جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « women » در نشریات گروه « تربیت بدنی »

The purpose of this research was to research the main drivers of women's participation in sports. This research was methodologically mixed (qualitative and quantitative) and its design was simultaneous. In the qualitative part, the research strategy was environmental scanning and in the quantitative part, futures research was the method of interaction analysis. The statistical population of this study was experts and reviewed resources that were purposefully selected and based on theoretical saturation and secondary sources, 14 experts in the field of women's sports were interviewed, including managers, officials and experts in women's sports. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview and a checklist in the qualitative part and a questionnaire in the quantitative part. In order to analyze the data, the coding method was used in the interview analysis section and the structural analysis method was used in the futures section with the help of MICMAC software. The findings showed that the future of women's participation in sports is affected by 22 variables, but the five variables of healthy lifestyle, holding managerial positions, role and function of media, gender justice and investment in women's sports are driving Are changing the future of women's participation in sports. As a strategic conclusion, it should be considered that the realization of a favorable scenario for the future of women's participation in sports requires the attention and focus of policy makers and planners on the variables that can be changed to the purposeful change and improvement of the system.

Empowerment of female sports managers affects the performance of sports organizations. The purpose of this study was to develop a conceptual model of professional empowerment of female managers in sports organizations. The statistical population included two sections of human resources (managers, professors, etc.) and information resources (books, articles, documents, etc.) related to the research topic. Adequate sampling with a judgmental method based on achieving theoretical saturation (n=17) with research tools included systematic library study and structured exploratory interviews. The validity of the instrument was evaluated and confirmed based on the legal and scientific validity of the sample, expert opinion and agreement between the correctors. The conceptual model consisted of three consecutive levels of contextual, structural-process and functional (89 components, 22 dimensions and 10 perspectives). Background level in two perspectives of national management and sports environment; A structural-process level component also includes five perspectives; Strategy, system capacity building, information supply, organizational context and job preparation; Functional levels also included perspectives on empowerment, professionalization, and professional empowerment outcomes. Based on the research findings, it can be said that the professional empowerment system for female sports managers is a systematic process from contextual factors to consequences, and its implementation, despite the complex organizational conditions, can have a significant effect on performance and teaching gender justice in the sports organizations.

The use of nutritional interventions, food supplements such as sodium bicarbonate, can improve sports performance and athlete's health and prevent fatigue. It is recommended to prevent early fatigue and improve performance during competition. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on anaerobic performance, serum I-FABP protein and metabolic responses of trained women during increasing sports activity.  

15 female athletes with an average age of 21.80 ± 1.10 participated in this research. Three targeted intervention methods were studied using placebo and sodium bicarbonate in amounts of 0.3 and 0.5 g/kg body weight. The Wingate test was conducted in three stages. The indexes of maximum anaerobic power, average power and fatigue index were evaluated using the Wingate test. Measurement of I-FABP index, pH, HCO3 and lactate was also done by taking blood from the vein.

The research results showed that there is no significant difference between the groups in average power, fatigue index and blood indices. Only, the results of the peak anaerobic power index at the 0.5 dose were significant (p<0.05).At the 0.3 dose, there was no significant difference between the groups in peak power, average power, fatigue index and blood indices.

Taking sodium bicarbonate supplement at a dose of 0.5 g/kg body weight in women can significantly increase the maximum anaerobic power in these athletes. Also, consuming this amount of bicarbonate supplement does not cause any digestive damage.

The present study was conducted to identify and analyze the dominant discourse on women's championship sports in the country and to identify effective deterrents and reinforcing factors on women's championship sports.

The research method based on the nature of the data and analysis method based on discourse analysis is qualitative and based on the purpose is applied research. The statistical population of this study includes 42 women champions who were included in the list of people sent to the 2012 and 2016 World Olympic and Paralympic Games. Also, theoretical sampling was used, which according to Holloway and Amy, 4 to 40 people are sufficient for qualitative studies.

Findings of discourse analysis show various factors affecting the development of women's championship sports. These factors are classified into two main categories; deterrents and reinforcing factors. Deterrents include: lack of material and moral support of government officials, gender discrimination, lack of club facilities, infrastructure restrictions, patriarchal culture, lack of rewards; and reinforcing factors include: self-confidence, family support, perseverance, high motivation, coach support, teamwork, professional ethics, attention to religious values and women's sports culture.

In this article, Deterrents and Reinforcing factors of women's championship sports identified base on discourse analysis and classified, Solutions for the comprehensive development and improvement of women's championship sports for successful participation in the Olympic and Paralympic competitions have been presented.

Physical activity is one of the components affecting different aspects of life.The purpose of this research was to model the relationship between physical activities and self-esteem and social vitality of female students. The type of descriptive-analytical research and its statistical population were all female teachers in Abdanan city in 2018-2019 and the sample number was 224 teachers. In this research, multi-stage random sampling method was used and 7 schools (28 schools in total) and 8 people from each school were randomly selected from each district of Abdanan city and sample data was extracted from them. The measuring tools of the research were Beck's Physical Activity Questionnaire (1982), Cooper Smith's Self-Esteem Questionnaire, and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, and the research data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and structural equation models using SPSS-22 and AMOS-20 software. Analysis was done. The results of this study showed that work, sports and leisure time physical activity have a significant relationship with self-esteem and social vitality of female teachers. Also, the structural equation model analysis showed that self-esteem plays a mediating role in the relationship between physical activity and vitality of female teachers. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that different types of physical activity should be considered for the self-esteem and social vitality of female teachers.Key words: sports, women, healthy lifestyle.

The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the social-cultural challenges of women in the management of sports federations of the country. In terms of the method of data collection, the research was a mixed type of research. The statistical population included all female managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, the National Olympic Committee, sports federations and female transnational champions (214 people). 32 experts were identified with the theoretical saturation method of cultural and social challenges of women's management in sports organizations. Sampling in the quantitative part was done in a clustered and targeted manner consisting of 150 people. The research tool in the qualitative part includes in-depth interviews to build the proposed research model using the Delphi technique, and in the quantitative part, the questionnaire obtained from the qualitative part is used. Data analysis was done in the qualitative section using the Max Kyoda method and the interpretive structural qualitative model. The results of the research showed that the cultural and social challenges faced by women in the field of sports management in the country are "non-promotion of women in the job position due to organizational stereotypes and prejudices" "dominance of traditional patriarchal thinking in society" "lack of society's belief in women's ability to manage affairs" In managerial scenes and women's lack of self-confidence" has been mentioned the most among the interviewees.​

The aim of the present study was to investigate and analyze the content of articles related to women's sports management in scientific journals. The research community included articles from databases such as Civilica, the Regional Center for Information Science and Technology, Zanjan, Magiran, Noor Journals, the Comprehensive Portal of Humanities, the Scientific Information Database of Jihad University, and the Islamic World Science Citation Database, as well as sports management journals in the country. A total of 129 articles were identified through keyword searches including "women's sports," "female sports," and "girls’' sports" in the mentioned databases, which were then subjected to content analysis.The results indicated that these studies could be classified into eight major categories that the most important of which are: 1- Psychological, social, and ideological perspectives, 2- Financial management and marketing, 3- Management and leadership. Among the universities in the country, after the total of open universities, the University of Tehran, the total of Payame Noor universities, and the University of Guilan have been the most engaged in this area. Furthermore, the majority of articles in this field have been published in the Journal of Sports Management at the University of Tehran; additionally, the highest number of citations in this field is related to Persian articles. It is worth mentioning that in over 57% of the research, quantitative research methods were employed. Scientific production in recent years has been met with increased interest. Therefore, given the importance of women's sports in the indicators of sports development, it is recommended that research in this area be expanded through interdisciplinary collaborations.

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the promotion of the general culture of sports venues in Tehran province (with the approach of women's presence in sports stadiums). The research was a series of consecutive explorations according to the data collection method. Qualitative data collection tools, semi-structured interviews with 23 professors of sports management and sports sociologists with expertise on the subject of research, experts and senior managers of sports federations, managers of stadiums and sports venues, policy makers and He was a member of the media. They were selected by purposive sampling method and snowball method. In the qualitative stage, the data have been analyzed through the coding method in three stages: open, axial and selective. Findings included 62 symbols in open coding, in axial coding in 8 concepts. Research tool in the quantitative stage of research, a researcher-made questionnaire was created. Its content validity has been confirmed by sports management professors and sports sociologists and its reliability has been calculated through Cronbach's alpha coefficient and reported (α = 0.812). Data analysis was performed using SPSS22 and PLS-Smart software. The findings showed; Education, planning, organization, control and political system, legal system, cultural system and religious system have a fundamental role in promoting the general culture of sports venues and stadiums in Tehran. According to the findings, in order to promote the general culture of sports venues, sports managers need to identify the potential in these areas and implement practical strategies.

The goal of human resource development, in all societies, is primarily to eliminate gender discrimination and ensure mental and physical health, and sport has always strived to provide a world free of deprivation and restriction. The purpose of this study is to identify the consequences of banning the presence of Iranian women in football stadiums and watching men competitions. In this qualitative-analytical study, 45 experts in the field of sports and women's health from the top universities in the country in 2020 were interviewed. The sampling method was theoretical and purposeful. Data analysis was performed by open and axial coding method. After coding the concepts, two concepts of positive consequences and negative consequences were identified. In the group of negative consequences, 24 concepts were identified in the form of 3 categories of psychological, social and cultural consequences and in the group of positive consequences, 4 concepts were identified in the form of categories of cultural consequences and its model drawn. The results of this study showed that this ban causes the most harm socially and psychologically, and the positive and negative cultural categories are less affected. Managers and officials are expected to take basic steps to ensure the mental health of women eager to watch football.

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the development of Iranian international women's sports diplomacy. This research was exploratory and was done qualitatively (thematic analysis). The population of this study consisted of experts aware of the phenomenon under study. Sampling was done purposefully with a snowball approach and semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants. Based on the analysis of 17 interviews with study participants, 13 main themes and 33 sub-themes were identified. The results showed that the factors of religious requirements, socio-cultural requirements, media requirements, awareness, Promotion of scientific knowledge, development of an effective strategy, political-sports institutions responsibility, human resource development, structural requirements, international branding, management factors, holding events, and Development of international communications are the main factors influencing the development of Iranian international women's sports diplomacy. In general, the results showed, as a result of their increasing success and progress in international arenas, women's sports in the Islamic Republic of Iran are an effective tool for international diplomacy. The results of this research are a clear road map for officials and sports organizations to pave the way for the advancement of women's sports and ultimately the development of international diplomacy of women's sports.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between mental models and psychological needs with individual and social responsibility in women's futsal.The present study was a field and correlational study. The statistical population of the study includes all female futsal athletes that 333 people were selected by stratified random sampling. The research instruments included three questionnaires: Mental Models (RSMMM), Psychological Needs (UPEQ), Personal and Social Responsibility (PSRQ). The reliability of the questionnaires was also calculated and confirmed using Cronbach's alpha test and combined reliability. Structural equation modeling in Smart PLS software version 3 was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between mental models with Personal responsibility, mental models with social responsibility, psychological needs with Personal responsibility, psychological needs with social responsibility and mental models with psychological needs. The results also showed that psychological needs as a mediator in the relationship between mental models and Personal and social responsibility are significant. Also, the impact model of mental models and Personal and social responsibility mediated by psychological needs had a good fit. Finally, considering the importance of women's sports, especially women futsal players, it is suggested that in addition to the development of players' professions, the promotion of national and Islamic culture should be done by developing Personal and social responsibility through mental models and psychological needs.

Obesity and inactivity are the main causes of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases; Although the role of physical activity on people's health has been reported, the type of exercise and the most favorable method of physical activity on improving body composition are still of interest to researchers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare three methods of aerobic exercise, traditional resistance and TRX on the body composition of women in Sadra city. In this applied research, 24 women with an age range of 27 to 32 years and a weight range of 60 to 65 kg were selected as a statistical sample and randomly divided into groups of (1) aerobic exercise, (2) resistance exercise and (3) exercise TRX were split. Then, the subjects of each group performed the selected exercises for three sessions a week and each session lasted 40 to 60 minutes during the eight-week period. Body fat percentage, mineral mass, body protein mass, body water percentage and net body mass were measured in the pre-test and post-test of the research by BOCAX1 body composition evaluation device made in South Korea. It seems that the three methods of training did not have a significant difference in changing the body composition of women; Also, the factor of time and the number of training sessions along with daily calorie evaluation have been very important factors in the results of this research.

 One of the key factors involved in central nervous system  performance is neurotrophins, including BDNF, which decrease with menopause. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a whole body vibration period on serum BDNF levels in obese postmenopausal women.

In this  semi-experimental study, 24 obese postmenopausal women aged 45-55 years  with an average weight 72/5±5 in Khorramabad city were divided into two groups of 12: 1- without training 2- whole body vibration training. Whole body vibration training group performs these exercises for 12 weeks and three times a week, with a frequency of 30-50 Hz, with an amplitude of 1-2 mm by applying 20 to 30 minutes of vibration, 5 to 15 minutes of upper and lower limb training. 48 hours before the start of the training program and 48 hours after the end of the 12 week training program; Blood sampling and body composition indices were measured. ELISA method was used to measure serum BDNF levels.  Data were analyzed using independent t-test and covariance at the significance level of 0.05.

Results Significant decrease in morphometric indices such as body fat percentage (P = 0.023), body mass index (P = 0.012), and body weight (P = 0.038), as well as significant increase At serum BDNF levels (P < 0.026), the whole body showed vibration compared to the control group.

It seems that the beneficial effects of vibration exercises on increasing BDNF can be a factor in reducing the negative effects of menopause on cognitive function, learning and memory, especially spatial memory.

The purpose of this study was to compare eight weeks of aerobic exercise and garlic supplementation on the levels of growth factors GH and IGF-1 as well as the sex hormone estrogen in the serum of overweight young women. 40 volunteers were selected as a statistical sample in a purposeful and accessible manner and then randomly divided into four groups: aerobic exercise group (10), walking supplement group (10), exercise and supplement group (10) and control group (10). 10) were divided. The criteria for entering the research include: women who have not taken any medicine or supplement during the last six months, are ready to do sports based on the PAR-Q questionnaire, BMI between 25 and 29.9, age range between 20 and 40 years, not having diseases such as Diabetes, joint problems such as arthritis and not having chronic breathing problems. The training program of the aerobic group included 24 training sessions. The duration of the training session was 40 minutes at the beginning and reached 55 minutes during 8 weeks. The training intensity was 50-70% of the maximum heart rate, which reached 65-80% of the maximum heart rate in the eighth week. Also, every day and for eight weeks, 500 mg of garlic supplement (in capsule form) was given to the garlic supplement consuming groups, and 500 mg glucose capsules similar to the garlic supplement capsules were given to the placebo group. For the purpose of statistical analysis, the Shapiro-Wilk test was used to check the normal distribution of the data and homogeneity of variance using the Levine test. In order to test the hypotheses, the correlated t-test was usedto examine intra-group differences and the analysis of covariance test was used to examineinter-group differences. Also, a significant level was considered for all calculations (α≤0.05). The results of covariance analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the post-test values of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1 and estrogen between the three groups (P<0.01). Correlated t results showed a significant difference in the amounts of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1 and estrogen in the three experimental groups except the control group (P<0.05). The results of the present study showed that eight weeks of aerobic exercise and garlic supplementation lead to an increase in the growth factors GH and IGF-1 as well as thesex hormone estrogen in overweight young women. Therefore, aerobic exercise and garlic supplementation can be recommended to overweight women.

This study aimed to compare the effects of four weeks of aerobic training and strength training on serum cortisol and creatine kinase levels in sedentary overweight women aged between 25 and 40 years. A total of 36 subjects were selected from inactive women with excess weight as a research sample. They were chosen based on specific criteria for participation in the study and were then randomly assigned to three groups: aerobic exercise (12 people), strength training (12 people), and a control group (12 people). The aerobic training group underwent a 4-week program consisting of 12 training sessions, with three sessions per week. The intensity of the sessions was set at 65 to 70% of the reserve heart rate, lasting 16 to 22 minutes each week. The strength training program also spanned four weeks, with three sessions per week at an intensity of 50 to 65% of one repetition maximum (1RM). Blood samples were collected from the subjects at two points: before the training began and 48 hours after the final four-week session. The samples were taken under fasting and baseline conditions to measure serum cortisol and creatine kinase levels. Blood samples of 6 ml were drawn from the brachial vein for serum separation. Data analysis involved using covariance analysis and Bonferroni's post hoc test to assess intergroup differences, if significant. Additionally, the paired t-test was employed to evaluate intragroup differences at a significance level of 0.05. The study results revealed a significant difference in the intergroup levels of cortisol and serum creatine kinase among inactive women after four weeks of aerobic and strength training (P=0.000). Additionally, a significant difference was observed in intragroup cortisol levels between the pre-test and post-test stages in both the aerobic and strength training groups (P<0.05). Furthermore, a significant difference in intragroup creatine kinase levels between the pre-test and post-test phases was also noted in the aerobic training group (P<0.05). Four weeks of strength and aerobic training led to a decrease in cortisol and creatine kinase levels in inactive overweight women. Therefore, both moderate-intensity exercise methods can be used to reduce stress and injury in overweight inactive women.

Positive effects of doing exercise on physiological factors is evident, and findings of cognitive and psychological effects of exercise are expanding. Nowadays, aerobics has become very popular among females. The present study aimed to investigate predictability of aerobics trainers and inactive females via cognitive, perceptual, and attentional variables. To this end, 160 females of Tabriz (19-50 years old) were selected through a random cluster sampling technique. The Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS), spatial cueing test, and short form of Physical Self-Descriptive Questionnaire were used to measure variables and discriminant analysis used for data analyzing. The results showed that all the memory, attention and some of the physical self-perceived features could predict aerobics trainers and inactive females with different percentages; the physical self-perceived variable was the best predictor of aerobics trainers and inactive females. It seems that the effects of exercise on physical self-perception factors is more than cognitive and attention factors.

The purpose of this study was to present a model between the role of mass media and the sports culture of women athletes in the Futsal League. The research method is structural correlation equations, based on the present, in terms of applied purpose and in terms of collecting field information. The statistical population of this study included all women athletes in the national futsal league, . A total of 198 athletes participated in the Women's Futsal League. To select the research samples, 125 people were randomly selected based on Morgan's random table, 120 questionable questionnaires were completed and returned. The measurement tools of this study were two questionnaires: the role of mass media, 25 questions by Hamidpour and Shetab Bushehri (2015) and women's sports culture, 19 questions by Darabi, Gaini and Momivand (2009). The results of structural equations showed that the effect of the role of mass media on women's sports culture (t = 2.296 and = 0.488) is positive and significant. Therefore, the role of mass media has an impact on the sports culture of women athletes in the country's futsal league. Also, in terms of importance, the role of mass media with a value of 0.695 and in terms of performance with a value of 76.134 has shown its role on women's sports culture. Therefore, the Futsal Federation should try to pay attention to the role of mass media in the Women's Futsal League and use the culture of women's sports in sports media.

Sports is a vast and global social phenomenon that is rooted in the lives of young people and adults, men and women. The purpose of this research work is to investigate the impact of social marketing on the development of women's sports in the Ardabil province with the role of mediator of social vitality. It is concluded that the development of women's sports among people, as a part of culture, requires longterm planning and having a codified plan with a marketing approach necessary to reach the desired goal.