جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "investment" در نشریات گروه "تربیت بدنی"

The purpose of this research was to identify and prioritize the challenges and opportunities of private sector investors in the field of sports. The current research is applied and falls under the category of quantitative studies. Three quantitative methods, namely fuzzy Delphi, best-worst fuzzy, and Kepras, were utilized to screen and prioritize factors. The primary data collection tools included structured interviews with experts and questionnaires. Expert questionnaires were employed to screen the factors, while prioritization questionnaires were used to rank them. The research was conducted in three stages. Initially, 28 investment challenges and 21 investment opportunities were identified through background research and expert interviews. The 28 challenges were categorized into six main economic and financial categories, legal challenges, governance challenges, cultural and social challenges, political challenges, and infrastructure challenges. The research factors were screened using the fuzzy Delphi method. Ten challenges and eight opportunities were chosen for final prioritization. According to the factor scores, the challenges of extensive state ownership in many institutions and sports clubs, and the limited diversity of financing methods in Iran were given the highest priority. Additionally, the two most significant opportunities identified were the production and export of smart sports products, and the creation of electronic content in the sports sector. The practical recommendations of the research included reducing ownership and government intervention in sports federations and clubs, utilizing capital market and fintech capacities to diversify financing methods, enhancing good governance and corporate governance for increased transparency, and improving the digital technology infrastructure in the country.

It was a student sports efficiency model. The present research method was intertwined. The sampling method in the qualitative, non -randomized type was also targeted and available. The quality data collection tool was a semi -structural interview with 15 people academic sports and economics. In the quantitative section, 384 people were selected in a multistep cluster. In the qualitative section after interviewing and encoding all the codes extracted in eleven management, political, sociocultural, facilities and equipment, law, technology, research and development, media, marketing, economic and private sector attraction to codes They were divided. The findings also showed that all the extracted components can explain the efficiency of student sports with an economic approach, and the research communication model was also fitted. Student sports in its ideal form can be the primary support of the country's sport system, which requires the active participation of academic officials in sports, the positive attitudes of managers and officials to sports and student activity, and the adoption of focused strategies and policies on student sports.

 Economic security is one of the most important aspects of national security and one of the most important principles of the basic infrastructure of countries to achieve economic development and improve the level of social welfare; The present study tried to identify the concepts and functions of sport in empowering economic security.

 The method of the present study was qualitative and in order to explain the paradigm design of the subject under study. The statistical population was equal to the study sample and included 13 experts (books، articles، notes، etc.) in the field of sports economics and political economy who were selected using snowball sampling and theoretical saturation.

Findings of the present study indicated after studying the related concepts and using the Delphi technique sport had 27 concepts in providing economic security, which were finally classified into 3 categories: health, employment, and investment.

 Sport is a low-cost and useful tool in creating wealth، which seems to require special attention in the three areas of employment, investment and health can contribute to the economic development of the country.

Sport has become one of the most profitable economic fields as their significance to the economy continues to grow. Considering the significance of the topic, the TOPSIS model was used to evaluate investment development factors in sports. This research is divided into two sections. In the initial phase of the research, grounded theory was utilized to explain the phenomenon of sports investment. After conducting eighteen qualitative interviews, the model dimensions of investment in sports include five axes, fourteen categories, and sixty-five concepts. A paradigm has been acquired. In the second part of the study, the TOPSIS method was used to evaluate the state of sports investment in the Islamic Republic of Iran. For this purpose, after preparing the research instrument and having its validity confirmed by five professors, it was distributed and collected from 18 members of the research community. The results of this section's TOPSIS, which were determined by experts in the field of sports economics, indicated that the development of the sociology of sports (Ci 0.81), along with the political infrastructure for the development of investment in sports (Ci 0.26) in the state, is one of the most important reasons for the growth of investment in sports. The development of human resources (Ci 0.65), in the eyes of experts, was the most important strategy during the crisis. Consequently, it can be concluded that economic and privatization council in the country's sports, by the presence of main sports and economic managers, the relevant officials, and the situation of sports in developing the country's economy in the plans of the government and the custodial body, in accordance with the identified factors and in line with the improvement of capacities for sports administration, has a positive impact on the country's sports. Long-term plans for the enhancement of critical points should be formulated.

The present study sought the future study of investment in the sports with an emphasis on the risk. The research used a mixed framework due to the use of quantitative and qualitative methods. The research orientation was also applied because of the benefits of the research for the sports. The study also selected an exploratory approach from a goal perspective and used a survey type to collect data. To collect data, the researcher referred to sports and investment experts, and the sampling was judgmental. Data were analyzed using Binominal test, Copras and root definition. At first, the drivers were extracted through literature review and interviews with experts. At this stage, 15 risks were identified. In the next step, these drivers were screened with Binominal test and 6 risks were excluded. The remaining risks were then assessed using Copras and measures of effectiveness, significance and certainty. Both financing and economic risks had the highest priority and were selected to develop scenarios. Based on selected drivers, four scenarios of rippling sea, happiness island, darkroom and improper business environment were developed. Happiness Island scenario was considered as optimistic scenario and darkroom scenario was considered as pessimistic scenario. In the field of economic risks, accurate estimation of current and future costs and revenues of the project and in the field of financing risks, diversification of financing tools, forecasting financing methods before the start of the project and monitoring the correct allocation of resources and proper management of priorities were effective in managing investment risks.

The main purpose of this research is to formulate a private sector investment model with an emphasis on sporting events. The present study is descriptive-analytical and applied in terms of purpose. In the qualitative part of the research, 30 people purposefully and in the quantitative part, according to Cochran's formula, people from the presidents of sports federations, managers of sports clubs, financial sponsors, managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, professors and physical education specialists and all members of the think tank of the Ministry of Sports. Iranian youth were selected as a research sample. A 53-item researcher-made questionnaire was used to achieve the research objectives. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 15 experts and the construct validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Combined reliability indices (CR) and Cronbach's alpha were higher than 0.7 for all constructs and the whole questionnaire. Delphi method was used to analyze the data in the qualitative part in three steps. In the quantitative part, descriptive and inferential statistical methods such as Kolmogorov-Smirnov, confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis were used with the help of SPSS 22 and Smartpls software. The results showed that economic factors as the most important and first category (0.325), managerial factors (0.278) in the second place, cultural factors (0.267) in the third place, and legal factors (0.213) It ranks fourth and structural factors (0.193) are effective in private sector investment and participation in national and international sporting events. The results of the research show that providing economic, managerial and cultural solutions as the most important components can lead to investment and participation of the private sector in the Iranian sports industry.

Given the importance of private sector investment in the sports industry, the research is to develop a model of private sector investment factors with emphasis on national and international sporting events.The present study is  applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive-analytical in terms of data collection. In the qualitative part of the research, 30 individuals were targeted and in the quantitative part based on the Cochran formula, 200 persons consisting of former and current heads of sport federations, managers of private and public sport clubs, managers of sponsored companies, former and current officials of Physical Education Organization and the Ministry of Sport and Youth, young people, some economists and lawyers familiar with the subject of sport economics, physical education professors and other experts, and all members of the Iranian Ministry of Sport and Youth' think tank were selected as the case study. To achieve the goals, a researcher-made questionnaire of 53 questions was used. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 15 experts and the construct validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha was higher than 0/07 for all constructs and the whole questionnaire. Delphi method in three stages was used for data analysis in qualitative part. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods such as Kolmogorov-Smirnov, confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis were used in the quantitative section with SPSS 22 software.The results showed that economic factors as the most important and the first category (0/0325), management factors (0/0278) in the second place, cultural factors (0/0267) in the third rank, legal and legal factors (0/0213) in the rank Fourth, and structural factors (0/0193) affect private equity investment and participation in national and international sporting events. Providing economic, managerial, and cultural solutions as the most important components can stimulate private investment and participation in the Iranian sports industry.

The aim of the present study was to develop a model for investment development in Iran sport. This study used a qualitative methodology and the grounded theory. The statistical population included those with management experience in different levels of Iran sport, sport management professors of Iran universities, and sport economics experts and activists. 15 subjects were selected for interviews by theoretical, purposive and snowball sampling methods. Open, axial and selective coding were used to analyze the data. The results showed that laying the suitable groundwork for sport investors, developing maximum participation of people and different strata, providing sport customers with appropriate services and favorable conditions for the attractiveness of sport were reported to be amongst the causal factors of investment development. Contextual factors also encompassed the quality of sport, active media, and incentives. Intervening factors were, then, found to be public administration, cumbersome laws, political - legal environment, as well as executive infrastructures. Strategies included providing investor profits, marketing development, establishing economic mechanisms and economic stability and power and their consequences, sport for all policy, increasing the number of spectators, maximizing the number of investors, creating economic capacity and indicators and favorable conditions for sport in Iran. The present model is a suitable national framework for studies in this field and may pave the way as an introduction for investing in sport in Iran.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of government financial costs, including current expenditures, government capital expenditures, and the governmental budget deficit, on private sector investment in sports products manufacturing workshops. This study specifically utilizes EViews software (version 9) and Microfit (4.1) to apply self-regression and error-correction models on data from the twenty-year period between 1993-2013. The sample population includes all industrial workshops located in the country, in both urban and rural areas. The results of this study indicate that an increase in current government expenditures, by increasing capital expenditures and investment in economic infrastructures, has an inertial effect on private investment in these production units. Consequently, this study supports the position that the adoption of appropriate economic policies by the government and the prevention of budget deficits can stimulate private sector investment in the sports industry and the development of its affiliated businesses.

Rapid population growth and low production potentials have led to unemployment crisis. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between investment and employment statusin the swimming pools in Tabriz city. In this descriptive method-analytical study, the statistical population included all of the working swimming pools (N=49) in Tabriz, and 43 swimming pools were randomly selected as the sample. The data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire with acceptable validity and reliability (α=0.89). To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, phi and Cramer Correlation Coefficients, Kendall’s tau-b, U Mann-Whitney) were used at α≤0.05. The results indicated that the mean investment in the pools was about 643-919 billion Rials and 436 jobs were created. Based on these results, there was a direct relationship between the initial investment (t=0.576, P=0.006) and net income (t=0.394, P=0.004) of the pools and number of employees. Also, the number of employees in public swimming pools were significantly more than private swimming pools (z=2.338, P=0.029). Therefore, it is essential to pay more attention to the attraction of investment in private sector in sport.

The purpose of this study is to provide a model of behavioral biases of sports investors in Kermanshah province. The statistical population of this study included experts in sport management, economics and marketing specialists, private sector investors, club managers and sports boards. Sampling was done as a available sampling. The size of the population was unlimited, and 160 individuals formed the statistical sample of the research. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire designed by investors' behavioral biases.The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by sports and economics experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was 0.81 in a preliminary test. For analyzing the data, descriptive and inferential statistical methods including K_S, confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis using two SPSS.V. 22 and Smart PLS. V. 3 software were applied. Finally, the models were tested by structural equation modeling techniques to determine the impact and relevance of each factors. The findings of the research indicated that the data of this research are fitted with the structure of the research and theoretical basis of the research in the developed models. The prioritization of factors was based on the ability to explain the variable of behavioral biases of investors as follow: economic biases 0.78, cognitive biases 0.74, revelation biases of 0.49, preferential bias 0.48, emotional biases 0.31. Prioritizing economic issues announced the high impact of economic benefits on decision-making and targeting of investors to enter the field of sports.

The aim of this study was to provide a model of attracting factors of private sector investment in Iran's championship sport.
The study population consisted of the whole experts in sports management, economics, private sector investors and managers of championship sport. In the qualitative phase, 18 individuals were selected purposefully and in quantitative phase, a sample of 121 people was chosen based on Cochran's formula. The instrument was a 71-item structured questionnaire. Face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 15 experts as well as the construct validity was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Magnitude of combined reliability testing and Cronbach's alpha was over 0.70 for all constructs. To analyze the data in the quality phase, Delphi method was applied in three stages. In quantitative phase, descriptive and inferential statistical methods such as Kolmogorov-Smirnov, confirmatory factor analysis, path analysis were applied with SPSS16 software and SmartPLS.
The results showed that the attracting factors of private sector investment were prioritized as follows: management (0.855), sport (0.821), financial and economical (0.804), marketing (0.721), media and advertising (0.655), political (0.637), support and encouragement (0.615), cultural and social (0.559) and legal (0.356) are available. The model covered a good fitness.
The model was an appropriate one to attract private sector investor.

The aim of this study was to identify factors that influence the behavior of the Iranian private sector to invest in professional sports and was a model. The study population consisted of experts in sports management, economy, private sector investment and sport managers.In the qualitative study,15 people are targeted based on a sample of 143 people were chosen as a sample.To achieve objectives of the 79-item questionnaire was used. validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 15 experts and construct validity was confirmed by factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha for the total scale structures and were higher than 0.7. The data on the quality of the Delphi method was used in three stages. The little too descriptive and inferential statistical methods such as K - S, confirmatory factor analysis, path analysis with the help of the software SPSS 22 and Smartpls 3.0 was used. The model factors in attracting private sectorinvestment in professional sports management with load factor (0.922), marketing (0.890),especially sports (0/859), related to the economy (0/842), media and advertising (0/862), support (0.846), cultural (0.719), political (0.647) and legal (0.642) exist. The findings of this study wasto investigate the factor structure and theoretical foundation in this model fit (0.663) strong enough to suggest the models to explain the factors influencing the behavior of the private sector to invest in sport is a professional

The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between sport tourism and selected dimensions of civil development from the experts and officials point of view, including: job creation, generateing income, decreasing poverty and investment in Tehran.
The research method was descriptive and survey. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. To approve the content validity of questionnaire, sport management professors’ views and to analyze the construct validity and classify the questions based on specific objectives of the study, exploratory factor analysis were used. The reliability of survey was confirmed by a pilot study and Chronbach's Alpha coefficient (r= 0.95). Statistical sample of the research was composed of 150 individuals: experts in tourism department of Cultural Heritage Organization, managers and other authorities who had participated in the Tehran sports’ event. The data were analyzed by factor analysis and inferential level methods and figured out by SPSS and LISREL softwares.
Results of confirmatory factor analysis showed significant relationships between sport tourism and variables: job creation, investment, and generating income and decreasing poverty. In spite of that all relations were significant, but the relationship between sport tourism and "generating income and decreasing poverty" was stronger.
The results indicated that meanwhile sports events being held in Tehran have short term and direct advantages, they can also have some long-term and indirect advantages for the city. Therefore by planning, the sport events are not considered solely as the factor of spending considerable expenses, but also can be a profit provider factor in different aspects of urban development.

One of integral constituent of gross domestic production of every country,s economy is the private capital. The main purpose of this research is to identify the existing restrictions in the way of private investment in the production of sports equipments and related devices. The methodology of this research is a cross – sectional descriptive field research branch. Statistical population of this study were managers and experts from office Sports and Youth and sports apparel producers in Isfahan city. To do a total so, number of 136 persons(95 manager and experts, 41 producer) were selected randomly. The Face validity of the questionnaire based on opinions of faculties and also the reliability of this study was Cronbach's alpha by 0/89 respectively. To achieve this goal we made our research quantities based on Friedman & statistional tests. The finding of this study revealed that there was a lack of Protection laws in the production and distributtion There are no specialized organization of the Ministry of Sports and Youth Sports protection and risk-taking are of the main important impediments in investment. Also the issue of required licenses, product sell, Production of risky sports, as obstacles investment were confirmed. Other research questions included: Problems related to the shortage of skilled work force, restrictions in pounding row material, financing problems, having opportunities available to alternative investment, Lack of strong support from governments. International exercise organizations activities in domestic markets and also negative influence of These Private sectors investment in industrial production sports equipment and Well – Known brands in domestic bazar.

The purpose of this research was to studying investment and involvement of private sector in Markazi province sport. The statistic population was included 140 people. The subjects include 110 industry managers، sport investors، sport managers، and elites selected and surveyed. In order to gather data، questionnaire s was used. This instrument was include 7 component and 42 questions (a=. 931). In order to data analyzing، Friedman test were used. The results of the study showed that، Markazi sport confronted with economic، informative and market invest legal، cultural and social، supportive، and political barriers respectively. So، finding ways to solving these barriers can encourage private investor to investing in Markazi province sport.

Today's global conditions and many problems in governmental structures and administrative principles of the countries, especially economic recession, necessitate economic reformations and entrustment of more executive affairs to people in the form of private sectors. During the last two decades, privatization mechanisms have been designed and employed as a solution to rationalizing the social structure of societies, reducing the expenses of systems loaded on governmental budget, equipping financial resources, increasing experts and attempting to create job opportunities. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting job creation rate of private sector in the sport industry. The research method was descriptive survey and the statistical population consisted of 1406 managers working in private gyms in Tehran in 1391. 256 managers were selected with cluster sampling method and Cochran formula as the sample. A researcher-made questionnaire was used in this study and its reliability was determined using Cronbach's alpha (α=0.85). Spearman correlation test was used to test the hypotheses. The results showed a direct linear relationship between the initial investment and job creation, that is, for more job creation in sport industry,especially by the private sector, more investment should be absorbed. There was a direct relationship between net income of private sector from investment in sport and job creation and private sector with more income creates more job opportunities. Also, there was a reverse statistical relation between financial limitations and job creation, that is, increasing financial limitations of private sector decreased job creation. There was a weak linear relationship between using banking facilities in sport and job creation. In other words, increasing or reducing the use of banking facilities in sport was associated with increasing or decreasing the rate of job creation.