks of high intensity interval training resulted in significant decreases in adipose tissue levels of Steroid Receptor RNA Activator (P=0.001) in addition to significant decreases in levels of insulin (P<0.001), fasting blood glucose (P<0.001), insulin resistance index (P<0.001) and body weight (P=0.028) in the experimental group compared to the control group. Furthermore, six weeks of high intensity interval training in experimental group caused significant decreases in body weight in post- test compared to pre- test (P<0.001). However, according to the Pearson’s correlation test, there were no significant correlations between the changes in steroid receptor RNA activator levels of adipose tissue and changes in other variables following high intensity interval training (P>0.05).

It seems that in addition to improving body composition, six weeks of high intensity interval training play a role in improving insulin resistance through decreasing the levels of SRA.

Galactin3 is known to be a novel inflammatory factor that increases with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of high intensity interval and moderate intensity continuous exercise on serum levels of Galectin3 in inactive obese men.

Eight obese men (mean age: 25.75±2.37 years and BMI: 31.96±3.03 kg/m2) performed protocols of high intensity interval exercise (HIIE), moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE) and control (C) on separate days with a week. The HIIE protocol included six bouts of 1-minute running with intensity of 85% VO2max and 4 min active rest periods with intensity of 50% VO2max and the MICE protocol included 30 minutes running on treadmill with intensity of 65% VO2max which was matched with the HIIE protocol. Serum Galectin3 levels were measured by ELISA in 3 stages of before exercise, immediately after exercise, and 24 h after exercise.

Immediately after exercise, HIIE and MICE resulted in a significant increase in serum Galectin3 compared to the control group (p

miRNA are emerging as important regulators of key biological processes and involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases such as Type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the Purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of six weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on adipose tissue levels of MiR-193b and insulin resistance index in male diabetic rats with high fat diet and streptozotocin. Twenty male wistar rat (10-12 weeks old, 370/25±13/76 gr) selected and following the induction of type 2 diabetes, the diabetic rats were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The rats in the experimental group participated in six weeks of high intensity interval training of running on a treadmill with 40 seconds of repetitions with 2 seconds of active rest between each repetition, 30 minutes per session and five sessions per week. All rats were dissected 48 hours after the last training session and the blood indices were evaluated using appropriate laboratory methods. Data analysis were done using independent and paired t-test and Pearson's correlation test at a significance level of less than 0.05. Results Adipose tissue levels of MiR-193b following six weeks of HIIT in experimental group were higher than control group; whereas, levels of insulin and fasting blood glucose , insulin resistance index and body weight were in the experimental group compared to the control group. Furthermore, Six weeks of high intensity interval training in experimental group caused in significant decreases in body weight in post- test compared to pre- test . Moreover, according to the Pearson correlation test, there were negative significant correlations between the changes in levels of adipose tissue levels of MiR-193b following HIIT and changes in body weight (P=0.038). Six weeks of HIIT play role in improving insulin resistance by increasing the MiR-193b levels in addition to improve body composition.

There is a close relationship between liver mitochondrial dysfunction and the development of obesity and insulin resistance. As observed in type 2 diabetes, in conditions of insulin resistance, a decrease in insulin sensitivity of liver cells, skeletal muscle and fat cells is observed. In recent decades, physical activity has become a key tool in controlling many diseases, including type 2 diabetes, and studies have shown that various training protocols are effective in reducing the epidemic and improvement of some metabolic functions of the liver. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on Parkin and Pink1 proteins in the liver tissue of type 2 diabetic rats.

In an experimental design, 30 three-month-old adult male Wistar rats with a weight range of 250-300 g were randomly divided into three groups of 10 including healthy control (C: intraperitoneal injection of saline), Diabetic control (D: diabetic with high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin) and trained diabetic (D+T: diabetic with exercise) were divided. The training protocol encompassed running at an intensity of 85%-90% of the maximum speed in 6 to 12 two-minute intervals; 5 days a week for eight weeks. Fourty eight hours after the last training session and after 12 to 14 hours of fasting, all rats were anesthetized and operated by a trained specialist without pain. A method based on Western blotting was used to determine changes in the expression profile of Parkin and Pink1 proteins in the heart muscle tissue (left ventricle) of rats. The two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni’s post-hoc test were used to analyze the data.

Induction of diabetes (D) causes a 51% and 63% increase in Parkin and Pink1 proteins, respectively, although it is not statistically significant (P>0.05). In addition, exercise intervention caused a 45% and 38% decrease in Parkin and Pink1 in the trained diabetic group (D+T) compared to the diabetic group (D), but it was not significant (p≥0.05).

According to the results, it can be stated that eight weeks of HIIT is insufficient to observe a significant reduction of mitophagy in the liver tissue of diabetic rats. At the same time, based on the partial changes of the indices, HIIT might be a preventive measure against the abnormal increase of mitophagy as a result of type 2 diabetes. However, to making a definite conclusion about these indices and how they are affected by different conditions more researches are needed.

Consuming a high-fat diet leads to dysfunction of liver mitochondria and the occurrence of fatty liver disorders, and mitophagy, which plays a role in removing damaged mitochondria, can probably be effective in improving non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nutrition, training and hypoxia on liver mitophagy in male Wistar rats.

Thirty-two male rats were randomly divided into four groups of eight including normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat diet and training in normoxia (HFD-HIIT) and high-fat diet and training in hypoxia (HFD-HHIIT). After determining the maximum aerobic velocity (MAV) in normoxia and hypoxia-hypobaric, the HIIT protocol was performed for 12 weeks and three sessions per week, which included 3 to 8 bouts 4-minute activity with an intensity of 80 to 93 percent of MAV and 2-minute active rest periods with an intensity of 50 percent of MAV. At the end, the levels of HIF-1α, Parkin and Fundc1 genes were measured through RT-PCR.

The expression of Parkin and Fundc1 genes in HFD-HIIT and HFD-HHIIT groups increased significantly compared to HFD (P<0.05). Also, the HFD-HHIIT group showed a significant increase compared to the HFD-HIIT group (P<0.05). Also, liver fat content and HIF-1α gene expression showed a significant decrease in HFD-HIIT and HFD-HHII groups compared to HFD (P<0.05).

It seems that training in hypoxic conditions compared to normoxia has an additional effect on increasing liver mitophagy and subsequently controlling liver fat content.