فصلنامه پژوهش های فیزیولوژی و مدیریت در ورزش
سال پانزدهم شماره 3 (پاییز 1402)

The purpose of the present study was to The Role of Ethical Values of TV Advertising of Sports Products on customer behavioral intentions. This research is a descriptive-correlational study in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study includes all customers of sporting goods in Tehran. Due to the unlimited research population (N <100,000) according to Morgan table, 384 customers of sporting goods customers were selected by simple random sampling. Questionnaires of Customer Intentions Behavior Questionnaires and Advertising Ethics questionnaires were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics (tables and frequency distribution charts) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation, path analysis, structural equation modeling) were used for data analysis. The results showed that there was a significant positive relationship between honesty in advertising, attention to human dignity, attention to health and health, attention to healthy economic competition, and transparency of information provided with customer behavioral intentions. Explain 66% of the variance in customer behavioral intentions. Among the principles of ethical values of honesty in advertising has the most influence on customer behavioral intentions.

 The prevalence of heart disease in postmenopausal women is higher than men in their age group. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of six weeks of High intensity interval training (HIIT) and soy supplementation on miR-29 gene expression in the heart of ovariectomized rats.In this study, 30 Wistar rats were randomly selected and divided into 5 groups after ovariectomy surgery. High intensity interval training (HIIT) and soya supplement were done for 6 weeks. After 48 hours of the last workout, the heart is transferred to the lab. The amount of expression of the miR-29 gene in the method RT-PCR was measured. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (p≤ 0. 05). The results showed that ovariectomy reduced the expression of the miR-29 gene. The expression of miR-29 gene in the hearts of ovariectomized rats in the group of "High intensity interval training (HIIT)" (m = 0.72) was significantly higher than the group of "combination of exercise and soy supplementation" (m = 0.61). (045/0 = p). The results of the present study showed that the effect of HIIT exercises and soy supplement alone is more effective than the combination of the two as an effective way to prevent heart disease in postmenopausal women.

Sport has become one of the most profitable economic fields as their significance to the economy continues to grow. Considering the significance of the topic, the TOPSIS model was used to evaluate investment development factors in sports. This research is divided into two sections. In the initial phase of the research, grounded theory was utilized to explain the phenomenon of sports investment. After conducting eighteen qualitative interviews, the model dimensions of investment in sports include five axes, fourteen categories, and sixty-five concepts. A paradigm has been acquired. In the second part of the study, the TOPSIS method was used to evaluate the state of sports investment in the Islamic Republic of Iran. For this purpose, after preparing the research instrument and having its validity confirmed by five professors, it was distributed and collected from 18 members of the research community. The results of this section's TOPSIS, which were determined by experts in the field of sports economics, indicated that the development of the sociology of sports (Ci 0.81), along with the political infrastructure for the development of investment in sports (Ci 0.26) in the state, is one of the most important reasons for the growth of investment in sports. The development of human resources (Ci 0.65), in the eyes of experts, was the most important strategy during the crisis. Consequently, it can be concluded that economic and privatization council in the country's sports, by the presence of main sports and economic managers, the relevant officials, and the situation of sports in developing the country's economy in the plans of the government and the custodial body, in accordance with the identified factors and in line with the improvement of capacities for sports administration, has a positive impact on the country's sports. Long-term plans for the enhancement of critical points should be formulated.

Rest period between sets is one of most important training factors that effects on effectiveness of resistance training; however, there is a little information about the effect of rest period length on muscular hypertrophy. The purpose of present study was to comparison the effect of very short vs. short rest period between the sets in resistance training on hormonal adaptations and thigh muscles hypertrophy.Twenty healthy young women (20-35 years of old) volunteered to participate in this study as the subject. Subjects were randomly assigned to either a very short (30 second; P30) or short (120 second; P120) rest period group. During the first 2 weeks of training, 3 sets of 10-12 repetition maximum (RM) with 120 second rest intervals between sets and exercises (hamstring with machine, squat, dead lift and leg press) were performed by both groups. During the next 6 weeks of training, the P120 group trained using 120 second between sets and exercises (4 sets of 8-10RM), and the P30 group trained using 30 second between sets and exercises as the 6 weeks of training progressed (4 sets of 8-10RM). 2 × 3 repeated measures ANOVA was used to evaluate time-course change in variables. Post hoc analyses (Bonferroni) were then performed when warranted and the level of significance in all statistical analyses was set at P≤0.05. The results indicated that quadriceps cross-sectional area (CSA), hamstring CSA and total thigh muscle CSA increased after both of resistance training (P<0.05) but no significant differences were observed between these training. For testosterone (Ts) no significant change was observed and growth hormone (GH) level was increased in P30 and P120 groups and decreased to baseline level 30 min after the training. Cortisol (Cor) concentration decreased (P<0.05) and insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and Ts/Cor ratio increased (P<0.05) only in P120 group and these changes were continued 30 min after the training.Attention to our results, it suggests that 120 second rest between sets for thigh muscle hypertrophy and more anabolic hormones secretion in women.

The purpose of this study was to present a model for the development of football and futsal in East Azerbaijan province. This research in terms of purpose was applied, in terms of strategy was qualitative and in terms of implementation was content analysis. Participants in the study were experts in the field of sports, especially football, and university professors. Purposeful sampling was performed and the total number of participants was 16. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. After the finalization of the codings, 25 concepts over seven main themes were extracted including contingent factors (football as the most popular sport, football is a pervasive and global phenomenon, increasing the active presence of women in football, paying attention to Azerbaijanis' interest in football, society's tendency to football as a recreational sport, the existence of a young talented sport), interactions (cultural development of football, fan loyalty to the club, attracting spectators from playing with famous teams), development genres (modeling of successful countries in football, development of professional clubs, awards Name of football clubs), development stages (creation of local soccer associations, training of football experts, training of specialized human resources), development obstacles (lack of specific football equipment, lack of codified and continuous planning, Lack of academic football coaches and specialists, lack of scientific methods in talent identification, poor management in marketing), values (sport is a factor for health and vitality, cultural activities) and resources (existence of basic football equipment, resources from attracting sponsors, appropriate financial facilities). Based on the findings of the present study, for the development of these sports in East Azarbaijan province, football and futsal managers, while paying attention to the contingent factors, need to formulate development plans in the fields of development resources, development stages, development genres, Interactions, barriers to development and values.

Increasing participation of people in competitive, martial and recreational sports, the incidence of inflammation and muscle damage has also increased, and this leads to a lot of economic, mental and psychological damage to sports clubs and players. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of comprehensive modified FIFA 11+ warm-up program on inflammatory indicators and muscle damage in adolescent taekwondo males. The current research was carried out as a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design, and the statistical population consisted of all the young taekwondo players aged 13 to 18 in Zanjan city who met the conditions to enter the research. 24 adolescent taekwondo practitioners with at least three years of sports experience were selected and randomly divided into two equal experimental and control groups. The experimental group in addition to their routine taekwondo exercises, used modified FIFA +11 warm-up exercises for warm-up, and the control group did their usual warm-up exercises. At the pretest, blood samples were taken to check muscle damage indicators levels, and the second stage of sampling was performed 24 hours after eight weeks. Analysis of covariance was used to compare the groups and the effect of the intervention; significance level was considered P<0.05. The results showed modified FIFA 11+ warm-up program had no significant difference on CPK, LDH and CRP (p value= 0.089, 0.543 and 0.729, respectively). The results of this research showed that modified FIFA 11+ warm- up program did not cause any damage or inflammation and can be recommended as a suitable and safe method for athletes and team coaches.

The purpose of this study was to explain the quantitative pattern of digital marketing development in the Iranian Football Federation. The present study was applied in terms of purpose and quantitative in terms of structural equation modeling (SEM) research. The statistical population consisted of all staff, middle and operational managers of the Football Federation, all experts, including people who are aristocratic and knowledgeable in the field of football marketing, were selected by available sampling method to complete the necessary data. The tools of this research were made by the researcher and were compiled in 5 Likert values. In order to analyze the data at the level of inferential statistics, Kalmogorov-Smirnov test (K-S), Friedman test and Varimax rotation heuristic analysis test were used using SPSS ver 22 software. Also, to evaluate the validity of the structure, confirmatory factor analysis test and structural equation model test by partial least squares (PLS) method were used using Smart PLS 2 (beta) software. The results showed that the coefficients of determination obtained for the main model are generally acceptable (above 0.67). Also, according to the results, among the causal factors of communication requirements (0.926), underlying factors, software dimensions (0.860) and intervening factors, addressing issues related to digital marketing (0.919), the highest factor load. Had. The results also showed that the consequences of digital marketing in the football federation is the improvement of communication and interactions of the federation (0.883) and finally the value of the goodness of fit index for the whole model was calculated to be 0.444 which shows the overall fit of the model. It is acceptable. Since communication requirements are one of the most important factors in digital marketing. Therefore, in order to maintain communication and maintain their customer base, the managers of sports organizations must completely reconsider their marketing strategies.

Aerobic exercise combined with saffron supplementation regulates blood glucose in diabetic patients and improves antioxidant defense. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise and saffron supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in obese women with type 2 diabetes. In this semi-experimental study forty-two type 2 diabetic obese women with a mean age of (55.3±5.79 years, body fat: 33.37±2.92) were randomly divided into four equal groups (training+supplement, training+placebo, supplements and placebo). training+supplement and training+placebo, group performed 12 aerobic training weeks (3 sessions per week, aerobic exercise with 50-80% maximum heart rate). A daily dose of 200 mg of saffron (once a day) for 12 weeks was used. The placebo contained 200 milligrams of wheat flour. After 12 hours of fasting, blood samples were taken in two stages before and after the blood test. Subsequently, fibrinogen variables were evaluated for homocysteine. Data analysis was performed using one way analysis of variance analysis with LSD and t-test. In within-group comparison results showed a significant reduction in these variables in the post-test phase compared to the pre-test in training+supplement, training+placebo and supplements groups (P=0.001). The results of the inter-group comparison showed that there was a significant difference between the groups training+supplement, training+placebo, supplements with placebo group in these variables (P=0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups of training+placebo and supplements (P≥0/05). Also, among all the research groups, the highest level of significant level was observed in the post-test between the in training+supplement and the placebo group (P = 0.001). The results of this study showed that 12 weeks of aerobic training and oral supplementation of saffron head in a placebo capsule alone have a significant effect on homocysteine and fibrinogen indexes in type 2 diabetic patients. However, saffron supplementation with aerobic exercise has the greatest impact on the control of these indices. We believe that other mechanisms other than the antioxidant effects and in improving and reducing the measured factors in the current study affecting type 2 diabetes in the group receiving saffron heads (training+supplement and supplements,) observed with this new plant compound, which should be in the future To be identified.

The current research was carried out in order to identify and explain the main and essential drivers affecting the professionalization of sports federations in Iran. This research is one of mixed research (a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods) in terms of its implementation. In addition to the qualitative study with the theme analysis method using semi-structured interviews, in the quantitative part, the model arising from the research was tested with the confirmatory factor analysis method. The statistical population of this research in the qualitative part was made up of managers and officials of the National Olympic Committee and sports federations, university professors, as well as specialists of organizations and organizational strategy (12 people). The interviewees were selected by purposeful sampling. In the quantitative section, employees of the National Olympic Committee, selected sports federations and the Ministry of Sports and Youth were selected (210 complete and correct questionnaires). The results obtained from the research identified two endogenous and exogenous factors during the professionalization process with subcategories including the expectations of the subgroup members, the management department, the structure of the decision-making process, the specific characteristics of the federation, pressure from stakeholders, and the competitive environment. Confirmatory factor analysis data also showed a good and sufficient fit for the identified factors. In general, professionalization is known as a multifaceted and complex phenomenon various factors influence its formation and creation. In the meantime, sports federations should be able to use the best solution in the face of professionalization in the sports environment by knowing the factors.

risin is a bridge between physical activity and cognitive performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of swimming in cold water for six weeks on irisin expression in brain tissue and cognitive function. 25 male Wistar rats were purchased from Pasteur Institute and transferred to the research center and randomly divided into three groups: swimming in water with normal temperature (28 degrees), swimming in cold water (15 degrees) and control group. Training rats swam 3 days a week for 6 weeks in the form of intervals. 48 hours after the last training session, rats were anesthetized and sacrificed through intraperitoneal injection of xylazine and ketamine and their brain tissue was taken. Then the ELISA method was used to measure the irisin gene. One-way ANOVA test was used to analyze the findings. The results showed that six weeks of swimming improved cognitive performance compared to the control group (p<0.01). Also, brain tissue irisin levels were significantly increased in two training groups compared to the control group (swimming group in water with normal temperature and swimming in cold water, respectively, p<0.05 and p<0.07). In addition, the irisin changes of the group swimming in cold water were significantly higher than the group swimming in normal temperature water (p<0.002). It seems that irisin can be a bridge between exercise activity and improving cognitive function. So that, exposure to cold can increase the effect of exercise activity on irisin and, as a result, cause further improvement in cognitive function.

The purpose of this study was to identify strategies and consequences of human resource adjustment in sports organizations. The research method is descriptive-survey and applied in nature. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part includes all managers, members of federation committees, athletes, coaches and university professors, and in the quantitative part it includes all employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth and sports federations. 1200). Sample size with SP sample size determination software. S. The sample size was determined and estimated at 291 people. The analysis of the collected data is descriptive and inferential statistical methods. SPSS software version 25, Smart PLS software version 3.2.8 and Excel version 2016 were used. The model of manpower adjustment with emphasis on the competence of manpower and individual characteristics in sports of the country consists of causal factors, background factors, intervening factors, strategies and consequences of manpower adjustment in sports, which is designed based on 3 main categories. Causal conditions affecting manpower adjustment with emphasis on manpower competence and individual characteristics in sports including 4 main categories, background conditions including 6 main categories, intervention conditions including 5 main categories, solutions for adjusting manpower in sports including 3 categories. Finally, the consequences of manpower adjustment with emphasis on manpower competence and individual characteristics in sports include 5 main categories. All the research paths are meaningful and the model can be a model for adjusting human resources in sports organizations.

Changing the lifestyle towards inactivity and low physical activity increases the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of physical activity on some cardiovascular risk factors, body mass index and ankle-brachial blood pressure index of middle-aged people of Shahid Rajaei University.

The statistical sample included 81 male and female employees of Shahid Rajaee University of Education, Tehran. The age range of the subjects was between 26 and 58 years. The physical activity of the subjects was measured through a researcher-made questionnaire. Fasting blood sugar and lipid profiles were measured by special test strips. The ankle-brachial blood pressure index of the subjects was also evaluated to evaluate peripheral artery disease. Data analysis was done using one-sample t, independent t and Pearson correlation test at a significance level of 0.05.

Statistical analysis showed that blood sugar, blood lipid profile, brachial ankle index, and body mass index of university employees were within the normal range, except for the triglyceride level, which was in the borderline risk range. In all research variables, no significant difference was observed between university employees and professors (P 0.05). There is a significant negative correlation between cardiovascular risk factors (total cholesterol levels, blood triglyceride, LDL-C) and ankle-brachial blood pressure index with the subjects' physical activity level (P0.05).

Based on the findings of this research, it can be said that as the amount of physical activity increases in both groups of middle-aged university professors and staff, the amount of measured cardiovascular risk factors and ankle-brachial blood pressure index decreases and vice versa. . Therefore, middle-aged people can be advised to do regular and daily light physical activity such as walking in order to improve cardiovascular risk factors and lower limb artery disease.