جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « روش شناسی کیو » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

In recent months, the world community has faced a major crisis called the Corona virus epidemic, which has negatively affected all economic and social systems, including ecotourism. However, the coronavirus epidemic has provided lessons for the future of ecotourism that, given these experiences, can be a step towards the development of ecotourism. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the mental patterns of experts in the face of post-corona ecotourism using Q methodology. The statistical population of the present study includes the center of trade unions of tourist guides throughout the country. The discourse space of this research includes credible internal and external dissertations and articles that an unstructured Q sample has been used to avoid bias in the research. 60 members of the community were selected as tourism and ecotourism experts to create an unstructured Q sample. Cronbach's alpha test, KMO index and Bartlett test were used to evaluate the validity and reliability of the research method. In identifying the mental patterns of experts, heuristic factor analysis and correlation matrix were used and the principal components method was used for the final extraction of factors. Finally, eight factors with a total explained variance of 71.899% were identified.

Water scarcity affects the development of irrigation agricultural land and reduces agricultural products directly. In addition, it threatens the food security and income of the villagers. The present research was conducted on the typology of mental models of good operators for agricultural water management in South Khorasan province. The study deals with the subjective opinions of the participants based on Q methodology. It is applied in terms of goal and exploratory and mixed in terms of data collection method. The participants of the study consisted of 21 well operators selected by the targeted judgment method and snowball technique. According to the results obtained from the exploratory factor analysis, the perception of the participating well operators about sustainable groundwater management at the farm level was classified into four types including Equalist, Fatalist, Scientist, and Consumerist types. The levels of variance explained by each factor are 27.7%, 16.10%, 14.35%, and 13% respectively. Finally, the results showed that the most important factor in achieving a common perception of sustainable agricultural water resources management is considering conflict management and negotiation techniques among well operators.

Damavand city in the east of Tehran province, due to its special features, experiences changes in various aspects. One of these the most common of these changes is in the usage and the coverage of urban land. If these changes occur, regardless of their consequences, they will deplete the earth's resources. Therefore, being aware of the views of elite people in discussing the factors affecting land-use and land-cover changes in Damavand city is one of the important issues in planning and policymaking. In this paper, the applicability of Q-methodology is investigated to understand the causes of land-use and land-cover changes in Damavand. Q-methodology is a research method that is used to rank the factors using a Likert-like scale and check the correlation between the responses of different individuals. In this study, we intend to examine the features and stages of the Q-methodology to identify the factors influencing land-use and land-cover changes in Damavand City from the perspective of different informed individuals and groups. We also seek to answer this question: How can we move forward in presenting a strategic zoning model to optimize the usage of Damavand city space within the framework of extracted factors via Q-methodology?

In this research, the discourse space includes a valid thesis and all scientific research articles (with topics of land-use change discovery). To avoid bias, the unstructured Q-sample was used. Depending on the dimensions of the Q-factors or expressions, a spectral scaled diagram was designed. The participants were selected from the researchers who were informed about the subject. The KMO index (0.783 in the case) was used to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Q-method. The identified factors were interpreted based on the rotated factor matrix and the highest factor scores were calculated by the comparative analysis method. To identify participants' mental patterns, exploratory factor analysis was performed using a correlation matrix. The principal components method, which is the most common factor extraction method in Q-factor analysis, was applied.

According to the method used and the steps mentioned above, four factors were extracted with a 75.074% variance. To examine these factors carefully, ranking the factor arrays of the determinants of the land-use and land-cover changes were performed. Extracted factors include: A. Urbanization attractions and weaknesses of agricultural economy foundations in the area: People in this group believe that the low prices of agricultural products and the added value of changing land-use are two important measures in land-use and land-cover changes in the region. B. Management and planning factor: Members of the group believe that cross-sectoral urban policies, as well as lack of comprehensive management of natural resources, are among the most fundamental aspects of land-use and land-cover changes in Damavand. C. Physical-Environmental factor: People in this group believe that the physical-environmental factor is the main factor in the changes. In this regard, factors such as the physical and geographical potentials of the region and communication network system are the most important factors of the changes from the perspective of this group. D. Urban infrastructure availability factor: People in the group believe that the availability of urban infrastructure is the most important factor of the changes in land-use and land-cover.

The result of the discoveries indicates the need for effective planning to prevent damage to the urban environment. After analyzing the trend of land-use changes and the affecting factors in Damavand city, suggestions can be made to control the current trends. The results of the Q-methodology, the main factors, and comments on the proposed changes were used as a framework for presenting a strategic activity zoning model. Also, the proposed model was developed based on the standard land-use classification system with an emphasis on the activity dimension.

With regard to the role of children in agricultural activities, the current study aimed at analyzing the attitudes of experts towards the advantages and disadvantages of rural child labor in agricultural activities. The study was conducted by Q-methodology; The study population included the experts of Sayed Yaqub Health Center of Mahidasht County, Iran, and the staff of Charity Committee of Kermanshah County. Totally, 16 experts were selected by the purposeful sampling method. Results showed that the first group believed that children labor deprives the children from childhood activities. The other group believed that child labor lessens the focus of children in the class; on the other hand, strengthens the culture of the region. The third group believed that agricultural activities are among the factors that cause responsibility in children. The fourth group believed that child labor, due to the independence of children, causes joint diseases. The fifth group had a different viewpoint about child labor; they believed that child labor makes the child more agile from the physical point of view, but causes emotional depression. It can be said that the child labor phenomenon in rural areas is associated with the nature of pastoralism. Child labor contributes to economic affairs, households, and family by cultural truism rural residents. But in Iran can be the valve kind of transfer, age of onset, the quantity and quality of work and children's rights into action.

New policies for agricultural transition can only be effective if the policy is understood and adopted at the farm level. In countries such as Iran cultural factors embodied in identity can provide major obstacles to change because traditional and religious beliefs are important in everyday decision-making. Consequently the need to understand identity as a key factor is important in an Iranian context. self-beliefs about being a particular type of person, the roles that such a person should play and commitment to that particular identity play an important role in determining farmers’ behavioral choice – particularly when ‘new’ behaviours challenge existing beliefs about “good farming” as in the case of regime change. Understanding these ‘identities’ and the roles associated with them can help us both address the issue of heterogeneity within the farming communities and identify which behaviours are culturally important and therefore may require specific consideration in policy formulation to promote transition. To address this, the aim of this study is to employ q-methodology as a means of generating a typology of farmers with specific identities. This study will be based on existing data gathered in a study of farmers in Khuzestan province, in southern Iran. Based on the review of the agricultural literature, interviews with farmers and interviews with agricultural specialists, the study constructed a concourse with 120 statements. Then, based on ranking by experts, we selected 43 q-samples from this expert ranking. Fifty farmers were selected through purposeful sampling (good farmers introduced by local agricultural officers) as a P-set, completed the Q-sort procedure. Data analysis identified a number of heterogeneous farmer groups based on their identity.

Climate change and global warming are serious challenges in the 21st century with significant negative impacts on the agriculture. Farmers are important players if agriculture is to be adjusted to the changing climate conditions. Their perceptions about climate change directly affect their behavior toward this problem. Therefore, it is important to recognize and classify their perceptions to improve the rural development programs. We used the Q methodology to classify the farmer's perceptions toward climate change in Hamidiyeh County in Khuzestan Province, Iran. Q research initiates by recognizing a concourse, often shaped by dialogs with elite people. Then, a Q statement is nominated, which represents an individual's belief. In this study, by reviewing the literature and interviewing with 6 agricultural experts and farmers, 160 statements were identified. Then, by sorting them, we arrived at 42 final statements or Q-sample. This Q-sample was sorted by 46 farmers, selected through purposive sampling. To analyze the data, we used PQMethod 2014. The factor analysis of Q sorts revealed two discourses; support seekers and adaptable among the 27 vegetable growers; and two other discourses among 19 wheat farmers; fatalism passive-adherents and disappointment. Various individuals think differently about the causes, impacts, self-efficacy, responsibility, adaptation, and intention to mitigation of greenhouse gasses and climate change. Therefore, based on the perceptions, knowledge, and behavior of the individuals, policy makers can provide various recommendations to deal with climate change.

This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding about strategies and guidelines of rural tourism planning and management in Iran, then with the help of experts and their participation identify and classify the different perspectives in Iran rural tourism to finally putting forward a step beyond the current impressions and perceptions. In the past few decades, rural tourism has been developed as one of the most prominent industries for diversification and reconstructing rural economy and hence stimulated the attention of scholars and rural development planners. In Iran, from the early years of the twenty-first century rural tourism phenomenon has been entered in scientific/academic literature, especially in Geographical studies. However, until now it has not been considered as a strategy for rural economic development at administrative and executive levels of rural development. This research was conducted on the development of Q-methodology. First, based on the previous research findings on rural tourism in Iran and the analysis of the available discursive atmosphere, it provides a comprehensive understanding about strategies and guidelines of rural tourism planning and management, and then, drawing on the contribution of experts, different perspectives were identified and classified. Research findings, based on Q factor analysis represent three perspectives in planning and managing of rural tourism development in Iran.The first viewpoint is Institutionalism, holistic, integrated approach, participation-oriented, and community – based, and has a high emphasis on planning of rural tourism development. The second viewpoint is environmentalist-conservationist and integrated-approach, and greater emphasis on the management of various aspects of rural tourism. The third viewpoint is participation-oriented, Supportive- facilitative, conservationist, also places emphasis on the land use planning, and managing rural tourism with respect to rural land conservation against inappropriate changes. Research limitation: Attracting the actual participation of Iranian specialists to participate in Q- methodology is time consuming and difficult. Original/value: After, more than a decade of experience of rural tourism studies in Iranian academic literature, the present research helps to explore thinking patterns in the field of rural tourism planning and management in Iran. Accordingly, we can provide a framework to support an integrated approach of rural tourism development.