جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "Elite" در نشریات گروه "تربیت بدنی"

This study aimed to to Present a personal branding model for Iranian elite female athletes. The research was conducted in a qualitative grounded theory with the Strauss and Corbin. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data.The data was collected through 17 interviews with female Olympic athletes, Asian Games, managers, professors and experts who somehow had clear records in the field of women's professional sports and its branding and based on theoretical saturation criteria. The collected data were analyzed using open, axial and selective coding and the final model was extracted. From a total of 98 conceptual codes and 20 categories, the model of research was developed based on the axial phenomenon, causal conditions, necessary contexts and contexts, intervening variables, strategies and consequences of the personal brand of Iranian elite female athletes. The results of the findings indicate that personality, cultural intelligence, visibility and social intelligence can become the basis of the personal brand of Iranian elite female athletes by providing lifestyle platforms, sports background and social responsibility. In this regard, by supporting women's sports, self-promotion, ethical performance and benefiting from a coherent image of communication, we can expect consequences such as building a commercial identity, progressing the career path, strengthening motivation and vitality, being a role model and popular in society. Therefore, athletes, managers and sports marketers can create a market of customers and fans by paying more attention to these factors and earn stable income, and maintain reputation, popularity and self-esteem.

Volleyball is one of the most popular and attractive sports among different societies, and developing talent programs to discover and nurture talents and determine the contribution of different talent indicators in this sport, a development and research is needed. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to compare the anthropometric, physiological, psychological, and skill variables of elite volleyball players with different positions and non-elite volleyball players.  

250 elite youth volleyball players and the same number of non-elite male players in the positions of middle defense, passer, libero, power receiver and middle defense while they were selected as available and participated in this study. Anthropometric indices, physiological capabilities, psychological characteristics and skill abilities of the participants were measured by field and experimental methods. For statistical analysis, one-way analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis statistical methods were used.

The results showed that the aerobic and anaerobic power, height, sitting height index, arm span, leg cororal, psychological variables (motivation, self-confidence, goal setting, tension, depression, anger, vitality, fatigue, confusion), service, pass and spike skill of the elite volleyball group were significantly higher than the non-elite group (p<0.05).  On the other hand, body mass index, sitting height, arm span, and forearm brachial index, did not show any significant differences between players of different volleyball positions (p>0.05).

According to the results of the present study, for scientific sports talent identification, besides anthropometric and physiological variables, psychological and skill variables should also be considered to identify talent. It is suggested to use anthropometric variables that were more different than others to find talent for different volleyball positions.

The goal of current survey is to study deference of performance of mental rotation into groups of elite and non-elite athletes with considering of gender differences. Current survey is a semi-experimental type and models are chosen from elite athletes of swimming clubs and volleyball clubs of Tabriz and also athlete students of Tabriz Azad University in an objective matter models which include 100 people; that which is consisting of 50 elite athletes (professional) and 50 athlete students of Tabriz Azad University. Each group consists of 25 male and 25 female models. For measuring the performance of mental rotation peters examination of mental rotation was applied. The test of kolmogorov smirnov is used to investigate the naturalness of data and two-way variance analysis test was used for comparison of averages. The findings were showing that the performance of mental rotation in elite and professional athletes had meaningful difference in comparison with student athletes of Tabriz Azad University (p=0.0001) also performance of mental rotation in male models has meaningful deference in comparison with female models (p=0.008).In general the results were showing superiority of elite athletes and male models in abilities of mental rotation. Since the physical activities increase mental rotation it can be assumed that physical activities will increase other cognitive areas and this case is worth executing in education and nourishment and also in club levels.

This study aimed to investigate alpha power in successful and unsuccessful free throws of elite and novice basketball players.

The current research was quasi-experimental and was implemented in a time series design. Two Elite (10 participants with a mean age of 22.25 ± 1.34) and Novice (10 participants with a mean age of 22.55 ± 1.80) groups participated voluntarily. The data were measured using 28 electrodes from a 32-channel wireless device and were analyzed using the repeated measures analysis of variance test (p≥0.05).

The alpha power of the elite group was higher than the novice group (P=0.001). The successful throws showed lower alpha power than unsuccessful throws (P=0.006). In the comparison of the two groups, the alpha power in the unsuccessful throws of the elite group was higher than in their successful throws (p=0.001), but no difference was observed between the alpha power of the successful and unsuccessful throws of the novice group (p=0.584). The alpha power during the execution time of the free throw task was higher than the pre-execution time (p<0.005), but there was no difference between the first and second pre-execution times (p=1.000). The results of the present study showed that the elite group had higher cortical activity than the novice group in all electrodes (p<0.001).

The findings show that the elite group performed the task with less cortical complexity by inhibiting irrelevant information. In addition, the decrease in alpha power in successful throws indicates an increase in activation of cerebral cortex and an increase in concentration, so that the task can be performed with fewer neural resources.

Recently, the matter of the influence of mental skills on sports skills performance has become very important. The current research aimed to evaluate and compare the mental preparation of the male fencers of the Iranian national team and the elite male fencers of the world.

The current research method was experimental. The statistical population of this research included the fencers of the national teams of Iran, Hungary, America, Russia, France, and Ukraine. The research samples were 58 fencers from selected countries. To measure the mental skills of fencers, the original version of the Ottawa Mental Skills Assessment Tool (OMSAT-3) questionnaire was used. To compare the mental skills of athletes from different countries, the Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and Bonferroni's post hoc test were used.

The results showed that all elite male fencers achieved the highest scores in foundation mental skills including self-confidence, goal setting, and commitment, and the lowest scores were related to refocusing, focusing, and stress control skills. Also, the highest and the lowest scores of mental skills in this research were related to self-confidence and refocusing skills, respectively. Russian fencers scored the highest in all mental skills and Iranian fencers scored the lowest in the stress control skill.

Based on the results of the research, fencers have less proficiency in two sub-skills of cognitive psychological and psychosomatic skills compared with the foundation mental skills. The fencers had lower strength in terms of the mental skill of focusing, refocusing, and stress control. Iranian and non-Iranian fencers were weaker in mental skills of stress control and refocusing.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and personality types and the performance of elite (experienced) and novice (inexperienced) athletes in shooting task. The statistical population included athletes of pistol shooting, 30 of them were selected as elite and beginner participants based on their level of activity as the sample population. Bar-on emotional intelligence questionnaire and Freidman and Rosenman questionnaire were used respectively to measure emotional intelligence and to determine personality type. Shapiro-wilk test was used for determine normal distribution of data and Freidman test, and spearman correlation coefficient test were used for data analysis using SPSS 16. The results showed that there was a significant relationship among emotional intelligence, its components and subscales and the shooting performance of athletes. Also, factors like stress tolerance, problem solving and realism (being realistic) were at the highest level. In addition, elite athletes have type-B personality. According to the findings of this research, paying attention to the emotional intelligence skills and developing them in shooting performance of athletes can be considered by the concerning coaches and officials to improve the shooting skills.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of perceived motivational climate in predicting the goal orientation of elite and non-elite taekwondo players.

This study was descriptive-correlational, and its statistical population was all elite and non-elite taekwondo players in Isfahan city. Based on the population size, 300 samples with a mean age of 25.1 were selected using the Morgan table. Questionnaires on demographic information, goal orientation in sport, and perceived motivational climate in sport were distributed among 150 elite taekwondo players and the same number among non-elite taekwondo players in selected clubs. The completed questionnaires were collected for analysis. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression.

The results showed that in elite taekwondo players, goal orientation had a significant relationship with task orientation (r=0.692, p=0.001), perceived motivational climate (r=0.420, p=0.001), and predicted 47.5% and 2.7% of their goal orientation, respectively. In non-elite taekwondo players, goal orientation had a significant relationship with ego orientation (r=0.522, p=0.001) and predicted 26.8% of goal orientation sequentially.

Overall, the results showed that perceived motivational climate had a more effective role in predicting the goal orientation of elite taekwondo players compared to non-elite taekwondo players.

The impact of organizational culture on productivity ensures the survival of the organization in the current competitive era. Karate federation has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Therefore, the study is to explain the impact of the dimensions of organizational culture with the mediatory role of innovation in productivity of karate practitioners of Isfahan. The participantes included of 341 voluntary Isfahanian karate-kas, which were selected using stratified sampling in a convenient manner that were divided into 4groups: Group1 (applying independent variable/conducting pre-test/post-test), Group2 (applying independent variable/conducting post-test), Group3 (conducting pre-test/post-test), Group4 (conducting post-test). Human resources productivity, innovation, Robbins questionnaire, Hersi and Goldsmith questionnaire, and Madsij questionnaire were used, respectively. After taking the pre-test, an 18-hour educational class of organizational culture was held for the samples in the Groups1 and2. So after six months, a post-test was taken again. Descriptive statistic indices, simple ANOVA test, and VAF test via the SPSS software were used to analyze the data. The significance level was set at P<0/05. The results showed that organizational culture training was effective and the mean scores of organizational culture, innovation and productivity in the post-test increased significantly. The effect of mediating the variable of innovation and components of attention to detail, boldness, risk-taking and stability of culture-building on the productivity of part-time manpower was (VAF<0/8, P=0/000); While the whole effect of organizational culture with the mediating role of innovation on productivity depended on the components of individual creativity, team orientation, attention to individuals and consequentialism (VAF>0/8, P=0/000). Paying attention to the type of components of organizational culture in creating general or partial effects on increasing productivity with the mediating role of innovation in elite karatekas of Isfahan province is important.

The role and influence of policies on public opinion in any country is undeniable. The acceptance and acceptability of sports policies by the people can be one of the potential research fields and provides an effort to understand the public attitude towards sports policies. A high level of public support for sporting success is required as one of the resources required for the successful development of an elite sport system. This research was conducted with the aim of explaining the pattern of reducing the migration of elite athletes based on the acceptance of policies.

The method of this research was mixed (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population in the qualitative section was elite sports experts who were selected purposefully and 12 experts were interviewed based on the theoretical saturation index. In the quantitative part, the statistical population included elite athletes, 407 of whom were selected as samples. The research tools were interviews and questionnaires. Data analysis was done using structural equations and PLS software.

The results of the research showed that the main factors affecting the reduction of migration of elite athletes based on the acceptance of policies, including building trust (with concepts such as the development of elite sports infrastructure, supporting the growth and development of athletes), facilitating conditions (with concepts such as innovation in acquisition of general knowledge and talent management), limitations (with concepts such as political culture, meritocracy and systemic communication network), contextual policies (with concepts such as research and efficiency of the financial system), quality improvement (empowerment and motivation), understanding success (with concepts such as personal and social interests) is the acceptance of policies (with concepts such as usefulness of acceptance, acceptance of support and ease of use) which were categorized in the form of causal factors, contextual factors, limitations, intervening factors, strategies and consequences. Also, the results of the quantitative section showed that all paths have a positive and significant path coefficient.

Understanding and accepting the policies of the elites, which will reduce the migration of the elites, requires a strategic approach. This approach includes supporting the growth and development of athletes with the benefit of advanced technologies, supporting veterans, recognizing the patterns governing the public opinion of society and adopting policies aligned with organizational goals in sports organizations.

The genetic status of athletes plays a significant role in their success. Considering the importance of NRF2 gene polymorphism in aerobic capacity as one of the success factors of athletes, the purpose of this research Comparison of NRF2 gene polymorphism rs12594956 in elite and amateur karate-kas vs. non-athletes. Blood samples were collected in tubes, after DNA extraction, PCR for determining the type of A/C polymorphisms by preparation of primers, samples were electrophoresed on 1% agarose gel using RFLP method via MfeI enzyme. To analyze the data, simple ANOVA, chi-square and logistic regression used in SPSS version 21 software. The significance level was also determined at p<0.05.

The results showed that there was significant within-group difference in distribution of A/C in amateur groups (χ2=8.667, P=0.013) and non-athletes (χ2=6.494, P=0.039). While this distribution did not show a significant difference between all 3 groups (χ2=3.121, P=0.528). Also, in elite athletes, compared to non-athletes, frequency of A/A is higher than C/C: with a coefficient of 1.049, and frequency of A/C is higher than C/C with a coefficient of 0.918 was less. In the case of amateur athletes, the frequency of A/A compared to C/C with a factor of 1.701 times that of non-athletes and the frequency of A/C compared to C/C with a factor of 1.312 times It was more in amateur athletes than non-athletes.

The results of the present research show the high previlance of genotypes related to the lower function of the NRF2 gene for the aerobic energy supply system.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing and investigating the tendency to exercise, academic vitality and mental well-being in normal and elite students. The method of the current research is a descriptive-analytical one that was conducted on a sample of 60 students (30 elite students and 30 regular students) of Lorestan University in the academic year 2008-2019, who were selected by random sampling. To collect the data, the questionnaires of Zarandieh's tendency towards sports (2003), academic vitality of Dehghanizadeh and Hossein Chari (2006) and mental well-being of Keirs and Makiramo (2003) were used. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient test, multiple regression analysis by stepwise method and independent t-groups. The results of this research showed that there is a significant difference between the tendency to exercise, academic vitality and mental well-being among elite and normal students. The results of multiple regression analysis by step-by-step method also showed that the variables of sports orientation and academic vitality together predict 25% of the variance of mental well-being. According to the results of the current research, it seems necessary to provide the necessary ground for improving and promoting the mental well-being of students, especially elite students, by formulating, planning and presenting a suitable policy.

Human athletic performance is an enormously complex multifactorial phenomenon, and is affected by numerous intrinsic (genetics) and extrinsic factors (e.g., training, nutrition). Total genotype score is a new model that was developed as a favorable polygenic profile in the elite athlete group, so the aim of this survey was the comparison of total genotype score of power/ strength responsible ACE, HIF1α and IGF1 polymorphisms of elite, amateur karate-kas vs. non-athletes.

 This survey was done on 252 healthy Isfahanian subjects aged 27.2 ± 7.4 years including 124 males and 128 females sub-divided into elite (N= 80); amateur (N= 86) vs. non-athlete (N= 86 people with the same anthropometric characteristic by elite and amateur corps) groups. The amount of 5cc blood from brachiocephalic vein was taken in tubes including EDTA, then DNA was extracted using a modified salting-out method; polymorphisms were determined by PCR; and the restriction fragment lengths of the products were analyzed by electrophoretic separation, so TGS was calculated finally. Non–parametric Chi-Square and one-way ANOVA by using the SPSS software were used to assess the statistical differences. The level of significance was considered at P <0.05.

Genotyping analyses indicated that in elite karate-ka, an increase in DD frequency was observed (63.0%) compared to non-athlete (41.0%) and amateur Karate-ka groups, significantly (14.7%) (χ2=14.430; P=0.011); but genotype distribution of HIF1α (χ2=2.746, P=0.60) and IGF1 (χ2=1.549, P=0.81) weren’t significantly different.  In addition, the mean of TGS of elite karate-kas (69.85) was higher than amateur Karate-kas (64.40) and non-athlete (63.37), but it wasn’t significant (F=1.66, P=0.08). 

Results have proved that the ACE is a sensitive polymorphism tool to differentiate elite from amateur karate-kas. Additionally, the use of TGS hadn’t been revealed in survey because karate has the multifactorial demands to for success likely; so, the genetic talent needs to be checked by a variety of polymorphisms in different geographical zones, too.

The present study was designed and implemented with the aim of assessing the Needs assessment of psychological development in professional sports in Iran.

The present research method was of qualitative type which was performed in the field using interview. The method of data collection in the present study was field. The statistical population of the study included experts familiar with the subject of research, and according to the purposeful selection of 12 of these people were identified as the research sample. The data collection tool in the present study was a semi-structured interview. Shannon's entropy method was used to analyze the research data. Excel software was used to analyze the data of the present study.

The results of the present study showed that in the course of the development of psychology in professional sports in Iran, cultural, human, motivational, scientific and individual issues are needed. In other words, investing in meeting the cultural, human, motivational, scientific and personal needs will pave the way for the development of sports psychology as a widely used science in professional sports.

According to the results of the present study, it is suggested that in order to develop psychology in professional sports in Iran, it is necessary to make efforts to meet these needs.

One of the key factors for success in sport competitions is the ability to predict the movements of an opponent before performing them. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of choking under pressure on predictive performance and to compare it between elite and novice fencers. In this quasi-experimental study, the subjects included 15 elite athletes of the youth fencing national team (16-20 years old) and 15 students from University of Tehran (18-22 years old) as novice athletes who were assigned to two groups by convenience sampling method. Prior to the test, 15 clips out of 100 video clips of different attacks on different parts of the fencers' body were performed and recorded by two professional members of the Iran National Fencing Team. After each video clip was stopped (before the sword hit the opponent's body), an answer sheet appeared on the screen and the subjects had to predict the location where the sword hit the opponent. The present study was conducted under high and normal pressure conditions. The high pressure condition was applied by the presence of a national team coach as the evaluator and in the non-pressure condition, the efforts were made without the presence of the evaluator. The results of mixed factor analysis of variance showed that the main effect of condition and group was significant but the interactive effect of condition and group was not significant. Bonferroni post hoc test results also showed that those players who were in normal condition had better predictive performance than those who were under the pressure condition; also, elite players had better predictive performance than novices in both conditions (P<0.05). But generally, choking under pressure decreases predictive performance in both elite and novice fencers.

The study is to investigate the socio-economic factors affecting elite tendency to emigrate abroad. The research method is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. In the qualitative section, 22 semi-structured interviews were conducted through purposeful sampling with the elite covered by the Elite Science Foundation in 2018. Interviews with inductive, open coding and open source code based on common-sense semantics and continuous sub-class comparisons, and subcategories and main categories were categorized. The results of this stage showed that the main factors and problems enumerated by the respondents about the tendency of elites to emigrate abroad are: scientific, social, cultural, economic, managerial, planning, legal and communication and technological infrastructure. In the quantitative section, with using survey method and questionnaire technique, required information is gathered. The sample size was estimated 183 by Cochran formula and then 200 people were surveyed by simple random sampling. In this study, the factors affecting elite migration were investigated based on the theory of Everett Lee and after regression analysis, it was observed that social and scientific factors (barriers) at the origin, scientific and social factors at the destination and intervening factors at the destination affect the tendency of elites to migrate abroad.

Sodium bicarbonate with buffering effect is one of the additives and effective supplement to reduce fatigue. Therefore, the main objective of the present study is to investigate the acute effect of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on anaerobic performance in elite and non-elite male cyclists.

In a single-blind crossover study 12 semi endurance elite cyclist (with 3 year national and international competitions experience) and 16 non-elite cyclist (no history of official competition) in the range of 17 – 29 years old selected purposefully and were placed in two group. Both group within one week, 60 minute before the test, consumed 100 mg placebo (NaCl) or 300 mg sodium bicarbonate per kg of body weight of dissolved in 200 ml of water. The Wingate anaerobic test, measure participants peak power, average power, power drop and recovery heart rate indexes and the results were analyzed by using analysis variance (2 × 2) (α >0/05) . dependent variables response to sodium bicarbonate supplementation had no significant difference between two groups (α >0/05), However, in both group the acute supplementation of sodium bicarbonate result in a significant increase in peak power (P<0/001) and average power (P=0/001) and result in a significant decrease in power drop (P<0/001) and fifth minute recovery heart rate (P<0/001). 

Discussion and Conclusion

According to improvement of anaerobic capacity of elite and non-elite male cyclists following acute supplementation of sodium bicarbonate, its effectiveness is possible regardless fitness level or muscle buffering capacity.