جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « سکونتگاه » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

In recent decades, along with the uncontrolled development of urbanization and the decline in the quality of residential environments, finding a solution to find an effective solution to improve environmental quality has become one of the most important concerns of managers and urban planners.

To improve the environmental quality in neighborhoods with unconventional housing and identify the factors affecting the satisfaction of residents.

The present study is descriptive-analytical in terms of applied nature and method. The statistical sample size was determined to be 376 people using Cochran's formula and simple random sampling method. The data obtained from the questionnaires were evaluated using exploratory factor analysis and linear multivariate regression. After extracting the criteria, a one-sample t-test was used to measure the environmental quality of the neighborhood and the level of citizens' satisfaction.

Studied Areas: 

Dense Bisim neighborhood in the northeast of Zanjan with an area of ​​approximately 82 hectares of rural areas without a core is the target neighborhood of the study.

Regression test on "physical", "social", "functional", "perceptual" and "managerial" factors shows that there is a linear relationship between the main components (independent variables) and neighborhood quality (dependent variable). Is established. Also, due to the high factor load of the "physical" component, the variables of this factor are more correlated with the environmental quality of the Bisim neighborhood and the existence of a significant relationship between environmental quality factors and residents' satisfaction is confirmed. Finally, after the component of space and permeability organization, which is in the first rank of residents' preferences for improving the quality of the neighborhood; the variables of "managerial" factor such as: "control and supervision", "management and maintenance", "providing visual and environmental comfort" are in the next priorities. Among the "perceptual", "social" and "functional" factors, the components of "safety and security", "social interactions", "compatibility and homogeneity" and "accessibility" have been emphasized by the residents in relation to other components.

The results of the study of effective factors in environmental quality index show that improving the quality of Bisim neighborhood requires simultaneous attention to all factors involved in environmental quality and quality of life depends on equitable distribution of services and urban facilities and increase their life satisfaction.

Intruduction:

The emergence of metropolitan areas is one of the most important phenomena of 20th century. This phenomenon happened primarily as a result of concentration of wealth in the most important cities of the world and then decentralization of population and activities in bigger areas along with political, social, economic and industrial processes. Nowadays the metropolitan regions face different challenges including: population distribution and activities in the region, lack of territorial balance, the process of physical growth of cities, the distribution of facilities among residents and etc. All of these have created problems for the municipal management of the city.

The present study, with its brief view on regionalist thoughts, tries to analyze the process of growth and distribution of population in the metropolitan region of Tabriz. The method of present research has been descriptive (library) -analytical so as to answer the main question of the research : “ How has the interaction of population of Tabriz with surrounding urban points been ?” by collecting data based on documentary and library method and using approved plans and existing statistics and reports .

The present article tries to present solutions for improving the territorial planning and appropriate distribution of population in the metropolitan region of Tabriz. The results reveal that the rapid growth of urbanization in Tabriz has led to deep distance between population of this city and the surrounding cities.

In the past few decades in so far as the blueprint of distribution of population in the aforementioned region has been unplanned and it has not followed an appropriate order in proportion to the potentials and capacities and this has caused the management of Tabriz and the metropolitan region many problems. If this continues, this area will face even more problems.

Understanding and analyzing the Space Syntax Logic of the spatial arrangement of settlements is effective in creating and developing population centers. The Space Syntax cities in the coastal plains has a special logic and follows special rules, the recognition of them requires familiarity with the memory of the historical development of coastal plains and factors that in some parts of it have created a spatial identity and attractiveness for the initial bed and the crystallization of the center of urban civilization.

In this study, relying on the theory of the Space Syntax and phenomenological approach and with the aim of territorial perception, we have recognized the processes of spatial identity in the plains of the northern coast of Iran.

Syntax analysis of settlements has been considered by looking at geomorphic components such as lake terraces, equilibrium ice – water line, equilibrium water, ice line, meander and drainage network pattern and Using descriptive-analytical method and using GIS, we have studied and analyzed the Space Syntax pattern of settlements and the configuration of space.

The results of this study show that:- Syntax Logic Marine painting settlements of the northern coasts of Iran are different from marine paintings of the southern coasts of Iran. Urban settlements in the marine image follow the Frequency-Magnitude rule of water level lines. Urban settlements in the marine image of the southern coasts do not follow the law of bifurcation. Urban settlements are not located in the mountain landscape and villages have taken their identity from the equilibrium ice-water line and permanent snow.

Problem definition:

 Geomorphic phenomena have a primary impact on the locations, dispersions, spheres of influence, physical developments, and morphologies of settlements. In other words, geomorphic units and topographic elements are very important in physical development of settlemenets and play a significant role in the spatial distribution patterns of cities, as well as influencing the morphologies, constructions, and textures of them. Accordingly, location, orientation of mountains, and the type of landform have an undeniable role in issues such as urban construction and urban population movement. Nowadays, the increase in human population has created an increasing need to land occupation around residential areas; this is closely related to the geomorphic indicators of each area. Then, if the process of creating new settlements is formed with no proportion to natural capacities and facilities, it will create adverse effects and results in the physical-biological problems of cities, such as natural hazards, which cause disturbing the balance of the environment and disrupting services. Evidence of hazards in recent years show that most developing countries, especially in their rural areas, have high-risk physical structures that are often vulnerable to hazards. Therefore, based on various studies, there is a close relationship between geomorphological components and human settlements. These components have sometimes caused the growths and developments or emergence and expansions of settlement centers, which have sometimes appeared to be dangerous and repulsive. Therefore, recognizing the natural environment characteristics and the features and capabilities of landforms is important and necessary for identifying suitable and sustainable points for the creation and development of human settlements.

 The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the roles of geomorphic features and components in the formations, developments, evolution, and patterns of settlements around Shirkuh Mountain in the arid and warm region of Central Iran.

 To do this research, topographic and geological maps, Google Earth images, and, most importantly, field studies and observations were used. This study was based on descriptive phenomenological method. Accordingly, geomorphological factors, including altitude, direction, and lithology, geomorphic features, including fluvial landforms, such as alluvial plains, alluvial fans, plains, lake and river terraces, and glacial landforms like cirques, valleys, and glacial terraces were surveyed and analyzed. Then the role of each factor in the creation, development, and transformation of the settlements was studied and evaluated.

 The results showed a different settlement pattern on the northern and southern slopes, as well as the western and eastern slopes of Shirkouh. Most of the settlements of the southern slopes were located at high altitudes between 2450-2550 m along the ice-water equilibrium line. However, the settlement range elevation on the northern slopes varied between 1700 and 1650 m, while fluvial landforms, such as river terraces, alluvial fans, and pediments, had not played a role in the formations of these settlements even with relatively good water resources unlike most other parts of Iran and the world. The settlement on glacial landforms at altitudes above 2000 m probably dated back to very dry and hot periods and the settlement on the edge of the current playa depression referred to the Late Quaternary cold periods. The formations and developments of settlements in the two completely different environments and climatic conditions, namely the high altitudes and the margins of the downstream depressions, indicated a climate change and consequently vertical displacements of the settlements along the Holocene. The results also revealed that other factors, such as geographical direction, altitude, slope, and lithology, had played an effective role in the densities and developments of these settlements.

Innovation:

 This study showed that the alluvial fans had never been used to build a settlement anywhere in the study area until the last 3 decades due to heavy rainfall and heavy flooding. Although according to previous studied, most of the settlements in Iran, whether urban or rural settlements, especially in the central and eastern parts, have been located on alluvial fans, even the prehistoric settlements. Also, this study showed that glacial landforms located at the high altitudes had been the most desirable place for the creation and transformation of settlements due to specific climatic reasons.

The importance of the coastal spatial identity has not only clarified the dynamics of the economic and communication role of the coasts, which also defines new ideas in the structure of future cities. Modeling the spatial syntax of the coastal areas of southern Iran promises an emerging social configuration that will have a different spatial identity from other configurations. This social configuration is nature-based and eco-based and has international role. In this research, modeling and discovering the spatial syntax relationships of such a configuration, relying on environmental rules and phenomenological perspective, are developed and discussed. Therefore, the new settlement named here as a marine garden city, is the result of such assessment. Spatial syntax analysis has been conceptualized, formulated and modeled by looking at the geodemographic space of the mangrove marine ecosystem on the northern shores of the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman at the levels of spatial syntax, array and layers, and explained at three levels: conceptual, mathematical and graphical. Spatio-graphs with fractal and non-fractal structures is used to index the depth and degree of relationship between spatial components and in the syntax of spatial patterns, compression, distance, scattering and distribution arrays are considered and Conceptual models have become experimental models using quantitative and mathematical data.The results of this study show:Analysis and perception of the geodemographic space can be effective in the fundamental land-use, identity and discovering the existing relationships between the configurations and their development.

The 21th century has been confronted with wonderful changes in the dimensions of technology, social, economic, and political, perhaps no organization and settlement be safe from their changes and events. In recent decades, strategic management is one of the important organizational and institutional issues that has attracted researchers and experts. In addition, this strategic management has expressed among many new theories and approaches in developed countries and, consequently in all over the world including Iran, which in turn created a lot of new theoretical and practical challenges. This research has been tried by using a descriptive method, discourse analysis, and critique of the framework, that propose strategic management as new management in the service description of spatial planning. Therefore, in the first step, examined the constituent parts of the management spatial planning in the description of the services and then described planning and strategic management and strategic management process as the integrated and practical and at the end, presented suggestions for achieving strategic management in the description of the services of spatial planning with the achieve of integrated management, in the service description of the spatial planning, we will see the operational of the spatial planning oriented programs in the territory of Iran.

Developing countries are always confronting with natural disaster as a one of the most major challenges, which cause the local economy of the spoiled region irreversible damages and neutralize the effects of the development's achievements. It is crucial to pay more attention to the rural areas not only due to being in the center zone of the catastrophe but also involving the large percentage of the nation and the lack of facilities that can cause the countryside a vulnerable are .The land use, communication, infrastructural installations and equipment and public welfare, etcetera can be considered by planning of the rural development process as the factors of the physical-based planning, although all these indicators are affected by the economic dimensions of the village. The purpose of this study is to identify the economic problems of the villages of Sorena district in the first stage and then to investigate its relationship with economic resilience. This research method was a combinational one and subsequently phenomenological method was utilized to detect the economic troubles and Pearson correlation coefficient was partially used .The results determined that the economic problems of the villages of the Sorena district are the lack of job security, the lack of diversity in the entrepreneurship, the corruption of the financial and monetary policy, the lack of proper facilities and infrastructure and these problems have a significant relationship with the economic resilience.

Considering topographic limitations of Sanandaj, the trend of spreading residential areas to hazardous areas has increased in recent years. In this regard, in the present study, the trend of the expansion of residential areas in the urban area of Sanandaj in the years 1991 to 2015 has been evaluated. The methodology is in such a way that after preparing satellite images (Landsat 5, 7, and 8) of 1991, 2000, 2007, and 2015 and preprocessing the images, land-use classification map have been prepared in four classes of residential areas, agricultural lands, gardens and rangelands for each of these years. Then, the analysis of the changes has been performed in each of the uses over the years. For this purpose, the Land Change Modeler model has been used. The results of the research indicate that each year about 1/1 km2 is added to the residential areas of the Sanandaj urban area, so that in 1991 the total urban area of Sanandaj city was 27.2 km2, while in 2015 this figure reached 54.5 km2. Then, the layer of prohibited areas in terms of geomorphologic parameters has been prepared in the ArcGIS environment. After preparing the layer of prohibited areas (Height above 2000 m, northern aspects, slopes above 30%, 1000 m of the fault zone and 200 m to riparian zone), the expansion of residential areas in the years 1991, 2000, 2007, and 2015 in prohibited areas has been evaluated. The results of the calculations indicate that, in 1991, about 7.8 km of residential areas were located in prohibited areas, which increased by 14.8 km2 in 2015. These areas are mainly located in the western part of the Sanandaj city located at Abidar highlands and in the steep areas, as well as in the eastern part of the Sanandaj area located on the riverside.

the establishment and emergence of a city, more than anything else, principally depends on the natural environment and geographical location because the natural effects and phenomena have strong effect in localization, distribution, influence, physical and morphological development of urban areas. Most natural phenomena are plateaus, mountains, craters, valleys, plains and beaches, alluvial fans, slopes, rivers, seas, lakes, etc. (Zomorrodian, 8: 1995). Therefore, one of the most important studies in basic planning of settlements is identifying geomorphological phenomena and displaying them on a map of the same title (geomorphology). In fact, geomorphic and topographic features of a geographic place are not only effective in the dispersion or concentration of human activities, but also, eventually, it is one the factors influencing the shape and physical appearance spatial structures. (Ramesht, 102: 2005)
the purpose of preparing geomorphologic maps is recording information about the forms of surface, materials (soils and rocks), surface processes, and, in some cases, the age of land on these maps. The most successful approach to prepare such maps is the combination of field studies with the aerial photographs (Hosseinzadeh, 37: 2007). The first geomorphologic map of Iran, in a scale of 1:2500000, is among a set of maps of the near East in the University of Tubingen in Germany in 1990, which was produced and released by Servati, in collaboration with Bausch and Grounret; of course, some maps have been prepared by some colleagues of Tehran University, with the scale of 1:250000 and 1:50000. (JamshidJedariEivazi, FarajollahMahmoudi). The point which must be mentioned in this section is that this is the first large-scale geomorphologic map (1:25000) prepared in the vast eastern part of Guilan province (sarvar, 2002: 1-79). This article is part of a research project conducted by the author in the West of Gilan. (Shahmari, 2002: 1-45)
this study is a descriptive-analytical study which, based on the purpose, can be functional. Overall, the research process is as follows: the readiness and interest, experience and knowledge about the area, collecting large-scale topographic maps (1:25000) as the base maps, field visits and the observation of objects and phenomena on earth, drawing and producing primary map of land forms, geology and slope maps, analyzing data, aerial and satellite image analysis, and, finally, the analysis of results and producing the final geomorphologic map.
The study area is in the West of Guilan province and starts from the zero point of the border between Iran and Azerbaijan (the town of Astara) and includes the southern parts of Astara city, Talesh, Rezvanshahr, and Masal. It is located between ˝00 ´15 °37 to ˝00 ´27 °38 north latitude of the equator and ˝00 ´35 °48 to ˝00 ´14 °49 east longitude (topographic map 1:25000) and has 6/3839 square kilometers. The area under study is composed of two distinct morphology sections including:Mountainous Areas: an average altitude of 1500 meters above sea level, steep slopes, deep valleys and different streams on the slopes, existence of fault cliffs across the highlands of Talesh and other issues can be some of the restrictive geomorphologic factors in the development of settlements in the area of the study. Geomorphologic map of the mountainous area shows that the distribution of settlements of Aq Masjid (White Mosque), BaskemChal, Chamlar, Haji Amir, Vonabin, Heiran, Degarmankshi, Damiroughlikesh, Giladeh, Mashand, Dash Dibi, Baharestan, Latoun is influenced by the geomorphology (shape of the land). The things which are clearly visible in most areas are lack of flat land for the development and expansion of settlements.
Foothill Areas: have lower elevation than the surrounding mountainous areas, but, compared to the plain areas, have higher elevation and include from 100 to 500 meters, and, with a relatively gentle slope, extend a distance from mountains and connect to the plain. The main geomorphic elements of foothills region can be alluvial fan, concave and convex slopes, valleys and streams, cliffs, and the water path. Physical expansion of settlements usually encounters an obstacle while developing from one side. In the top of plains, the existence of mountain, high steep, rocks and boulder debris, and, overall, sediments are the major obstacles for spatial development.
The diversity of natural features and geographical positions has caused the heterogeneity and inconsistency in the creation, distribution, and density of urban and rural settlements in the study area so that, at the first glance, it is likely that the number of settlements in the East (toward the sea) region to the West (toward the mountains) is more; but studying the topographic maps of 1:25000, and analyzing the statistical data of the number of villages at different levels (Organization of Management and Planning, 2005, 37) suggests that, according to the increase in the height from the East to the West, the number of urban and rural settlements will increase in a way that, from among the total villages of 692 in the study area, 179 villages are on the shore (height of below zero meters), 115 villages in the plains (height of zero to 100 meters ); the total number of 294 villages which compose 48/42 per cent of the villages in the East of study area, and the rest of the 398 villages are in the West of study area from among which 109 villages are in the foothills (100-500), 294 villages in the mountain (above 500 maters), which, in sum, include 57.51 % of the whole villages in the west of Guilan province;in other words, the number of villages in the foothills and the mountains (toward the West) is more than the coast and the plains (toward the East) in a way that, from among the total number of 692 villages, 57.51 %, approximately 398 villages, are in areas of the foothills and mountains. Yet, despite a long record of residential issues in elevations (foothills and mountains), compared to the coastal areas and plains, due to the conditions of using this section, the number of population and density are high and the number and density of the population decreases from ....

The aim of this research is the study of development extends of rural resident in Taleghan region of Savojbolagh County. The numbers of residents were 81. The TOPOSIS method was used for country residency ranking. Results showed that based on calculated * i C that the lowest *i C was 0.10 for Parkeh and the highest * i C was 0.88 for Taleghan city. The * i C average was 0.16. The range of developed level of rural and 68 residencies were undeveloped. Analysis of variance showed there is significant difference between the * i C averages of development levels.

When the evolution of the spatial organization of settlements and the factors that influence internal and external forces and processes interact with each other in terms of time and space requirements, performance of the system and there is some confusion, leading to instability in rural settlements. Settlement system to intervene in such circumstances it is essential to sustain and optimize. The purpose of this paper is a comprehensive approach to the stability and the factors affecting rural settlements 75 Firoozabad the survey (1370 to 1390) to determine. The population of this study includes 369 villages has Firoozabad city. Effort to determine the number of sample villages on the basis of population growth the two groups have positive growth (47 %) and negative growth (53 percent) as the basis for sustainable and instability based on a sample size of 75 villages is chosen Cochran. Data were collected through questionnaires and field studies with a total of 381 cases and weighted indices and spatial analysis was conducted using SPSS and GIS. Results indicate that the environmental index by 44 percent has the greatest impact on rural settlement Firoozaba so that the change of a single. 804 Would affect the stability of a standard deviation. The results show that Reduce the share of annual water resources and environmental aspects of water quantity in most of the rest so these two indicators of environmental change, explaining about 34 % of Between the two also share the loss with 43 percent of the annual water.The spatial analysis shows that the villages were more unstable the sidelines are being plain.

The relations between both rural and urban settlements in the township of Firuzkooh are established based on population flows. These relations have led to the development of some structural networks and a settlement network pattern at the local and regional levels. This study already provides a key question on the features of this pattern.

Data concerning this study have been derived from enquiries of 25 model villages and 436 operational model families of Firuzkooh Township which are selected based on Chocran and by considering far and near distances of the villages compared to Firuzkooh town.

It contains the size of networks, density and internal / external degree of network, flow intensity or internal degree of the whole communities enjoyable by each village as the key standards of network and varieties of centralities with commanding standards of a settlement network. Based on findings, the metropolis Tehran, qualified as a degree centrality, eigenvector centrality and betweenness centrality are known as key settlement as far as the network structure of Firuzkooh Township is concerned. Again, Mehdishahr, Karkebeneh, Mahmiodabad, Najafdar and Fereydounkenaar qualified as farthermost centralities, were identified as the poorest settlements in this network.

Based on study finding, the general pattern governing the settlement network in Firuzkooh, is a seasonal pattern of population flows in the forms of regular and cyclic one also in the forms of summer and winter network pattern at local and regional levels. This pattern is in line with the characters of views expressed on growth pole. However, it runs away from network views patterns. Multiple and directional linkages belonging to rural and urban settlements are owned by settlement network characters of our area under study.

The environment is the only existing domain and realm for accomplishment of development objectives. In fact, without such a bed, development would be a useless and meaningless issue. If sustained development is being considered as our ultimate goal and the environmental stability is the essential condition for accomplishment of sustained development, in this case, we require a method and instrument to be able to measure the movement to ward the environmental stability. Iran's Sistan area, for its special Geoographical situation is under the affection of various factors in appearance and intensification of environmental instability of villages.This research has been performed through surveying method (Form autumn 2007 up to summer 2008) in 101 villages out of 808 villages of the area and it is tried to, while presenting the appropriate environmental indices with the instability conditions of Sistan’s villages, the intensity of environmental instability of under studied villages to be illustrated by multi criteria evaluation model in geographical information system. The obtained results prove that at the present, the environmental instability in 18.8 percent of the villages is low or medium and in 81.2 percent, it is high or great.