جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « شهر اراک » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

 This research attempts to rank the 22 districts of Arak based on quantitative and qualitative housing indicators and to identify the spatial distribution pattern of these indicators at the city level.

 Subsequently, using Shannon's Entropy for weighting and multi-criteria decision-making methods, including Saw, Moora, and Copras, we evaluated and weighted 31 quantitative and qualitative indices at the regional level of Arak City. The final ranking of these indices was accomplished through the Copland aggregation method. The conclusive map was generated by invoking data in Arc-GIS software. Additionally, the global Moran's model was employed to identify the spatial pattern of quantitative and qualitative housing indicators.

 The findings reveal a "random" distribution pattern of quantitative and qualitative housing indicators in Arak City, indicating the influence of multiple factors on this randomness. Deteriorated areas (Regions 15 and 18), informal settlements (Regions 1 and 22), and the city center (Regions 6 and 18) are identified as the primary factors contributing to this random spatial pattern, consequently affecting the absence of quantitative and qualitative housing indicators in certain regions. In contrast, well-planned areas like Regions 3, 5, 18, 20, 10, and 7 exhibit a favorable status regarding the possession of these indicators.

 The study's outcomes reveal that the primary contributors to spatial inequality in possessing quantitative and qualitative housing indicators across Arak City's regions are deteriorated urban texture, informal settlements, urban decay, high population density, and land scarcity in central areas. 

Innovation:

 An innovative and practical dimension of this research involves using expert groups for indicator monitoring and applying the Copland aggregation model in the research process. This study could mitigate the gap in housing research within the domain of Arak.

Today, computer games have become one of the most demanded products in the world, to the point where they have surpassed the cinema industry in terms of revenue, and they are evolving and improving every year. Today, the new type of these games as Android games that can be installed on smart phones have become very popular. On the other hand, because of the effect these games have on people, they have become a tool to achieve the goals of some countries and even market them for a certain group, stratum, or country. Therefore, in this research, the purpose of which is the structural modeling of the evaluation of the effects of Android games on the social resilience of teenagers and young people in Arak city, and it has a practical nature, with the analytical-descriptive method and the questionnaire tool, the researcher investigated the effect of Android games on social resilience. We examined the youth of Arak city with emphasis on indicators such as anti-Islamism, laws, social welfare, culture, and experience. The sample size of the research was 190 questionnaires and it was used for scientific inferences, modeling and structural equations. The result of the research indicates that the culture factor has the highest factor load with a weight of 0.96 and has a higher position than the rest of the indicators. After that, the factor of laws has been ranked with a factor load of 0.94, the factor of anti-Islamism and experience with a factor load of 0.84 were ranked third, the fourth rank was taken by social welfare with a factor load of 0.80, and finally Resilience with a factor load of 0.80 is ranked last. Finally, in the resiliency factor, two items obtained the highest rank, which include the reduction of social skills of teenagers and young people and the lack of interaction in society, as well as the isolation of teenagers and young people, which had the highest factor load with 0.82. This shows the confirmation of the research hypothesis. 

Cities have suffered many damages and natural disasters throughout history, and this indicates that they are very vulnerable. Therefore, in dealing with and reducing the effects of these disasters, they should be designed in such a way that the least amount of damage is seen. In recent years, with the increase in the population of cities, social risks such as delinquency, crime, crime, etc., such as natural disasters, threaten the community of cities, and creating resilient and resistant cities against social crises is a very important issue in urban planning and urban design. are considered important. The expansion of raiyat games, which are designed based on the think tanks of powerful countries, have an impact on the lives of people, especially teenagers and young adults. Because their creators try to act in the design of these games in such a way that by using different arts and attracting more audience, teenagers and young people will gradually lead towards their goals by immersing themselves in the game. This issue worries families and makes their responsibility in raising children heavier. Considering the effects of these games on teenagers and young people, as well as the wide-ranging effects on their lives and future, the negative effects of these games on social resilience and the impact on urban resilience were analyzed and identified, and suggestions were made to resolve them.

The current research method is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of purpose. In this research, the information was collected through the library method and online questionnaire and published on social networks or sending links randomly. Considering that the city of Arak has a population of 520,944 according to the 2015 census, the statistical population includes all fathers and mothers with teenage and young children, who of course live in the city of Arak, who after completing the questionnaire and according to the variance From the initial sample, the sample size was calculated to be 190 people. In order to explain and model the effects, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used in Amos software. Cronbach's alpha test was used to measure the reliability of the research tool, which was taken separately for each of the main indicators.

The findings of structural equation modeling indicate that among the indicators of Android games, which one is more important and has more obvious effects than the rest of the specified parameters. We can see that in the structural model of research, Android games as an independent variable have an effect on urban resilience as a dependent variable. The second-order model of Android games consists of 6 indicators and main dimensions and 32 items and sub-sets, which were removed in the modification of the model and included 30 sub-sets and items. The findings of the second-order factor model show that the culture factor is the most It has assigned a factor load with a weight of 0.96 and has a higher position than the rest of the indicators. After that, the factor of laws has been ranked with a factor load of 0.94, the factor of anti-Islamism and experience with a factor load of 0.84 were placed in the third place, the fourth place was occupied by social welfare with a factor load of 0.80 and finally Resilience with a factor load of 0.80 is ranked last. It has also been determined that among the factor variables of culture, the influence of western lifestyle on teenagers and young people has the highest factor load with 0.85. Among the culture variables, obtaining information and spying on people in these games has the highest factor load with 0.83. Among the variables of the anti-Islam index, harming religious values in these games with a factor load of 0.94 had the highest factor load. He got the rank. In the factor of social well-being, the distance and alienation of teenagers and young people from the society as a result of Android games had the largest and highest rank with a factor load of 0.91. And finally, in the factor of resilience, two items obtained the highest order, which include the reduction of social skills of teenagers and young people and lack of interaction in society, as well as the isolation of teenagers and young people, which has the highest factor load with 0.82. They said that this shows the confirmation of the research hypothesis.

The results show that Android games have had a great impact on the social resilience of teenagers and young people in Arak city. In this research, six indicators were examined, and the results show that all of them have a direct relationship with Android games and this game has a great influence on them. The culture index, which is of great importance in this research and was the most effective index of this research, shows that these games are a way for the western and colonial countries to reach their goals and convey their message to the generation that will take over the administration of the country in the future. With ways such as negation of the native values of the destination countries, such as promoting the western lifestyle, increasing deceptive behaviors, they cause change and transformation in the culture of those countries. The next indicator which is very important is the rules, it was found that the lack of family rules in these games causes disorder and also the high use of teenagers and young people, and surely the increase of the game causes a new culture and the negation of the country's laws by the individual and the normalization of destruction and rape. And it negates the laws of society. Another important indicator of anti-Islamism is that the enmity with Islam in these games is high according to most of the respondents, and therefore some of these games aim to destroy the image of Islam and bring the creators to this goal. At the same time, in terms of importance in this research, the experience is an indicator that it was found that these games, by involving the minds of teenagers and young people and immersing them in the game, go to the point where teenagers and young people try to play like heroes. And these apparently safe games are somehow considered risky. And at the end of the social index, according to the results, we can see that these games fill people's free time, and with the motivation of being like the heroes of the game, people move away from society and prevent them from socializing, and that one of these reasons is the tendency to These games are lonely for those who are mostly only children or have few brothers or sisters with a large age gap, and this makes them drawn to these games to reduce the feeling of loneliness, and this certainly changes their behavior and There are other interests as well.

One of major problems in large and industrial cities, such as Arak, Iran, is reduction of air quality. Variations in the Boundary Level Height (BLH) have a significant impact on air quality. The height and thickness of boundary layer changes at different hours of day and night and also on different days of year. Daily variations in temperature, humidity, wind, pollution and contamination, and turbulence and thickness of the boundary layer occur due to daily warming and nocturnal cooling of the Earth's surface, and a very stable layer with a temperature inversion always plays the role of the boundary layer cap. The present study aims at examining the variations in BLH different times of day over the months and seasons of the statistical term, and the effect of these changes on the reduction or increase of pollutants in Arak city.

Arak boundary layer daily and monthly data for the Different hours with a spatial resolution of 0.125degree arc from 1979 until the end of 2018, was collected from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. Variations in the Arak BLH over the statistical term were assessed and estimated using linear regression, non-linear regression, and Mann-Kendall statistical test. The air pollutant raw data of three air pollution stations across Arak city were obtained from General Directorate for Environmental Protection of the Markazi Province. After collecting the preliminary data, the air quality index (AQI) relation was calculated for five major air pollutants, namely suspended particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, surface ozone, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide, and then the responsible pollutant, i.e. the pollutant with the most AQI of other pollutants, was identified. To determine the influence of BLH variations on air quality, Pearson correlation test was administered between the BLH data and the five major air pollutant data.

The results showed that the BLH has an increasing trend in spring, summer and winter at all hours and it does not vary significantly in the autumn. Significant variations in the BLH of Arak city are different at night time and during daylight hours. In spring, on average the BLH increases by 9%, the highest increase being 18h. In this season, the BLH increases more at night than in daylight hours. In summer, on average the BLH increases by 6%, with the highest increase at 24h and the lowest increase at 12h. In this season, The BLH increases more at night than at daylight. The highest BLH occurs in winter, with an average increase of 34%, the highest being at 15h with an increase of 48%. Unlike both spring and summer, in winter the BLH increases more during the day than at night both. Overall, the BLH of the fourth decade increases by 9% in proportion to the average BLH of the whole yearly term, with the highest increase being 18% at 24h. To determine whether fossil fuels increase and land use and land cover changes of Arak city increase the BLH or whether global warming and macro-scale climate change increases the BLH of the cities including Arak, the BLH of four other points, besides those of Arak city center, were examined. The increase in Arak BLH is not much different from that of the rest, that is during the forty-year statistical term, the BLH increases to the same extent for both Arak city and its surrounding lands including the plain and agricultural areas, the mountainous areas, and the suburb. Therefore, it can be inferred that climate change and global warming have a greater impact on variations in the BLH.As stated in the data and methodology sections, the air quality index (AQI) relation was calculated for the five major air pollutants, namely particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, surface ozone, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide; The pollutants responsible for each days were determined for each station and particulate matter was found to be the pollutant responsible for most days at all stations in the Arak city.

The Arak BLH increases significantly in all seasons except autumn. This increase was not the same during daylight hours and months of the year, with the highest increase being related to winter, and the autumn of no significant change. The Arak BLH variations are in line with temperature changes in Arak city and it can be judged that the reason behind the Arak BLH increase is the increase in temperature of this city in the wake of global warming. The fossil fuelconsumption increase and land use change of Arak have a minor effect on the city BLH.The pollutant responsible in Arak city is particulate matter most of the days, originating in automotive fuel, industries in and around the city, and dustparticles. In the seasons when the dust masses do not enter the city, the BLH is negatively correlated with the suspended particles and on the days when the dust masses enter the city, the BLH relationship is positive and significant.The BLH increase in Arak city does not help much to reduce the concentration of pollutants in Arak city, as the BLH increase in some seasons is positively associated with ozone increase and particulate matter, and the mean of BLH is highly lower in winter, autumn, and other season’s nights so that it can naturally become polluted in a short time. As Arak is growing, it is increasingly being polluted and climate change is also occurring, and as urban adjustment and adaptation was repeatedly underlined in the Fifth Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. it is expected that the officials and policymakers develop and implement the urban development plans in accordance with natural and climatic features, and with adjustment and adaptation to climate change. The results showed that the correlation of the BLH with carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide is negative, and with ozone and the suspended particles 2.5 and 10 microns is positive

From the point of view of spatial justice, having access to health care services refers to a situation where the gap and difference between different strata and groups of society does not reach such a level that inequalities continue in society. The current research is practical in terms of its purpose and a descriptive-analytical study in terms of its nature. The library-document method was used to collect the data, and the path analysis method was used to analyze the data. In addition, kernel density estimation was used to determine the density and the directional distribution method and the nearest neighbour was also used to determine the distribution and pattern analysis of health centres in Arak City. The findings show that the distribution of hospitals was mostly in the 2nd district of the municipality, i.e. the city centre, and there are no hospitals in some areas, including the 3rd and 5th districts. The state of the health centre and health centres is also concentrated in the central part of the city. On the other hand, the situation of distribution of the emergency base in the city is optimally distributed. In total, more than 70% of the city has access to the city's health centres. In other words, nearly 75 square kilometres of the city are covered by at least one health centre. It is noteworthy that the centre and north of Arak City are completely covered by medical centres. On the other hand, the southeastern part of the city, i.e. District 1 of Arak City, has no access to healthcare services. Also, the results showed that structural requirements in the urban scale continue to focus on a few points and create savings due to accumulation and scale, and as a result, the city develops in such a way that the desire and preference for spatial injustice is evident in it. The urban system at the local scale will not reach a sustainable equilibrium until the contexts, processes and centralizing mechanisms are not modified

Unplanned physical development causes problems that cause urban societies in socio-economic and environmental crises, which are very difficult and complex to solve after the development of urban areas. Most cities in Iran face many physical challenges, of which the city of Arak is no exception and has many physical limitations. The southern part of Arak city is surrounded by steep heights and now part of the slopes of these heights, which have a considerable slope, is occupied by marginalized people. Not only is this part of the city lacking in development, but part of its population will be displaced if the worn-out structures are rehabilitated and renovated. This study seeks to analyze the challenges of urban development in Arak with emphasis on physical indicators and then the most appropriate and unsuitable areas of the city in terms of physical indicators are identified.

This research is based on applied purpose and its method is descriptive-analytical. Documentary and library methods have been used to collect existing theories and experiences. Examining the current situation of Arak city in terms of access to required information and surveying 40 urban experts using a questionnaire, 5 main criteria including incompatible uses, natural factors, compatible uses, population and density, characteristics of residential units were selected. AHP model was used for weighting. GIS and Index Overlay method have been used for the final combination of layers. After the criteria of physical indicators (incompatible uses, natural factors, compatible uses, population and density, characteristics of residential units) were determined and the information related to each of them was prepared, the weight of each of them was compared using AHP model. Pairs were performed and maps and layers of each were prepared in GIS. Once the criteria were determined and the final score of the options was calculated, the judgments were logically adjusted. Among the research criteria, the characteristics of residential units with a weight coefficient of 0.3828 have the most impact on the analysis of physical indicators and the lowest coefficient of importance is related to population density with a weight of 0.082. Then, the map of each criterion was prepared in Raster format, including compatible and incompatible land use maps, population and density, natural factors, characteristics of residential units and population density. Each of the desired criteria was classified according to its sub-criteria using the Reclassify command and the desired weight, and with the Raster calculator command, a map of each of the first level criteria was prepared for the final composition and integration. That is, all 5 criteria of the first level, based on their respective weights, were combined using the INDEX OVERLAY model and the final map of the analysis of physical indicators in Arak was determined.

Findings show that physical indicators in the design and urban planning of Arak city are not related to social readiness and safety of citizens so that: 1) the most unsuitable area based on the index of natural factors in area 3 and the most appropriate area 1 2) The most unsuitable area is based on the index of characteristics of residential units in areas 3 and 5 and the most suitable is area 4, 3) The most unsuitable area is based on the incompatible land use index of area 1 and the most suitable area is parts of area 3, 4) The most unsuitable area based on compatible land use index is parts of region 3 and the most suitable are parts of region 1, 4) The most unsuitable area is based on population density index of region 1 and the most suitable is region 5. Among the research criteria, the characteristics of residential units with a weight coefficient of 0.3828 have the most impact on the analysis of physical indicators and the lowest coefficient of importance is related to population density with a weight of 0.082. The results show that in the central areas of Arak city, especially in the south of region 5, region 3, and the northwestern part of region two, as well as in the central part of region one (industrial centers), are the most unsuitable areas in terms of physical development and more From other areas, there is a need to plan and take executive measures to reduce physical challenges.

Arak urban development can be done in two ways: connected development and internal development. A noteworthy point in identifying the possibilities of growth and development of Arak metropolis is the existence of barren lands and the ability to reclaim land within the city, which is due to the physical development of centralist forces (under the influence of spatial concentration hypothesis that causes savings due to scale ), Include a significant area of the city. This, along with identifying other components affecting the growth and development of the city, including environmental and spatial potentials, provides opportunities for the physical development of the city. To reduce physical challenges in Arak, it is suggested that planning priorities be considered as follows; 1- Neighborhood criteria with incompatible use in areas 3 are in the planning priority; 2- Criteria of population density in the planning priority of regions are 4 and 5; 3- The criterion of compatible uses in the planning priority is region 3; 4- Criteria of residential features are in the priority of planning areas 3 and 5; 5- The criterion of natural factors should be a priority in the planning of region 3, and finally it is suggested to prepare a comprehensive and complete plan in this field and to conduct more in-depth studies on the physical condition of the city separately for each of the urban areas of Arak. The present study has been able to study some of the challenges of urban development in one of the industrial cities of Iran. So far, less study has been done on the physical indicators of Arak and its impact on the development of the city.

As a social capital, youths are the driving force of a country, and if they are properly planned and trained, they can act as an active force in raising the high goals of the society. But in some areas, including marginal areas, due to geographical conditions, lack of service, poverty, the prevalence of delinquency and addiction, etc., young people are exposed to all kinds of social harm. In the present study, by studying the background of the research and sources, we have extracted the dimensions of youth empowerment in Ali Ibn Abitaleb Neighbourhood (Arak City) by preparing a questionnaire. This research is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of purpose. The sample size was determined according to the statistical population of this neighborhood using Cochran's formula. According to the census 2015, the population of the area was 37,249 people. First, questionnaires were distributed (online and manually) among young people, after completing the questionnaire, 200 people were selected according to the variance obtained from the initial sample. The data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software. The results indicate that the environmental factor has the highest factor load with a weight of 0.94. Also, the factor of personal context with a factor load of 0.84 is in the next order, which indicates the existence of a high context for empowerment programs among young people.

The rapid growth of urbanization, centralized planning and lack of participation of people in decision-making, has caused many problems in the management of cities that these problems can not be solved with traditional management and only by using new management methods can overcome these problems. The city of Arak has various problems such as marginalization, air pollution, traffic, expensive housing that using a good governance model can be one of the appropriate solution to overcome these problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the causes of lake of good urban governance in the city of Arak through functions affected by the performance of urban management and the level of participation of institutions and citizens in the affairs of the city. The research is applied in terms of implementation method. The information was collected through two methods of documentation and a researcher-made questionnaire with a Likert scale of 5 options. The sampling method is research that 384 citizens were selected using the Cochran’s formula. The results show that in the indicators of good governance after T-tese, the value of obtained is equal to 0.05, which indicates that the lack of good urban governance in the city of Arak. The results obtained from the data analysis in LISREL software show that the hypotheses are significant at the error level of 0.05, so the research hypotheses are accepted and confirmed. Therefore, it can be said that the city of Arak is not in a good position of the indicators of good urban governance.

Today, city management is of particular importance due to the complexity of its issues and problems. Using new approaches can help solve the problem to some extent. The city of Arak is facing many problems such as air pollution, urban traffic, etc. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is the identification and analysis of drivers affecting the development of urban management in the city of Arak using this tool (scenario writing). The required data and information were collected by library and field methods, and interviewing experts (Delphi method). To analyze the data, MICMAMC software was first used to determine the effect of variables and Morphol software was used to predict the scenarios. Finally, the obtained results showed variables such as macro-national management, international sanctions, lack of attention to citizenship, instability of management, politicization of managers have the most impact on the performance of Arak urban management and have the highest direct impact score. Also, out of 5000 valid output scenarios, 10 scenarios with the highest inertia (probability of occurrence and reproducibility) were presented as the final scenarios. According to the type of scenarios, the management performance of the city is in an intermediate state, which can be improved by moving the middle scenarios towards optimism and prevent the occurrence of catastrophic scenarios.

Today, the theory of smart growth plays a very important role in urban development. This approach tries to improve the quality of human life and seeks to respond to socio-economic, environmental and physical problems of cities and can pave the way for urban management to make optimal use of facilities and solve urban problems. Smart growth is a new phenomenon in our country and due to limited resources and time, prioritizing the principles and indicators of smart growth for the proper implementation of urban development is important and significant. so this study examines the impact of indicators of urban smart growth on development of Arak city. This research is an applied research in terms of purpose and is a descriptive-analytical research in term of method . The required data and information have been obtained by collecting the opinions of experts and by using the comprehensive and detailed plan of the city of Arak and related documents, magazines, and books. To analyze the data, we used MATLAB software and Shannon entropy and Copras. The results indicate that the physical-land use index is the most important indicator of intelligent growth in urban development of Arak. Also, in the end, according to the research results and the needs of Arak city, solutions have been presented in order to better implement smart development.

The main themes in relation to urban development are the form or shape of the city. The city is divided into two main types, compact and spiral, and a variety of subcategory forms. Because of a close relationship between the city''s form and its sustainability, urban managers must recognize City growth pattern that can lead to more sustainability. Based on this, in the framework of the theory of sustainable development, the spatial growth pattern of Arak was evaluated with three research hypotheses. Data were collected from the census and Gis municipal unit data. The nature of the research is descriptive, although analytical techniques have been used. To recognize the tendency of growth pattern, the Heldern method and metric indices (density, concentration and continuity) were used to test the spatial distribution of the population from entropy and Gini coefficients, and to test of aggregation and population distribution of Moran coefficients, mean The closest neighborhood, low / high clustering, multi-spatial clustering, cluster / cluster analysis, cluster pattern and G coefficient were used. The results of the test showed that in spite of the widespread urbanization of 1965-85, the city''s tendency to intensive growth started from 2011. There is a relative balance in population distribution. Arak has a cluster growth pattern with the formation of hot spots in the center and around the center and a cold point in the East-Northeast. Therefore, it is imperative that city administrators Benefit advantage of a compact city and prevent the disadvantages of a compact city.--

The rapid changes in land use and land cover in the suburbs of large cities of Iran, including the city of Arak, as an industrial metropolitan city, have caused many problems in recent decades, including degradation of natural resources, environmental pollution and poor urban development. In most cases, this has been caused by an unjustified land use change. The study of changes and destruction of resources in past years, the feasibility and prediction of these changes and the pattern of urban growth in the coming years can be an important step in planning and optimal using of resources in the future. In this study, by using Landsat multispectral satellite imagery of 2000, 2018, and 2028, lateral information, Markov chain model, and artificial neural networks, the changes that have occurred in land use and land cover in Arak over the course of 28 years were investigated. To reveal the changes, the conversion rate for each course was obtained in four classes. To investigate the images, they were corrected, and then the best bands were selected for combining the bands. In the following, the classification of rates of maximum probability and evaluation of the accuracy of the classification as well as the overall accuracy were performed with kappa coefficient. Finally, by using the Markov forecasting model and the LCM modeling approach, land use change was predicted for the year 2028. The results indicated the excessive expansion of the built areas, severe degradation of agricultural lands during the period of 2000-2010, sharp decline of barren lands, their conversion to the lands built within the boundaries of the city, and the reduction of mountainous lands in the period of 2010-2018. Modeling the changes also showed that in the period of 2018-2028, the city will grow from the north and northeast to the south and southwest (i.e. toward the mountainous and garden lands of the two villages annexed to the city).

The increasing intensification of scale, expansion, and complexity of problems in cities as well as becoming aware of the incompetent conventional system and top-down decisions-making have led to a trend toward systems, in which small and large decisions are made through cooperation between urban beneficiaries. Today, the “good urban governance” approach has been introduced as the most influential and sustainable way of management with the lowest cost. Given the significance of this approach, its examination and analysis in the management of various cities is substantially beneficial. Consequently, the purpose is to examine good urban governance in Arak city as a case study. The theoretical framework of the study is based on good urban governance. A prominent feature of democratic governments is good governance which cannot be realized without democracy. Today, indicators such as responsiveness, efficiency, accountability, achieving public satisfaction, quality of life, and gaining information on good governance are emphasized. Good governance results in a growing trust between citizens and governments, and ultimately public satisfaction. The indicators of good urban governance include: effectiveness, participation, transparency, lawfulness, accountability, equity, strategic insight, agreed orientation, reception, responsiveness, access to information, etc. In this study, 6 indicators were confirmed, based on which the present study was conducted. These indicators include participation, effectiveness and efficiency, lawfulness, access to information, equity, and political stability and fight against corruption. The present inquiry is a descriptive-analytical study with an applied purpose. The total population of the study includes the residents of Arak city in its five urban regions who are more than 571068 people. Given the high volume of the population as well as numerous limitations such as time, location, and costs for questionnaire distribution and completion, a sample population was indicated using Cochran’s formula; in this regard, the sample population was calculated as 384 people. The main instrument used in the study was self-constructed questionnaire; questioning was done across the citizens of Arak. Ultimately, the collected data were processed and analyzed using SPSS and AMOS softwares. The results showed that the six indicators of good urban governance in Arak city are at unfavorable state. Among the indicators of Arak city governance, the ones including effectiveness and efficiency are of the best status with an average of 2.36, compared to other indicators. Furthermore, indicators including participation and access to information were different in various regions. Accordingly, the results of Tukey’s test showed that region 1 with average ratings of 1.85 and 1.66 on the indicators of participation and access to information, respectively, is different from other regions; these ratings are very poor while the status of other regions are at a somewhat better state.
The extent of correlation among the six-fold indicators of good urban governance including participation, efficiency and effectiveness, political stability and fight against corruption, lawfulness, and social equity with ultimate satisfaction is 0.691, which is regarded as a direct and relatively intense correlation. Nevertheless, the six-fold indicators examined in Arak city overall are capable of explaining 47% of variance in the indicator of satisfaction toward good urban governance while almost 53% of changes in this indicator are explained through alternative factors.
Furthermore, the results of structural equations modeling based on factor loadings, regression weight, and different fitness indices demonstrated the fact that the indicators of good urban governance in Arak city are at unfavorable state which can be confirmed by the compiled model.
As a result, the indicators of governance are overlooked within the management of Arak city; while the six examined indicators are not even at an average state according to the residents’ view, they are in fact below average and involve poor or very poor status. Moreover, an examination of the regions’ situations in terms of having these indicators did not show a significant difference between regions except for participation and access to information; region 1 in Arak city is at a very weak state regarding said indicators, compared to the other four regions. However, this does not mean that other regions are of favorable status in this context, except that they are only insignificantly better compared to region 1. Considering the status quo, it appears that the lack of emphasis on applying these indicators could definitely bring about irreversible damages to Arak city management. Given the findings of the study, Arak city is at an unfavorable state in terms of good urban governance indicators. Not only the continuation of this process could lead to various issues in the context of community participation and various interactions aimed at urban development, diverse urban plans are incapable of offering a standard, sustainable situation. Subsequently, the application of governance indicators with significant emphasis should be included in Arak city planning by managers and administrators.

Urban population growth and increasing demand for housing and services in the cities of the country has forced the need for physical development of cities this development in recent decades has been more of external development, and the provision of services and housing has been following by adding to the city's area, that has caused to urban sprawl and deterioration of surroundings and neighboring gardens and agricultures. While that infill development and particularly redevelopment and utilization of land as effective approaches can be considered in reducing damage to the environment and realization of sustainable development of cities. In this regard the aim of this research is to develop a model to identify lands with redevelopment capability and use it to the city of Arak as an example. Therefore, this research tries to answer these questions that how to identify the lands with redevelopment capability? And what are these areas in Arak? For this purpose, an innovative algorithm to identify lands with destruction and redevelopment capability is designed, that urban parts are evaluated on the basis of 8 criteria, construction quality, age of Construction, small lot, permeability, land's price, sponsorship rate, ratio of migration and access to green space. This innovative algorithm has been implemented for example in the city of Arak. The results show that innovative algorithm has nice capability in combination with GIS software and can be used to identify the lands with destruction and redevelopment capability. Also using this algorithm in Arak city lead to identify 4187 pieces with redevelopment capability which has an area of 85.8 hectares and can be used to realization of infill development in Arak city.

Introduction Cities are vast arenas for the concentration of population and activities, and human health has an inseparable connection with the conditions and quality of urban environments. The quality of urban environment is an important factor in the way of providing health and life satisfaction. The dynamics, vitality and attractiveness of urban environments have a great influence on the creation of sensory richness and place attachment. Environment and place attachment meanwhile create the feeling of pride, effectively increase the social responsibility and people participation in the affairs of their quarter and city. The experience of executing urban plans in Iran has not shown any success in creating high quality urban environments. Regarding the importance of the quality of urban and residential environments in creating place attachment, recognition of difficulties and insufficiencies of these areas is essential. Studying the factors creating and reinforcing place attachment is a critical issue in the way of creating sustainable urban environments and quarters; in this respect, Bentley, Alcock, Murrain, McGlynn, and Smith (1985), clarifying principles and attributes of responsive environments including permeability, variety, legibility, robustness, visual appropriateness, richness, and personalization, have introduced a step by step process to achieve urban environment qualities. The present study, while explaining the characteristics of the responsive environments, has investigated the role of the indicators and components of the responsive environments- which are mainly related to the physical environment- in creating sensory richness and place attachment of citizens living in Arak.
Methodology This study is analytic and applied research that investigates the effect of responsive environment indicators on place attachment. The needed data have been collected through library studies, interviews, and a questionnaire. The geographical area of the study is Arak city. Based on the population and housing census in 2011, the population of Arak was 484212. The statistical population of the study is citizens living in Arak, but to reach the reliable results, citizens over 18 were considered as the basis for the study. Sample size was determined using Cochran formula with error level of 5% that is equal to 384.
The studied indicators in this paper are the same as responsive environment indicators including permeability, variety, legibility, robustness, visual appropriateness, richness, and personalization. The indicator of sensory richness was named as place attachment because of its implicit meaning. Each of the mentioned indicators was introduced by some related criteria; then, the effect of six indicators namely permeability, variety, legibility, robustness, visual appropriateness, and personalization was analyzed on the indicator of sensory richness, namely, place attachment. The needed data was collected through library studies, interviews, and a questionnaire. The reliability of questionnaire was tested using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α=0.89). The level of desirability of indicators of responsive environments from the viewpoint of citizens was also assessed using one-sample T test. Then, the correlation coefficient of the indices of responsive environments was calculated and finally, regression analysis of place attachment index (sensory richness) and other indices of responsive environments was carried out.
Results The present study investigated the responsive environment indicators in Arak city. For this purpose, a questionnaire with Likert scale was prepared. After collecting the needed data, one-sample t-test was carried out. The numerical mean of indicators showed that convenient accessibility of house from different ways (Mean=3.80), existence of various services and facilities in quarter and city (Mean=3.48), unique features of streets for routing guide (Mean=3.16), potential of home interior spaces for performing various alternatives of furniture design (Mean=3.11), tendency to change the residential space scene according to individual desire (Mean=4.05), and tendency to continue living in this quarter (Mean=3.10), have the highest average number respectively; none of the criteria related to visual appropriateness had a mean value higher than test mean value.
To explain the relationships between each pair of indicators, Pearson correlation was calculated. Except for the correlation of personalization with variety, visual appropriateness, and richness, all correlations were significant. The maximum correlation belonged to the pairs of richness and visual appropriateness (r= 0.614), and richness and robustness (r= 0.465), and the minimum correlation belonged to personalization and robustness (r= 0.120).
In the regression analysis of indicators, the indicator of sensory richness (place attachment) was assumed as the dependent variable, and other six indicators as independent variables. Based on adjusted R square, 53.2% of the changes of place attachment is explained through linear combination of independent variables. The indicators of visual appropriateness and robustness had the maximum effect on place attachment whose influence coefficients are 0.453 and 0.192, respectively. The effect of the indicator of personalization was not meaningful.
Conclusion The results of this study showed that the indices of responsive environments have a significant effect on place attachment. Regarding the objective and physical nature of the mentioned indicators, it is suggested that the effect of other indicators especially social criteria on creating place attachment in urban environments be studied in future studies.

The assessment of urban heat islands is considered as a key variable in the studies of environmental sciences because modeling the interactions of the land surface flux can best respond to many urban problems of modern societies.This study aimed to detect heat islands over Arak city and their clustering was done.For this purpose, the satellite images of Landsat 8 (OLI and TIRS) related to August for three consecutive years of 2013, 2014 and 2015 were taken from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Site.For the extraction of Urban Heat Islands (UHI) values of Land Surface Temperatures (LST), Moran's autocorrelation functions and hot spot analyses by MATLAB and Arc GIS capabilities were used.After land surface temperature (LST) calculation, hot and cold clusters of heat islands over Arak were extracted using the hot spot analysis index. To evaluate the factors affecting the formation and clustering of heat islands in Arak NDVI and NDBI indices were used. The results showed that there is a high correlation between the two parameters, vegetation and urban built areas with land surface temperature so that the vegetation index has moderated and urban built areas has exacerbated the heat islands over Arak city. Comparative assessment of urban heat islands led to the detection of two types of heat islands over Arak: Focal heat islands and the linear heat islands. Moran's spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed that the land surface temperature has spatial structure in Arak; in other words, land surface temperature is distributed in clusters in Arak. Finally, analysis of hot spots is a clear confirmation on focus and clustering of heat islands over Arak by increasing the time period.

In recent decades, problems of urban growth and land cover changes has been one of the most important issues on a global and national scale that different technologys were used for the recognition of the nature, dimension and functions of the aforesaid causes and process , among these the remote sensing technology due to its ability to produce high spatial and spectral resolution satellite images is known to be an effective tool for the detection and evaluation of changes. The present study is descriptive – analytical approach which uses Landsat ETM , TM, MSS images acquired in 1973, 1985, 2000 and 2011 in order to analyze the trend of land cover and land use changes. To obtain the magnitude of changes, band subtraction method and fuzzy logic were used. Satellite images were classified using Maximum Likelihood Classifier (MLC) in ARCGIS10.1 software. Results show that as a consequence of increasing population and expanding of urban areas, fuzzy magnitude of changes were equal to 0.84843, 0.92983 and 0.92795 for the periods of 1973-1985, 2000-1985, and 2000-2011 respectively. The urban area have increased 7/6, 15/2, and 11/9 square kilometers during these three periods. And during 38 years, urban area has reached from 14.9 to 49.8 square kilometers which shows an average annual growth rate of 0.918 km2 and correlation between population growth and urban expansion is 0.976.

Any rehabilitation in urban، due to the nature of the economic، social، physical this area، the precision of their own demands Urban expansion and Deteriorated textures of inner cities، an important problems in most of third world cities. As a causal system، economic، social an environmental affects، in the inner and outside of the big cities، consequence of this process. Identifying and determining priorities for renovation with using quantitative models with respect of fivefold physical parameter (streets width، Area، quality، materials and land uses) is significant for regeneration of Deteriorated textures. This article aim is Determine of renovation priorities in Arak central district with 62 hectares area and 14352 people. Research method is Descriptive – analytical with using AHP and Fuzzy Logic models in Arc GIS software. The results indicated that with based of AHP and Fuzzy Logic، high priorities parcels، In terms of location، do not follow the same distribution but have greater density by nearing the city center and the historical textures that average area have been calculated of high priority parts in mentioned models 6. 5 hectares and 4. 43 hectares in most high-priority parts. Finally، by considering the special construction in mentioned parts، Specified the renovation capabilities and over 8،000 populations will be settled. The results indicated that with based of AHP and Fuzzy Logic، high priorities parcels، In terms of location، do not follow the same distribution but have greater density by nearing the city center and the historical textures that average area have been calculated of high priority parts in mentioned models 6. 5 hectares and 4. 43 hectares in most high-priority parts. Finally، by considering the special construction in mentioned parts، Specified the renovation capabilities and over 8،000 populations will be settled.