جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ژئواکونومیک » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Selling crude oil in oil rich countries is one of the basic issues in these countries. In the meantime, Iran is one of the oil rich countries that suffers from this problem. In such a way that stopping the export of crude oil has always been one of the challenges of governance and it has been emphasized in the upstream documents and plans. In the draft document of the Iranian Islamic model of progress, it is emphasized as a document of all the country's policy documents in a sterategy to continuously reduce the export of raw materials and replace it with a chain of value-added production. With this assumption, the investigation of this issue and the use of global experiences have been done in a documented way, so that by choosing an approach that is appropriate to the geo-economic situation of Iran, in order to realize sterategy number 22 of the Iranian Islamic Model document, progress can be made in the direction of the continuous reduction of the sale of raw materials.

This paper is analytic-descriptive research in nature and applied research in terms of purpose, and its data and information are collected from a library and using written sources including books and articles, documents, statistics and related websites.

Iran has 163.1 billion barrels of oil, and 33.5 trillion cubic meters natural gas. Iran's daily production of oil, gas and gas condensate is about 4 million barrels, 850 million cubic meters and 750 thousand barrels respectively in 2015, and the amount of gas injection has reached more than 77 million cubic meters per day. On average, 50% of the country's general budget is dependent on oil, and more than 70% of the country's foreign exchange needs are provided through oil. Apart from this, the share of the oil sector in the GDP during the last 20 years has averaged nearly 16%. With 10 refineries, Iran ranks 10th among refining countries in the world and second in the Middle East and North Africa after Saudi Arabia, and in 2017, the petrochemical industry accounted for 2.4% of the world's petrochemical production and 22.5% of the Middle East's production with a nominal capacity of 64 million tons. 53.3 million tons have been produced in Iran per year.

The dominant and main approaches of the world from a strategic point of view in dealing with energy can be "energy as an input (fuel) of economic activities" like most of the Persian Gulf countries, "energy as a raw material and value chain feed" like the countries of China and Singapore, "Energy as a driver of industry" like Germany, "Energy as a provider of foreign exchange income" like Norway and "Energy as a tool of diplomacy and international security". If the oil and gas value chain is made up of four links "exploration and production," "refining," "petrochemical" and "petrochemical downstream industries, including polymer industries and chemical industries" are formed, different countries have chosen their strategies according to their internal conditions and requirements.Natural resources and energy, especially oil and gas, have always been considered in the upstream documents, and emphasis has been placed on preventing and stopping the sale of crude oil and increasing the production of petroleum products, as well as thedevelopmentof downstream oil and gas industries. In addition to the constitution and the visionary document of 1404 as the basic documents of the country's progress in all fields, the general policies of the system in the fields and development programs related to oil and energy and their optimal management in the direction of progress has paid attention this issue. In this regard, in the document of the Iranian Islamic model of progress, it is emphasized that the realization of this important issue requires: 1. an integrated approach in the management and ownership of the refining and petrochemical industries, 2. the development of the oil and gas value chain by relying on advanced technologies.

Considering the evaluation of Iran's internal conditions and requirements and staying safe from the bad economic, social and political effects of selling crude oil and gas and paying attention to the geo-economic position of Iran's energy as well as the emphasis of the country's upstream documents, the approach of developing and completing the oil and gas value chain to the place of selling crude oil from the beginning to the end of the chain is a necessary, strategic and forward-looking approach for the governance of the country's energy economy, looking at global experiences, which by preventing the continuous reduction of crude oil and gas sales, it is possible to reach a correct definition of benefiting from oil resources in the governance of the country's economy. Therefore, it is necessary to look at and use the energy governance activity of the country as a relative advantage of Iran's economy in a coordinated and prioritized field. This is the same approach that is pointed out and prescribed in the Iranian Islamic model of progress in a conscious plan, and it is one of the effective ways for the country to achieve progress on the horizon of the document. Achieving this important while paying attention to Iran's geopolitical position requires choosing a unified approach in the management and ownership of the refining and petrochemical industry and turning to the construction of petrochemical refineries, which can lead to provide a continuous reduction in the sale of crude oil by relying on advanced technologies to upgrade and complete the value chain.

Energy security is an economic-political issue, so on the one hand, important parts of the economy talk about availability, scarcity, market performance and price formation, energy trade and economic development of countries, and On the other hand, energy security is determined by the geopolitical environment and international relations. This descriptive-analytical research seeks to evaluate the level of domestic energy availability, consumption levels and energy policies in an economic analysis and to prove with the relevant descriptions that the international economic order controls the energy market. This theoretical framework analyzes the interactions between economics and politics in the international system, and in particular between governments and markets. In order to explain, economic analysis, international political economy, and international relations will provide an ideal conceptual and theoretical basis for the subject under analysis. Was. For this reason, in order to explain the subject, questions are raised that the accuracy of their analysis can logically answer the impact and impressionability, the first question is how the economy affects political issues? And the second question in line with the first question is how the level of openness and integration in the international economy affects the national policies, interests and decisions of different actors?

Iran and its sub-region, namely the Persian Gulf, are geopolitically at the east-west crossroads and the intersection of Heartland and Rimland regions, and in the new geo-economics territories are also at the center of the energy strategy ellipse which is among the three areas of energy consumption centers, namely Europe, China and India. But despite having these resources and a superior position, the Iranian government in recent decades has not been able to use this privileged transit position for economic development and regional cooperation. Therefore, the present study aims to show how the geopolitical and geo-economics transit of oil and gas in the Persian Gulf can affect advancing regional policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Explaining the geopolitical and geo-economics position of energy transit in the Persian Gulf can be examined by the Hartland-Mackinder approach and the geo-economics perspective of Edward Luttwak. Edward Luttwack also believes that in the age of geo-economics, the means and causes of the conflicts of the present century (21st century) become economic in nature and economic tools replace military purposes. In this transition, energy is the most important element in the geo-economics competition, so that geostrategic domains are determined based on energy logic.

Examining the potential of Persian Gulf energy transit to consumption areas shows that in the Indian subcontinent, cooperation in the field of energy can create mutual benefits in other areas, including the expansion of the south-north corridor, the development of Chabahar, and transportation between the two sides. In the Central Asian region, the energy transit of landlocked countries through Iran creates a sense of commitment of these countries to Iran and, an atmosphere of cooperation in other areas including the development of the south-north corridor. Iran will also contribute to the country's energy security through the potential of the peace pipeline and the possibility of connecting it to China, as well as the ability to connect two important energy fields in the Persian Gulf and Central Asia and participate in strengthening Central Asian transmission lines of energy to China. Regarding Iran-Europe relations, in case of de-escalation of tensions and establishment of regular relations between the two sides, the ground for expansion of economic and political cooperation, including energy transit and regional security, should be provided.

Research findings show that the connection between the Persian Gulf energy transit corridors and the surrounding important consumer areas will link the fate of energy and economic security of these countries to the fate of Iran. This will create strategic partners in the field of energy transit, upgrade the regional position, increase the coefficient of economic development and consequently increase the level of national security of Iran

Geopolitical relations are relationships between states and countries based on geographical contexts. In fact, the difference between geopolitical relations and political relations is the geographical background of geopolitical relations. In geopolitical relations, contexts are relationships based on geographical components and contexts. The purpose of this study is to model the most important geopolitical contexts. The research method in this study is based on theoretical purpose and descriptive-analytical nature. The most important geopolitical contexts were identified based on the study of nineteen theories and approaches presented by theorists and scholars of political geography, geopolitics, political science, international relations, and the environment. Then, the most important contexts and areas of geopolitical relations are presented in five dimensions of "interaction, opposition, competition, influence and domination" and finally a model is proposed for the contexts and fields of geopolitical relations.IntroductionThe results show that the most important geopolitical contexts and fields include geo-cultural contexts (ethnic groups in neighboring countries, religious affiliation with peripheral countries, historical and civilization factor, ideological factor), contexts and fields of Geopolitics (territorial issues, geographic location, regional hegemony, security approach, geopolitical weight, alliances, regional geopolitical structure, geopolitical codes, neighborhoods and the number of neighbors), geo-economic contexts (Underground and fossil resources, international straits),fields and contexts of hydro-politics ( International rivers, common maritime boundaries and environmental factors).One of the most important issues in geopolitics is "geopolitical relations". A geopolitical relation is the study and analysis of the effects of geographical components on the relations between states and international relations. Geopolitical relations are relationships between states and countries based on geographical contexts. In fact, the difference between geopolitical relations and political relations is the geographical background of geopolitical relations. In geopolitical relations, contexts are relationships based on geographical components and contexts.In general, geopolitical relations are those that are established between states and governments and political actors based on a combination of factors of politics, power and geography. Therefore, in order to understand the specific phenomena that occur in geopolitical relations between countries, geographical factors need to be taken into account. Geography plays a pivotal role in geopolitical relations and provides the impetus for shaping the political will of the relationship as well as influencing the level of actor power (Hafez Nia, 2006, 362). On the other hand, dominant ways of behavior between states, because of various types of relationships, vary in the range of patterns including 'interaction', 'domination', 'influence' and 'competition' and 'confrontation'. Today, geopolitics, geopolitical relations and their analysis are mostly done at the transnational scale.Therefore, the study of the pattern of geopolitical relations on three international, regional and global scales can be discussed. But what matters most is the context and of geopolitical relations. In this research, the most important contexts of geopolitical relations are studied based on the study of theories and approaches and finally the contexts for the dimensions of geopolitical relations as well as the proposed model for the fields of geopolitical relations between countries are presented.MethodologyThis research seeks to theoretically explain the contexts and fields of geopolitical relations between countries. From Newman's point of view, by referring to more general ideas and abstract principles in terms of cause and effect, theoretical explanations describe why a particular event occurs.The purpose of this study is to model the most important geopolitical contexts. The research method in this study is based on theoretical purpose and descriptive-analytical nature.In terms of the purpose, this research is basic. In basic research, the purpose is to discover the facts and to understand the phenomena that lead to the increasing human knowledge. In this research, identifying the components and areas that influence its geopolitical relations is known as a basic research. The components and contexts were identified based on the review of nineteen theories and approaches presented by theorists and scholars of political geography, geopolitics, political science, international relations, and the environment. Research method was descriptive-analytic and the data were collected through library resources. The data were also analyzed qualitatively. Qualitative research is introspective, political, subjective - reflective - interpretive, theory generating and human-centered. The main objective of the study is to explore the conceptual factors (backgrounds and contexts) that influence the formation of geopolitical relationships.Results and discussion On one hand, some theories and approaches have emphasized on one component in geopolitical formation and relationships, such as Huntington's Clash of Civilizations , Geo-economy's (Edward Lutwac's) theory, Muhammad Khatami's Civilization's Dialogue, and the theory of Louise Richardson. Some theories and approaches included several components, such as: Mackinder's Heartland Theory, Spykman's Rimland Theory, ‎Alfred Thayer Mahan's Maritime Power, Wallerstein's World System Theory, " Theory of Power Systems (Brzezinski), Kaplan's theory of the Chaos of the Future, Peter Hagget's Theory, Thomas Homer Dixon's Theory, Regional Conflict Theory (Jeffrey Camp and David Harvey), Theory of Conflict (John Robert Prescott), and the Approach to Geopolitical Conflict (John Collins).The study of theories and approaches shows that each of the theories emphasizes on one or more of the geopolitical, geo-economic, hydro-politics, and geo-cultural components, and no theory encompasses all four components together.Relations between countries took different forms along the temporal dimensions and geographical characteristics of countries. The dimensions of geopolitical relations between countries vary in terms of interaction, competition, domination, influence and opposition.ConclusionThe results show that the most important geopolitical contexts and fields include geo-cultural contexts (ethnic groups in neighboring countries, religious affiliation with peripheral countries, historical and civilization factor, ideological factor), contexts and fields of Geopolitics (territorial issues, geographic location, regional hegemony, security approach, geopolitical weight, alliances, regional geopolitical structure, geopolitical codes, neighborhoods and the number of neighbors), geo-economic contexts (Underground and fossil resources, international straits),fields and contexts of hydro-politics ( International rivers, common maritime boundaries and environmental factors).

The Persian Gulf region is one of the strategic and important regions in the world which has always attracted the attention of regional and trans-regional powers. In the contemporary world, the Persian Gulf region and the countries of the Southwest Asia region have been among the most challenging and controversial regions in the world. This region has been the hotbed of geopolitical crises and the site of ideological conflicts and the active hotspot of political and regional crises. In addition to the domestic context, the presence and involvement of trans-regional and global powers in activating and intensifying these challenges and crises have played a very crucial role. Although the macro-structures of the global geopolitical system have overshadowed this space, the powers within the region (the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia) have played a leading role in shaping the geopolitical atmosphere of the current situation, which is based on ideological and geopolitical values. The current study seeks to examine the ideological and geopolitical implications of Iran and Saudi Arabia for the region and the need to adopt a geo-economic strategy to overcome intra-regional geopolitical challenges. The results show that the adoption of a geo-economic strategy by Iran and Saudi Arabia can pave the way for a dialogue of cooperation and convergence and pave the way for entering a new regional geopolitical system for regional development and regionalism.

Chabahar as a deep-sea port is located near the Oman Sea. Chabahar’s location is very important for many countries such as India. India and Iran in 2003 singed the “New Delhi Declaration”. The declaration was about a lot of issues like investment, South-North Corridor and trade. One of the most important issues in this declaration was India and Iran’s plan for developing the Chabahar port. But after two decades, the Chabahar agreement in 2016 was signed and ratified, though after two years the progress has been very slow. In short, despite Iran and India's willingness to develop the Chabahar port, their cooperation in this port has had its ups and downs and has not yet reached a definite end. With this introduction, the question is that, given the delay in the development of Chabahar port, what are the obstacles to cooperation between the two countries, and what are the goals of Iran and India for the development of the Chabahar port and whether the goals of the two countries are overlapped. So, the main question of the paper is that what are the main reasons for delaying India's investment project in Chabahar (from 2003 to 2019) and what is the prospect of cooperation between the two countries in Chabahar port?

By applying a conceptual as well as theoretical framework using the geopolitics and geo-economics literature, the research is mainly based on a descriptive-analytic method. The data gathering procedure is based on library findings and interviews.

From the geo-economic aspect, Iran and India have common goals. Both countries want to use Chabahar port as a commercial and transit hub. India seeks to facilitate its access to central Asia and Afghanistan’s markets and resources, and Iran has been trying to attract FDI and access to more markets. On the other hand, conflicting geopolitical goals seems to be a main hindrance for India and Iran’s cooperation in Chabahar port. Iran is trying to use the port as a tool to confront the US in the region. India as other partner wants to use the port against China and Pakistan. Iran does not want to strain its relation with China and Pakistan, and India has good relation with the US and two countries in some areas have strategic cooperation. From Iran’s aspect, it does not want to use its port against its real friends. For Iran, China and Pakistan are good friends in the South and East Asia and thus wants to develop its relationship with them. In this regard, we cannot see a tangible accomplishment in the near future for both countries in Chabahar port.

If India and Iran don’t change their view of Chabahar from a geopolitical to a geo-economical port, we possibly will not see any progress in their cooperation in Chabahar port in near future. They should use Chabahar as an economic tool to increase economic interactions in Central, South and West Asia. Iran needs to invite other states like South Korea and Japan to invest in the port. And at the end, Iran should increase economic choices for countries that participate in the port like India and Afghanistan

Spatial Planing is a set of coordinated and coherent knowledge, techniques, principles, policies, programs, actions and operations aimed at eliminating inequalities, organizing and regulating biological and geographical spaces and places. Is used. Kermanshah province has always had special problems due to its location in the western border areas of the country and its proximity to Iraq and its long and complex borders. The present research has been done by descriptive-analytical method and library-survey collection method with the aim of identifying effective geopolitical and geoeconomic criteria for the realization of Kermanshah provincechr('39')s beauty programs using one-sample t-test and linear regression statistical methods. The results of one-sample t-test in the section of geopolitical indicators showed that proximity to the unstable and critical political realm of Iraq with an average score of 3.48 and in the discussion of geoeconomic indicators lack of proper economic development with a score of / 92. 3 Experts have been most concerned about the feasibility of beauty programs. Also, the results of regression test showed that geopolitical criteria had a greater impact on the feasibility of land management in Kermanshah province. Also, the results of regression test showed that geopolitical criteria had a greater impact on the feasibility of land management in Kermanshah province.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, geopolitical relations centered on the geopolitical world scale, which means that the economic function of the places gives them geopolitical weight. Iran can use this capacity to organize. Regional and international institutions, particularly in the Indian Ocean region, thereby linking the interests of other countries with the Oman coast and, in addition to promoting its geopolitical status in the world and the region, by establishing a regional and global consensus, provide new opportunities for security And the Gulf of Chabahar, as the interconnecting space between the inner and outer space, can play a strategic role in the modern political economy of the international economy and the political economy of trade and transit of energy in the Indian Ocean region towards India and China plays a strategic role in shaping a regional cooperation organization.

The methodology governing the research is a mixed method. Through library studies and conducting exploratory interviews, the indicators have been considered and the questionnaire has been developed to verify the validity and reliability of the interviews.

The present study was conducted as a correlation research to explore the geopolitical influences of Chabahar Gulf on Indian Ocean developments, especially the rivalries between India and China. In the theoretical part of the research, the researcher examined and analyzed the various theories among political actors and selected the theories that could be used as the basis for the study and the conceptual framework of the research was based on it. Finally, a hybrid model was developed and It was used as a theoretical framework for research. Regarding the gender of the research method, first, a spectrum of elites and scholars in the Indian Ocean region was identified and conducted a deep and explicit interview. In the next step, after implementing and analyzing the results of the interviews, relevant indicators and concepts, the studied axis, the questionnaire was designed to assess the validity and reliability of the interviews. The questionnaires were compiled based on the indexes and distributed among the two spectrum of experts in the field of operations. Information collected through spss software was reviewed. After analyzing the findings of the analysis, it became clear that the Chabahar Gulf possesses the potential and actual capabilities that the powers of China and India can use in their power relations between competition and cooperation. In fact, the Chabahar Gulf is a coin that plays a role on the one hand of the coin (geospatial) and on the other, the competition and the conflict (geopolitics). Iran and other political actors, by adopting a geo-economic approach, will be able to forgive the developments in the Indian Ocean by sharing interests in the Chabahar Gulf. Therefore, two windows are open to Iran and other actors: the geopolitical window and the geo-spacTherefore, the Indian Ocean can be considered as a geopolitical region in which various local and global actors play a role in acquiring power resources, among which two main actors in this area are the cast of India and China, which are as active characters in the region And each attempt to turn to the hegemony of the Indian Ocean region dictates the requirements for the foreign policy instrument and the diplomacy of the two countries, India and China, which continues the geopolitical rivalry of both Indian and Chinese actors to adopt an effective and practical political and political strategy. In order to achieve its own benefits, it is unacceptable and deprived are off the opposite side. Therefore, politics and relations between powers and political actors have always been a rivalry and an endless struggle for gaining, preserving and upgrading power, because geographic spaces do not have the ability to meet all the needs of actors, and the principle of scarcity rests on such spatial domains And, accordingly, power is considered as the ultimate goal because of its fundamental role in providing other purposes. In other words, all human values and their realization depend on an element in the name of power, and this has dominated political life from the outset, because gaining power is equal to the survival, security and realization of the values that an actor seeks to bring to the cast India and China are no exception. But if we look out of the geo-economics window, we will encounter a geographic space in which actors with a positive perspective seek to gain in the shadow of collaboration with other actors; in other words, the logic of the non-zero algebraic summation is replaced by the logic of zero algebraic summation And actors will step in the direction of geopacific. So If you look at the geospatial and geospatial windows in the Indian Ocean, you will find a favorable atmosphere for the beginning of cooperation and convergence with the powers of China and India as well as other actors who can take this opportunity to increase their weight and improve their position in the first step and other Actors to use. In this regard, suggestions from research in three sections, economic, political and military-security, and three national, regional and international scales have been presented to enhance the role of the Chabahar Gulf in the Indian Ocean.

The result of the analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between the geopolitics of the Chabahar Gulf and the Indian Ocean and the Indian-Chinese rivalry in the alpha level of P = 0/00. As a result, there is a correlation between the two variables and it can be assured with 0.99% that each of the geopolitical capacities and capabilities of the Chabahar Gulf is properly used, the ratio of the Indian Ocean's ocean's role, especially the India-China rivalries, will increase. . It was inferred from the answers to the questionnaire that 82% of experts and experts believe that the geopolitics of the Chabahar Gulf has a great impact on Indian Ocean developments, especially between India and China.

At the beginning of the 21st century two factors, having resources and communication position, play a major role in shaping the geoeconomic and geostrategic areas. Any country that has either one or both in economic strategies, world powers will have a special place. The main purpose of this article is analyzing the geo-economic position of Iran in the economic strategies of world powers. The main question of the paper is that what is the role of the geo-economic powers of Iran in economic strategies? And how can Iran take advantage of its geo-economic role? The hypothesis that we seek to answer the above question is that Iran has both hydrocarbon resources and communications status is a country with a geoeconomic position and this has shown itself in the strategies of economic powers. The methodology of this paper is descriptive-analytical using library resources and scientific and research articles, the research hypothesis will be analyzed and analyzed. The results of the paper show that Iran is playing a strategic role in the geoeconomic equation of the region and the world because of its communications position and its hydrocarbon resources.

The movement during the years 1991 before soviet union that land the independence central Asian republic (CIS) it is very important for the Islamic republic of Iran because of we close more to these countries in geopolitical section . the argument of Caspian sea regime and the effect of this sea about the people that live in literal state (five state).it is necessary that the five countries to cooperate with each other . Islamic republic of Iran in geo-economics , geo-culture and other factors as exporting petrol and gas of the central Asia through Iran to the European countries this kind of cooperating cause that to prevent from the influence America and Western countries and also for preventing drug traffickers and delivering criminal persons in the both side of the borders . And also respecting to the national value , and traveling responsible person in being level to countries and also imperilment the political reaper sensitive and special attention to import and export goods for preparing our national benefit .and also it is very necessary for us to take very strong steps a lout short time and long time strategic for improve our national benefit , the Turkmenistan is just like a window for in trance to the central Asian countries to the free world and the warm water . finally the importance of these factors are very important for both side in the region and the world and the being success needs the effort for all this countries.

Introduction and Background: The collapse of the Soviet :::union::: and the formation of new republics have further enhanced the geo-economic position of Iran in the region and the world. The Republic of Kazakhstan is enclosed in the land, and it needs short and reliable communication routes to open water for supplying diverse demands and supplying its oil and gas to world markets. The geostrategic position of Iran in the heart of the Middle East region is a valuable but potential reality that can create diverse geopolitical and geopolitical capacities and, as a result, increase national income, development and even security for the country. But the causes and factors such as the vacuum of power resulting from the collapse of the Soviet :::union:::, regional geopolitical rivalry, the important position of Iran near the intersection of Asia and Europe, the existence of large reserves of energy in the region and the desire of Central Asian countries to the presence of foreign powers, The presence of major powers in Central Asia has created serious barriers to Iran's more effective presence in the region. Aims: This article seeks to answer the question of what role Kazakhstan can play in the presence of Iran in Central Asia. This applied research has been done by descriptive-analytical method and its data have been compiled by library method. By providing other statistics and other documents, Kazakhstan's geo-Kazakhstani weight in Central Asia and the role that can be played in facilitating penetration and presence Iran has estimated in the region. The result of the research shows that Kazakhstan plays a key role in geo-economic relations. Islamic Republic of Iran has Central Asia and can create the potential and potential for Iran to enter Central Asia.

Knowing Country and understanding the capacity of its perimeter and international environment are essential components of the economy That the foreign policy of any country should be on the basis of territorial and social. The country relies on its geopolitical foundations That the are influenced by its geographical location can affect codification foreign policy in the international economy. Hence, this paper with an analytical -discriptive method to survey the geopolitical and geographical foundations of Islamic Republic of Iran's economy. this paper show that Economy of Islamic Republic Iran away with its Geopolitical foundations and To achieve an effective economic on the closed surrounding and international environment, review in Geopolitical foundations of foreign policy that is mentioned in the form of five components are necessary and is inevitable. Hence, Islamic Republic of Iran To pursue the These foundations in foreign policy strategy Not only effects will be in terms of political and cultural on international environment but also in terms geo-economic impact on international political economy.

A major part of national strategy of the countries is contingent upon their geopolitical position. Each position can have its own geopolitical codes by which a country can take some measurements to make policies and also formulate the strategies. Considering these codes can determine the geopolitical weight of a country in its composite spatial-geographical structure and order and arrangements of geopolitical system underlying the world. Due to their geographical location, United State (USA) and Russia selected land strategy or sea strategy. The lack of consideration of the former Union of Soviet Social Republics (USSR) to geopolitical codes arising from the geographical location caused that during 1957-1979, this country besides bearing heavy costs to penetrate the sea borders was finally collapsed. Thus, considering the geographical position is of great importance in its appropriate formulating of the strategies. Iran is the only single wall country between land and sea powers and due to its geographical location in Rimland margin, it's been into the center of attention of political geography theorists; and in various periods had various roles as passage, borderline and penetration region. The southeast of Iran is one of the important geography locations in Iran as it linked Iran to geopolitical structures of some areas as Indian Ocean, southern and Southeast Asia and high sea. This coastal region is of great importance as it gives Iran the opportunity to select policy making in related sea and land strategic fields. The present study investigated geopolitical position of Iran namely in the southeast region and also it answered the following questions:1- What is the effect of Iran geopolitical position on national strategy of Iran?
2- What are the strategies of geopolitical codes of southeast region in Iran?
The main hypothesis of the study is mostly based on the fact that the taken strategy selected by Iran in south east region was not in accordance with the geopolitical and geo-economic potentials of the region and didn’t have the required effect in national power production of Iran. The present study determined the effect of geographical space and place in formulating strategy which is based on geopolitical views, and as the present study has got a subjective-objective design, the methodology of the study is based on Experientialism school and descriptive-analytic research method. It can be said that geopolitical codes of Iran due to the geographical position of south east of Iran at local, regional and global levels are as followings:•To be a passage way country at international level and linking geostrategic land and sea fields, eastern Asia and geopolitical structures of Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman and Indian ocean, Caspian sea, APEC and southwest of Asia to each other.
•The investment on navy and also being included in the position of powerful navy countries
•Taking marine strategy and associated economic policy making.
•Absorbing domestic and foreign investments to take out southeast region from geopolitical isolation and development of commercial-industrial free zone infrastructures of Chabahar to improve their geoeconomic position.
Geopolitical opportunities as were mentioned along the strategies based on above codes are including:1- Making Iran as powerful in the field of seafaring and sea and improving the navy power of the country.
2- Chabahar harbor is turned onto an important and international harbor to present various services to international countries in the form of using fuel, repair and maintenance, equipment and construction of different kinds of ships and creation of geopolitical dependency of the countries in the region to these services.
3- Coverage and providing the required system for sea transportation of other countries
4- Making north-south road as active
5- Improving the role of Iran in the regional convergence
6- Changing Iran to a stable passageway country
7- To have the strategic depth and increase the military power and control and supervision role of these coasts to Persian Gulf and also extend it to its opening.
8- The creation of the suitable path to transfer inter-continental energy to the market of south east of Asia and also the reduction of dependency on Persian Gulf.
9- The preparation of the ground to have an access to the countries that are surrounded in land to the high water
10- The construction of international airports for the aim of having access to the various countries
11- The development of Tourism industry
The results of the study showed that the associated authorities didn’t understand the importance of geopolitical codes of southeast of Iran. Maybe, one of the relevant reasons is the weakness of economic infrastructures in the region. It seems that five-year plans in Iran are not executed completely in this field. To avoid geopolitical challenge, Iran should consider south region potentials and capacities after finishing oil reservoir. South east of Iran can be turned into an effective national and regional land and by absorbing foreign investment can be improved to an economic and population developed region. The development of transportation system, advanced technology and economic centralization caused that the deserted areas of this region are also used efficiently. Iran should improve south-north path, south and east roads with the support of energy trading. These approaches in Iran national strategy cause that Iran can be turned into its real position as passageway region linking geostrategic and geopolitical regions and the result is the a move toward specialized convergence and stable development of Iran. Islamic Republic of Iran in its strategic policy making in upstream documents considered its geographical position and regional conditions and in the first stage of its strategy is attempted to achieve the first rank in various fields. What is considered as a weakness is that unfortunately this view is not considered in five-year plans and the geo-economics view to these regions is not considered.

The rapid changes in the international system (History Corner) in South West Asia has created opportunities and threats to the region with the growth of Islamic awakening. Hence “the system of domination” lead to proxy wars in the geographic area, in order to maintain its hegemony that have created regional competition grounds. This paper is to study Yemeni as special geopolitical position that has changed during recent years by emphasizing on its political structure, capacity, geopolitical, geo-economic and geo-culture aspects that played a major role in its transformation. By analyzing questionnaires, results show that potential geopolitical factors affecting Yemen in the field of regional and international, including, the geo-strategic position of the Strait of Bab el-Mandeb and the strength of the internal structure of Yemen's political and social system. We hope, Yemeni will be created the regional competitions based on its current position in the shadow of geo-culture, religious factors and human factors as its potentiality.

Iran's borders as the communication's bottleneck and by having extra geopolitical capacities of economic, security, access, international and regional communications has the functions for creating power in the country, in which the lack of development and existence of welfare gap between the border cities and the central ones , which has created a kind of border , has increased the necessity of territorial planning of these areas. In this regard, the aim of this study was to evaluate the factors effective on Geo-economics and geopolitical conditions in border areas of South-East of the country and their effects on Territorial development and Spatial Planning. The research method is descriptive- analytical method and the sample size is 85 experts and professionals people and sampling method is random and systematic , the indices for examination of geopolitical and Geo-economic factors of the province were 22 indicators of economical, social, political and cultural ones. Based on the findings of path analysis model, geo-economic variables with the value of 0.764 have the highest effect in reducing the regional dichotomy and decreasing the center/periphery gap, but the ethnic -cultural geopolitic's variables with value - 0.538 has had negative and decreasing effect on the province planning, which their greatest effect is through the direct effects. Meanwhile, the increase of ethnic tensions due to the incitement of extra regional powers and under the effect of proximity with the border leading to insecurity in the region and these factors destroy all the existing opportunities in the area in the field of economical development , and in the main body of this study, some strategies have been presented for optima territorial planning and development in the region.

New age is an economy-centered one, under political formation and with the goal ofeconomic dominance, and at the same time, Military ability to fulfill an operation, whileconsidering saving of vital influence of economy and special focus on energy, New age, thatis called area of "Geo economy" Thinking dominancy, is the result of deeper transformationsitself that is happening in "Geo polynomy", or the sphere of injuction. In this dissertation weexamine foreign policy of Iran with regard to today complicated world.

Borderline areas are very important and influential in the development of country and underdevelopment in these areas will be directly transferred to the whole country. Sistan-va Balushectan is a borderline area in Iran which lack an appropriate developmental status. In sum, major challenges facing Sistan-va Baluchestan includes:Geographical broadness with limited population (178431 km2 with a population of 1722579-Statistical center of Iran: 2006), long and insecure borders, natural obstacles like deserts, lack of natural blessings, geographic isolation, geomorphological factors, climatic situation and lack of oil and gas resources, settlement of Baluch tribes in both sides of the border, vicinity to Pakistan and Afghanistan, instability and weakness in providing complete political, administrational and economic sustainability which have resulted in lack of control on borderlines, political flow of Afghan refugees, vicinity to the largest drug producer and smuggler entering Iran through Sistan va Baluchestan borders, economic, cultural and social inequalities in this area as compared to central areas, poverty and deprivation which have resulted in a tendency toward smuggling. These challenges have resulted in numerous and various problems and issues which can threaten local, regional and even national development. If the present situation continuous, more severe difficulties can arouse. Therefore, the present article seeks to understand geopolitical features as an effective factor in underdevelopment of Sistan-va Baluchestan to gain a research-based perspective and create the foundations of sustainable development in the area.

Caspian Sea as the largest sea enclosed in the dry, with diverse ecosystem and substantial resources of oil and gas as well as strategic location and Geo economically, with the collapse of the Soviet Union in December 1991 by the Great Powers trans-regional, especially America and Europe Union on the one hand, and China, Turkey and Israel On the other hand, Was considered.Russia as the main successor of the Soviet Union collapsed and Iran, before the collapse of the USSR, as the only owner of the water Zones, Interests and goals have been followed in the Caspian region in modern conditions too. This presence and the new competition in region have created the complex and diverse field in the international relations that have been analyzed in this research.