جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Team Identification » در نشریات گروه « تربیت بدنی »

Team Identification and Sports Fandom are among the most important predictors of aggression in football fans that their impact varies with the age of the fans. The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating role of age in relationship between Team Identification and Sports Fandom with aggression of football fans. The present study was descriptive and correlational that conducted in field method. The statistical population of study was Esteghlal Fans of which 211 persons were selected as the sample. The research instrument consisted of five standard questionnaires of Sport Fandom, Team Identification, Self-reported Aggressiveness, Physical Aggression and Verbal Aggression. In this study, the data were analyzed using variance-based structural equation modeling. The results showed that Team Identification and Sports Fandom have a positive and significant effect on self-report Aggressiveness, Verbal and Physical Aggression. Also Age has a significant effect on Team Identification, Sports Fandom, Self-report Aggression, Verbal and Physical Aggression, but these effects are negative and inverse. Also, the effect of Team Identification and sports fandom on self-report Aggressiveness, Verbal and Physical Aggression among the young fans was more than middle-aged and old fans, and the effect of Team Identification and Sports Fandom on self-report Aggressiveness, Verbal and Physical Aggression among the middle-aged Fans were more than old fans. According to the results organizers of the football matches in the country and the fan club of the teams can use the older fans to control the emotions of the younger fans and reduce the aggression of the fans.

The positive reputation of the sport teams is the most important intangible asset that somewhat determines their success. Therefore, the purpose of this study was the The Influence of the dimensions of Sport Team Reputation on Team Identification and The spectators’ Attendance Intention. Present research’s method is descriptive - correlation. The population and sample of the research includes members of the Persepolis team's telegram channel (1337926). 525 people of them were randomly selected. For the measurement of the variables of the research, some questionnaires were used, that their formal and content validity was confirmed by the experts, and their internal consistency was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha, and the structural equation model was used for hypothesis test. The results showed that team performance (0.82), team social responsibility (0.76), Spectator-orientation (0.70), team tradition (0.44), management quality (0.37), and financial stability (0.26) had the most impact on team identity of the audience, and team identity with a 0.80 regression coefficient, had effected the attendance intention. Therefore, sport teams can focus on the dimensions of the reputation of the sport teams by formulating and designing necessary and new strategies and programs, not only to achieve reputation, but also to create team identity, and finally to increase the spectators’ intention of attendance.

Purpose of this study was to definition the role of team identification on football fans intentions to attendance mediated by attendance constraints conducted on Esteghlal Tehran Football Club. The research method in this study is descriptive - correlation and SEM was applied to survey the research hypothesis. The number of 550 fans of Esteghlal and team were selected as the research. In order to measure the research variables including attendance constraints, team identification, and intentions to attendance, the questionnaires of Rocha and Fleury (2017) were applied. The validity and accuracy of the questionnaires confirmed by the experts and the reliability of the test questions were confirmed via Cronbach’s alpha test. The results illistrate that team identification with a coefficient of -0.41 impact attendance constraints and with a coefficient of 0.66 impact fans intentions to attendance. On the other hand, attendance constraints with a coefficient of -0.83 impact fans’ intentions to attendance. According to the results of the present study, two things are suggested. On the on hand, by developing and reinforcing fans’ team identification, reduce their perception of constrains to attend in stadiums. On the other hand, by solving and facilitating constrains help fans intention to attend in stadiums

This study was aimed to investigate the cognitive and social behaviors of fans and the effect of these behaviors on their enthusiasm to attend the stadium. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and terms of type in the category of descriptive-correlational research and is based on structural equation modeling. In this regard, 384 spectators of the sports teams of the top leagues of the team and individual disciplines in Iran based on the size of the unknown community and using Morgan table and randomly selected as a statistical sample. To collect data, 3 standard questionnaires of fan enthusiasm (Yoshida et al., 2014), social behaviors (Trail et al., 2005), and cognitive behaviors (positive emotions, Mazodier et al., 2011; emotion expression, Trail and et al., 2012) were used. Data analysis showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between cognitive behaviors and its components with fan enthusiasm and between social behaviors and fan enthusiasm (P <0.05). Also, it was found that cognitive and social behaviors have the ability to predict the enthusiasm of fans by 0.36 and 0.46, respectively. Finally, the model of structural equations of research variables showed that cognitive and social behaviors affect the enthusiasm of fans to attend the stadium and the research model has a good fit. Finally, according to the results of the research, it can be said that the cognitive and social behaviors of the fans affect their enthusiasm to attend the stadium and cause them to return and re-attend to watch sports matches in the stadium.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of club social responsibility on the behavioral intentions of Esteghlal fan's considering the mediating role of team identification. The methodology of this study is descriptive-survey, and by purpose, it is a type of applied research. The sampling method was non-probability, voluntary, and accessible, consisting of Esteghlal fans. The sample size was estimated using SPSS Sample power software based on research goals and assumptions; finally, 303 were taken into account to respond to the standard questionnaire designed -social responsibility in sport (Jung, 2012), team identification (Kim et al., 2019) and behavioral intentions (Kuenzel, and Yassim, 2007)- to examine the hypotheses of the research. It is worth mentioning that the validity and reliability of the tools confirmed in the form of the face and content validity from the perspective of sports management experts as well as statistical tests such as the Heterotrait-Monotrait ratio, Average Variance Extracted, Cronbach's Alpha, and Combined Reliability. Statistical analyzes performed using SPSS 22 and Smart PLS 3 software. The findings indicated a positive and significant effect of social responsibility and team identification of Esteghlal on their behavioral intentions. The club's social responsibility also influenced the team's identification. On the other hand, the role of team identification as a partial mediator significantly confirmed.

Consumption Emotions from the perspective of consumers can be the basis for their mental involvement with their desired product and this mental conflict can be expected to be deeply and effective on consumers' behavioral intentions when it is linked to sport and associated phenomena such as sports symbols or mascots.Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to analyze the consumption- commination`s emotions influenced by well-known sports mascots (case study: Puma brand) in explaining consumer behavioral intentions with a consideration of the gender moderating effect. The methodology of this study is descriptive-survey and by purpose, it is a type of applied study. Estimation of sample size in this study was done using SPSS Sample power software based on the objectives and assumptions of the research and using the tool considered (questionnaire)the assumptions considered in the form of statistical methods were analyzed by Smart PLS 3 software. The findings of this study indicate that consuming emotions consisting of arousal and pleasure have a positive and significant effect on the behavioral intentions of consumers affected by Puma sports mascots; On the other hand, the role and effect of gender modulation in the causal relationship between arousal on behavioral intention was rejected and the effect of pleasure on behavioral intention was confirmed; in other words, the gender variable has moderate the relationship between pleasure on behavioral intentions. It is therefore recommended to marketers and practitioners the psychological-communicational characteristics (feeling of pleasure) of different groups affected bywell-known sports mascots are increasingly taken into consideration.

The aim of this study was to analyze and prioritize the brand extension success factors in football clubs from the experts' viewpoints. The method of the study was descriptive and analytical. The statistical population consisted of university professors with expertise in sport and brand marketing, members of marketing committee of Football Federation and the managers of the football clubs. Sampling method was theoretical. Totally, respondents included 11 sport management professors, 3 business management professors, 4 club managers and 3 members of marketing committee if the Football Federation (n=21). Interview was used in factor identification phase and pairwise comparisons questionnaire was used in the prioritization phase. AHP method was used to prioritize factors. The results showed that according to the experts' viewpoints, brand equity, rules, fans’ team identification and marketing actions were the success factors of brand extension in football clubs. Brand equity factors that affected brand extension of the clubs included factors associated with team (success, star player and head coach), organization (club history, league level and sponsor) and market (geographic area, media coverage and competition level). Marketing actions included fitness, quality and proper promotion.

Purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between service quality and repurchase intentions among fans of an Sepahan club and also the effect of team identification on this relationship. In this line, a total number of 312 fans responded to questionnaires including service quality, revisit (repurchase) intention and team identification. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as multiple regression analyses. Findings showed that team identification moderates the relationship between service quality and revisit intention. Both overall service quality and two specific service-quality dimensions (“responsiveness” and “access”) are found to be positively associated with repurchase intentions only among respondents with low and medium team identification. No relationship is found between service quality and repurchase intentions among those with high team identification. Managers of professional sports events who wish to increase attendances by improvements in service quality should first segment their customers according to degree of team identification. They should then design their service offerings specifically to meet the service quality expectations of sports fans with medium or low team identification

In order to study the effect of team and organizational identification, upon the consumers’ attitude regarding cause-related sport marketing, a descriptive-correlative research based on head counting sampling) (n=400), among Physical Education students of Kurdistan Province (N=540) was done. The tool of measurement is a researcher made Questionnaire including: individual characteristics, team identification, Cause organizational identification, consumers’ attitude, sport/ cause fit and purchase intention. The analysis of the data was based upon descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, …) and Inferential statistics (correlation, Confirmatory factor analysis and Structural Equation Model), using SPSS software Version 22 and AMOS version 20. The findings of the study show that the above-mentioned proportion between sport and causes has a positive and meaningful effect upon Consumer attitude toward CRSM and team identification directly and regardless of sport fit and cause cannot affect Consumer attitude toward CRSM, but Cause organizational identification lonely and regardless of sport/ because fit has a positive and meaningful effect on consumers’ attitude, ultimately the positive change of consumers’ attitude leads into purchase.

Sports spectatorship is one of people's favorite pastimes. Besides attending games in person, sports fans use a wide variety of social media keep up with their favorite teams that leads to more identification and self-esteem. So, the purpose of this research was design a model for determining Relationship football fan identification and collective self-esteem based on social media. The research method was descriptive and survey that data were gathered through questionnaire. The statistical population was consisted the fans of Teraktorsazi football club in a match with the team of Qatar Lekhwiya Sports Club that the number 248 were selected randomly. Structural equation models (SEM) were used to analyze the data. Results indicated that social media usage effect positively on fan identification (β= 0/88). Also, fan identification affect significantly on collective self-esteem (β= 1.03). Sports fans use social media to achieve and maintain their positive social identity through intergroup differentiation from rival teams and manage their feelings and self-esteem through associating with a successful team.

peer leaderships on team identification and efficacy of handball players of Iran universities and higher education institutions. The population of this study consisted all players of teams who participated in the national handball tournament of universities and higher education institutions boy students (140 persons), that among them 107 persons selected by available sampling method. After determining validity and reliability, in order to data gathering use of leadership in sport (Chelladurai and Saleh, 1980), team identification (Fransen et al, 2015) and team efficacy (Feltz and Lirgg, 1998) questionnaires. Findings indicated that positive feedback style of peer leaders has a direct and significant effect on team efficacy of players and training style of them has a negative and significant effect on the team identification. Also, the team identification has a positive and significant on the team efficacy. Finally, peer leaders’ training style showed an indirect, significant and negative effect (mediated by team identification) on the team efficacy. According to the findings, suggested to the team's officials identify peer leaders within their teams and aware them of their behavior effective role in creating of team identification and efficacy among team members.

One of the sport clubs’ programs have been engage in charitable activities that had certain social functions in society. So, the purpose of this article was to investigate the role of the charity activities of football clubs on fans team and organizational identification and to investigate the purchase intentions. The aim of this research was applicable and the method was correlation type. The statistical population of the study was the students of University of Kurdistan and the Medical Sciences in Sanandaj City. 250 people who gave positive reply to the question “whether they support their favorite team” were chosen as statistical sample for analysis. The research instrument included a questionnaire based on Lee's research (2009) with the dimensions of team identification, organizational identification, and purchase intention, as well as a researcher-made questionnaire using charitable activities contained on official club sites. Cronbach's alpha and factor analysis were used to evaluate the reliability and credibility of the research instrument. The results showed that charity activities effect on team identification (0.20), organizational identification (0.25) and purchase intentions (0.11). According to the results we are able to say that the football clubs, which help to solve the problems of society, can spread a kind of team and organizational identification among fans. This would enhance the sense of philanthropy in society and the future of the sport clubs.

The aim of this study was modeling factors influencing brand extension in Iran professional football clubs. The research method was descriptive and survey. The statistical population consisted of sport management postgraduate students of Iran universities. Sampling was conducted by multistep cluster method and data were collected from universities in Tehran city, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Isfahan University and Razi University of Kermanshah (n=300). A questionnaire with 5 parts (brand equity, fan team identification, rules, marketing activity and brand extension) was used to collect data. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire was reviewed and approved before it was used. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine construct validity and the structural equation modeling in Lisrel software was used to offer the research model. The model test results showed that model fit with data was good and impact coefficients of rules (0.5), brand equity (0.37), marketing activity (0.27) and fan team identification (0.17) were significant on brand extension of professional football clubs.

The aim of this study was investigate the effect of club''s social responsibility on the fan''s team identification. Population of this study was consists of the fans of three teams that selected of the Iranian Football Pro League. By using the formula to determine the sample size، it for infinite population obtained 384. For data collection، the social responsibility questionnaire and team identification questionnaire were used. In order to verify the normality of data distribution، the Skewness، and Kurtosis indexes were used. For data analysis، statistical tests such as mean، standard deviation، factor analysis، Pearson correlation، and multiple regressions were used. Results showed that social responsibility have a positive effect on fans identification. It can be said activities such as participating in the games aimed at helping needy people، support of sport for all and activities such as these enhance the fan identification.

The aim of this study was investigate the effect of club''s social responsibility on the fan''s team identification. Population of this study was consists of the fans of three teams that selected of the Iranian Football Pro League. By using the formula to determine the sample size، it for infinite population obtained 384. For data collection، the social responsibility questionnaire and team identification questionnaire were used. In order to verify the normality of data distribution، the Skewness، and Kurtosis indexes were used. For data analysis، statistical tests such as mean، standard deviation، factor analysis، Pearson correlation، and multiple regressions were used. Results showed that social responsibility have a positive effect on fans identification. It can be said activities such as participating in the games aimed at helping needy people، support of sport for all and activities such as these enhance the fan identification.

Participation in video games has become the fastest growing form of human recreation. In particular، the soccer has been able to penetrate many industries such as video games. It also influenced people to leisure. This study examined the relationship between psychological characteristics of football fans with their interaction with the relevant football video game deals. Participants in this study were 379 teenage boys who participated in the 2013 FA Cup Digital. To investigate this relationship، the authors used two-part questionnaire. The first episode features a sport fans (sport fan questionnaire، team identification and psychological commitment to team and the second part of the questionnaire، based on the level of participation in sports video games and win prefer (victory favorite team against other team) used was. Multiple regression results revealed that psychological factor، especially sports fans، significantly predict the Level of participation and win prefer.

The aim of the current study was to provide a model for development of Teams'' brand loyalty among fans of football premier league in Iran، based on literature review. The study was a descriptive-survey research and a practical one. Research population involved the fans of football teams that were famous for having eager fans in football premier league in Iran in season of 1390-91. Based on a pilot study a sample of (n=382) was found to be proper for this study، and finally 420 questionnaire were distributed among fans who were selected through purposive available sampling، that among them، 409 questionnaires were found to be valid and measurable. The research tool was adapted from Gladen and Funk (2001) Atittudinal Loyalty، Fink et al (2003) Behavioral loyalty، Ahearn et al (2005) Identity attractiveness، Mael and Ashforth (2003) Fan-team identification، and Koo (2009) Team identity questionnaires. The questionnaire composed of 5 parts as well as demographic part، that totally involved 34 items. Questionnaire''s face validity was investigated according to 15 sport and marketing scholars’ comments، and questionnaire''s content validity was found to be 0/79. The questionnaire''s total reliability was also found to be %86 according to Choronbach’s alpha. SPSS18 and PLS were used for data analysis. According to research findings the dimensions of Team identity had no positive and significant effect on Identity attraction; Identity attraction had a positive and significant effect on Fan-team identification (? = 0/695); Fan-team identification had a positive and significant effect on Attitudinal loyalty (? = 0/655); and finally Attitudinal loyalty had a positive and significant effect on Behavioral loyalty (? = 0/727).

This study aimed at determining the relative contribution of team identificationby managerial factors among those clubs attending football premier league of Iran. This study was a descriptive، applied survey. The statistical population consisted of the fans of Iran football premier league. The sample was estimated by the statistical formula (n=865). In order to collect the data، two questionnaires: the Club Managerial Factors Questionnaire by Chen (2007) and the Team IdentificationQuestionnaire made by Wann and Branscome (1993); their reliability and validity were tested for this study (Cronbach’s alpha for Club Managerial Factors Questionnaire α=0. 86 and for Team Identification Questionnaire α=0. 78). To analyze the data، SPSS15 was used and the results were obtained by Pearson correlation test، liner regression analysis and Multivariate regression analysis. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between five club managerial factors and team identification (P=0. 01). Among these factors، attractiveness had the strongest relationship with team identification. Also، the results of multivariate regression analysis showed that three factors of attractiveness، media and affiliation could be reliable predictors of team identification. These factors explained more than 40% of the variations of the dependent variable. As a result، the researchers suggested that these dimensions were considered as factors for success and for maintaining fans with high team identification. In other words، these factors are the essential keys to the identification of the best strategies for the clubs and have many advantages such as an increase in income، capital attraction، more ticket sales، etc.

Soccer matches in Iran make that many of fans go to stadiums and sport complexes every week. This study aimed at investigating of underlying motives for the Iranian Fans to attending soccer matches in super league. Research method was descriptive and type of survey. The statistical society was all of soccer fans in super league، but due to some constraints، according to territorial distribution، 8 super league teams were selected from 18 teams and in total 405 questionnaires were collected from the sample. Fan Motivations questionnaire of Jallai (2008) was used as a research instrument. After translate in Persian، validity of questionnaire approved by sport management experts and the reliability of it has been computed with Cronbachs Alpha coefficient method (72%). Descriptive statistics were used to put on display individual، social، and media characteristics of fans and used inferential statistic (Factorial analysis، one-way ANOWA، Freedman Test) to approve the validity of the questionnaire and the underlying motives، determine the difference between teams in the fan motivation factors and classify the main fan motivation indices respectively. The result showed that 6 factors of team loyalty، community pride، team identification، entertainment، social interaction، and team external conception was the underlying motives for the fans to attend and support teams. In addition، the team loyalty is the most important factor for attending the football fans in stadium.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of event quality, service quality and team identification in the satisfaction of football spectators. Research method of this study was correlation, survey and field. The population of this study consisted of all spectators of Esteghlal-Persepolis derby in football premier league of Iran. Since the population size of the study was over than 70000 people, based on Morgan scale the sample size was determined as 353 individuals (age>18 yr) by stratified random sampling method. To collect the data, four questionnaires of event quality of Zhang et al. (1997), service quality of Wakefield et al. (1996), team identification of Trail and James (2001) and satisfaction of Oliver (1980) were used. Face and content validity of the questionnaires was determined by eight sport management professors and their reliability by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (0.72, 0.77, 0.96, 0.76 respectively). To analyze data, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression was used. Results showed a positive and significant relationship between research variables and satisfaction (p<0.01). Furthermore regression result showed that team identification was a stronger predictor of spectators’ satisfaction. Considering strategies to increase the attendance of spectators through increasing their positive experiences, club managers and authorities of football premier league organization can consider activities in their long-term plans. Furthermore, they should pay more attention to the team identification as the most important factor of spectators’ satisfaction.