جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « فعالیت های اقتصادی » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Socio-economic and political changes at the national and global levels in recent decades have paved the way for the change in the nature of these relations and the establishment of new relations. Among them are the flow of people, typology, production and the flow of capital. Today, the study of these currents and the analysis of their effects have been considered by researchers. One of the influential aspects of urban-rural relations is the diversity of economic activities of rural households. The purpose of this study is to model the effects of urban and rural relations on the diversity of economic activities of rural households. The type of research is applied and descriptive in nature. The data collection method was library and field (questionnaire and observation) and descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent t-test, diagnostic analysis and logistic regression) were used to analyze the data. The statistical population of the study is households living in 21 suburban villages of Dehdasht with a population of 3538 households and using the Cochran's formula, 347 samples were selected and sampling was done randomly. For the operational definition of urban-rural relations, three dimensions of social, economic, physical and environmental, 43 indicators have been used and to study the diversity of economic activities, 17 indicators have been used. Findings show that the economic dimension based on the logistics model with a coefficient (0.687) urban and rural relations has the most impact and the physical dimension with a coefficient (0.201) has the least impact; Therefore, in the final conclusion, it can be said that in the study area, the indicators of the economic dimension of urban-rural relations are effective in creating diversity of economic activities of rural households.

The diversification of economic activities in rural areas is considered as a strategy where rural households increase their income sources. The villages of Saqez city, despite having high environmental potential and capacity in different sectors, such as agriculture, have a poor livelihood and economic status. Therefore, the present article seeks to answer the following questions: What are the appropriate strategies for diversifying economic activities in the villages of Saqiz? The present study was conducted through descriptive-analytic method. In a survey method, SWOC analysis model and QSPM evaluation matrix, we presented appropriate strategies. To design a strategic model and determine the ranking of factors 20 from experts and also to factor out the factors of 300 villagers in the area. The study sample is selected as sample. The results of the SWOC model show that the existence of an appropriate ecosystem in the region for tourism development, the existence of four climates in the region and the possibility of cultivation in each season, as well as the presence of the leading farmers in the region, are the most important strengths against the weakness of the financial and economic context of many Villagers and traditional exploitation are the most important internal weaknesses for diversifying economic activities in the study area. Also, the results of this model indicate that in the external environment 34 opportunities have been identified, the attention of the authorities to the conversion and complementary industries, the border area and the suitable field for exporting agricultural products to the Iraqi countries, are the most important external opportunities and in contrast to 36 challenges and limitations. The key factors of the migration and exodus of elite educated to Tehran and neighboring provinces, climate change and increasing natural hazards such as floods and droughts are the most important external barriers affecting the diversification of economic activities in the villages of the study area. Also, the results indicate It gives diversification of the activities of the economy The studied villages should be focused on strengths and opportunities.

One of the important strategies for development is diversification into economic activities. Since the village is at the core of the formation of human societies, the issue of the stability of the rural economy is very important. Villages usually have a single-product economy, which causes the villages to retreat from development. So, we should look at ways in which rural economies could be transformed into a dynamic and powerful economy by diversifying the economic activities of rural households. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of diversification into economic activities on the welfare of rural households in the study area. To identify the variables of diversifying the economic activity (independent variable of the research) through theoretical foundations and research background as well as through the interview and guidance of the professors in this field. The statistical population of this study was 8956 rural households living in 11 villages in the district part of Kerman County. Out of these, 384 households were selected through Cochran sampling and 412 households were normalized to normalize the data. Data were collected through a researcher questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (.963). Data were analyzed by SPSS software using T-test single sample, regression and independent T-test. In the analysis, the villages of the study area were compared in terms of economic diversity and welfare. The results obtained from the hypothesis confirm the effect of the diversification into economic activities on the welfare of rural households. In fact, the results indicate that there is a significant difference between the households with and without the diversity of economic activities in terms of welfare. In other words, households with a variety of economic activities experience a higher level of welfare than non-diverse families.

Economic activities in rural areas is influenced by several factor. The geomorphology is one of the most important factors in economic development and the location is rural areas. In this study the effect of geomorphology on the type of rural economic activities Marivan city have been evaluated. This research is based on descriptive and analytical methods and its data library studies and review of the literature and the content and maps and field methods such as questionnaires, interviews and See. Data collection tools Into two categories, field tools include (questionnaires, observation and interviews) and software (arc gis, spss,google earth) are divisible. In this study, first geomorphological map has been prepared and position geomorphological villages been evaluated and then landuse each section separately in connection with the geomorphology factors have been evaluated. In the next step using a questionnaire and the method sampling systematic classification action to collect data have been in the case rural economic activities. The results of the evaluation of data indicates Sarshiv in part due to the mountainous and lack of arable land more people are employed in horticulture and animal husbandry activities And most have migrated to cities. But in parts of Central and Khavmyrabad considering the existence flat arable areas the majority of villagers are engaged in farming and have lower immigration rate.

What is clear is that the sustainability of each village depends on the dynamism and durability of its economy, and therefore the cause of the evacuation and desertification of many villages in the country is the weakness and inefficiency of their economy. The stability of a settlement reflects the equilibrium and dynamism of rural settlements in relation to natural-ecological, socio-cultural, economic and spatial-physical structures. So that it ensures the stability of a settlement during spatial trends - time. In this regard, special attention is paid to paying attention to the village and rural development, and adopting monetary and credit policies for the governments of the Third World Societies, which play the role of facilitating and directing development, Investing and injecting financial resources can play a very important role in fostering rural livelihoods and achieving sustainable rural development. The general approach of this research is quantitative research and in terms of collecting data based on librarian-documentary data and field survey. Field scrolling method. Firstly, for identifying indices and indicators of diversification of economic activities with special emphasis on rural areas, studies related to the field were used. Based on this, components and items of sustainable livelihoods were identified and the basis for designing a questionnaire as the main tool of research in field studies was placed. To increase the validity of the method, the content and formality of the method were used. In this regard, the validity of the research tool was confirmed by a number of experts in the field, then the Cronbach's alpha technique was used for the research tool's sensitivity and 0.905 was obtained, which indicates the appropriate reliability Research tool. To identify the villages studied, the villages first divided into 5 groups of 20-50 households, 10-51 households, 150-101 households, 152-150 households, 250-95 households and 525-500 households. After identifying sample villages, based on the Cochran formula, 300 families were selected and the sample size of the household was determined in proportion to the population of the village. To investigate the relationship between educational variables and number of activities, as well as income and activity variables, Lameda, v Kramer, Goodman and Kruskal tests were used. The results of these tests show that since sig is less than 0.05, then there is a significant relationship between education and the number of activities. As the level of education increases, the number of household activities also increases. Field analysis showed that 123 out of 136 uneducated families with primary education, 123 had one activity and only 12 had two activities. Also, the results of Lameda, V Kramer, Goodman and Kruskal tests show that there is a significant relationship between the number of activities and income increase in the studied villages, which means that households with more economic diversity have higher income. Of the total households surveyed, 204 people have an annual income of 5 million or fewer. All these households have one type of economic activity. The research findings also show that among the 71 households with income levels between 5 and 10 million, 45 have dual activity and 6 have 3 types of economic activities. One of the weaknesses of rural households is that they do not have diverse economic activities and only rely on agricultural activities. The vulnerability of their income and livelihood to shocks (human and natural). For this purpose, Lameda, V Kramer, Goodman and Kruskal tests were used to investigate the relationship between livelihood vulnerability of rural households against shocks and number of activities. The results of these tests show that in the studied villages there is a significant relationship between the number of activities and their livelihood vulnerability to shocks, so that the households, which in addition to the agricultural activities Other side activities are less livelihood vulnerability than households that only have one activity. And there are a number of economic activities in which there is an increase in income, which means that households with more economic diversity have more income. Of the total studied households (68.18%) who had only one kind of activity, their income and livelihoods were affected by (such as drought, floods and pests) climate shocks. Friedman test (rank average) was used to prioritize the key factors affecting the diversification of economic activities from the viewpoint of villagers. The statistical results of the test show that there is a significant difference between the factors at the alpha level of 0.05. The average results of the Friedman test also indicate that the government's support for diversifying activities is ranked first. The diversification of economic activities in rural environments can be seen as a consistent and dynamic process in response to threats and opportunities through which farmers can manage risk and can also increase their income and livelihoods, maintain their livelihoods and ultimately improve their living standards. Descriptive findings show that from the perspective of the sample society, the government's financial support by providing appropriate facilities to farmers, the availability of savings and financial resources for farmers, the purchase of guaranteed crops, horticultural and livestock, government support for entrepreneurship development and intermediary removals When selling products, raising the level of knowledge and knowledge of the people from the affiliated businesses can have the greatest impact on the diversification of economic activities. In confirmation of the descriptive findings, Friedman's test also shows that from the point of view of society, which is the factor of government support for diversification of activities, the second factor that influences the diversification of economic activities from the perspective of the sample population is the financial resources and household savings. In addition, the infrastructure facility for the diversification of economic activities from the perspective of the sample community is in the third place. Physical assets, institutional factors and climatic factors are also ranked next.

The Most poorest of world's communities are most people without land or with little land that mostly live in rural areas Whereas income from agricultural activities in these communities may create employment in the livelihood, Diversity of the rural economy is one of the key issues is essential to pay attention to it. This article attempts for answer to it question that whether the diversification in rural economy can be a tool for achieving sustainable development in rural areas? The research method in this article, is descriptive – analytic method , for data collection were used of two methods field libraries ( questionnaires and interviews ). It also analyzes the data using cluster analysis, Rural Settlement stable levels in three dimensions of economic, social and environmental by 36 indicators was determined in relative scale. The results of the 35villages questionnaire and 295 households questionnaire show that Only 8.8% of rural settlements were investigated, The three dimensions are stable and 44.1 percent of them were stable moderately stable and 47.1 unstable groups. The results of analysis of One-way variance show that The score average of diversification of economic activities 38.6 percent , in Metastable villages 30.7 percent, and in villages of unstable is 27.5 percent. In order to more accurate evaluate of the relationship between sustainability and diversity was used Pearson correlation. Studies show that the relationship between stability and direct diversity was to the place 0.77 percent which is extremely strong. According to thisresults show that Diversification of economic activities in rural areas can be Sustainable of settlements and thus boost rural sustainable development.

Religious tourism is one of the varieties of tourism that authorities in this filed، believe Iran، due to its special cultural and religious capacities and geographical position، has an important role in developing religious tourism industry. One of the important factors that affects industry tourism، especially developing the religious one، is the aerial transportation industry for the time being، regarding the importance of airports in transfering passengers، while being indurged in the existing economical، industrial and tourism problems. it is necessary to pay special attention to this industry and to have a deep survey on the role of airports in speeding the foretold activities. so in this article، by using information relevant to the number of internal travelers come in and went out of Mashhad Airport each moth (there are programmed flights from 13 different cities to Mashhad) during the years 1380-1395، grading the economical and industrial activities of these cities، and considering the number of tourists entered Mashhad airport and by using gravitation، regression and time serial models and also using Spss، itsm softwares، I have analysed the distance role factor in demanding to travel by air to Mashhad (regression model) and anticipating the number of travelers entering and going out of Mashhad during the years 1389 to 1393 (time seral model). Consequently، the above mentioned analysis shows that the most important factor in demanding to travel by air to Mashhad has been the distance between Mashhad and those cities.

IntroductionUsing modern technologies and giving variety of the economic activities in the rural regions, in addition to the effects of economic and physical aspects, always caused social changes. In some rural areas in Iran, economic activities at different levels, and with especial characters have been developed. The emerging new technologies and applying them at the spheres of rural economic activities is one of the most appearances of these characters. With the using of the combines in Iran's agricultural sphere, have been formed the special kind of occupations such as combine- significant and related jobs, incidentally this characters is one of the indicators of transferring from traditional agriculture to commercial one, Although priorities using methods in mechanized production with regard to the technical condition, economic and social problems in every society will be determined. Generally in developed countries using mechanized methods to reduce costs but in less developed counties to increase production. The Fars Province, because of its suitable condition in the field of farming activities is an appropriate region for forming and developing this activity. Since appearing and developing of each economic activity human settlements either rural or urban have positive and negative indicators will exhibit in all scopes, especially in the social indicators of that society. So, the major point of this research is, considering the social effects related to this special kind of economic activity on the villages where it is dominant way of living. MethodologyThe present research is essential a discovery one, which with favoring of scientific method, and by questionnaires and also interview, seek to find reasonable answerers to why and how this activity effect on forming, and developing process of villages. In the meantime study and seek the strength and duration, the rate of more effective and effectiveness of this activity of the process of rural development of the other objectives that in this research will be considered. Statistical society 928 families will be selection among them 101 families accident sample style. In order to collect data from two method, documentations and investigations have been used.Results and Discussion Combine - significant actually is a kind of economic activity in the special services and agriculture in the collection of the activities of the mechanism. As a special economic phenomenon, to increase the formation of the Organization of the space and special geographic perspective in the villages with these activities. And in the meantime, influence has exerted in different aspects of rural communities upon life and special social institution. The results show that, the activities that although this according to each case’s social-institutional positive effects of the situation in promotion of rural communities have to follow, but the profitability of them is limited to short period of year, they are with hardship and toil, add to this being away from the family. These together have caused discontentment in many combine owned families. So this activity is considered Profitable. This is on the condition of accepting many social difficulties-in and out of villages-for the workers as well as their families.ConclusionThe results of this study shows that despite of problems that combine owners are dealing with, the activity has a positive role in increasing the economic index of development. Finally we concluded that with the emerging Combine and applying them, and with regard to the new technologies role in the process of development and renovation, agricultural mechanization as an important factor played positive role in development and reconstruction of villages, that can be known as an important index in rural planning attention.

Villages and rural economy since the beginning have many relationship with agricultur and it’s sectors, particularly in agriculture, gardening and. ... So It can be seen from the definitions of village. Such economic structure has many features that most of them is nondiversity in employment and limited income resources in agriculture and his sectors that has many challenges in the rural spaces and dimensions of rural life.on the other hand, base on sustainable development model, sustainable livelihoods and economic security in rural areas is important and necessary because efficiency and effectiveness should be increase and diversification of economic activites in rural area should be done. Whit such strategic decisions through their functions can ensure from human Posts stability and unfavorable natural conditions in rural life. Economy of Semirom county and rural settellmant,s through single definition of production(apple production) has faced whit many challenges in social, economical, and environmental aspect,s that caused undesirable situation in such area. This article reviews this issue and the role of economic activities diversity in sustainable development.

Division of location and space is the most significant factor in lands use, thus,urban lands use includes a set of purposeful activities for organization of an unnatural environment, unjust division occupancy is the most important issue that has engaged everyones mind, thus Karaj has the most residential occupancy,including 30.1% of percapita share and 28.2%service percapita, there are storage of green and commercial space.In balanced specification of lands to difeerent users and unappropriate percapita in established plans are also among the problems of these plans. In Karaj`s established plans, unfair division of occupancy in the lands can be seen, and finally changing the agricultural lands into residential ones is one of the most important points considented in Karaj. Lack of green spaces in Karaj is an important issue. If we calculate the needof this city for green spaces we come to a number which shows that this city can be considered as a desert. In general, substandard residential occupancies have resulted in unbalanced usages if different sectors, thus there are plenty of issues concerning to substandard usage. City includes a set of manmade, natural, social and environmental factors, it has been populated by the residents, urbanization is a method of human life on the earth,it is a costant human settlement in the environment. Unsurpiringly, city has been a center of civilization for a longtime,so urbanization process should be investigated carfully urbanization in Iran has a long history,Iran Plateau is the first part of the earth that has experienced urbanization.But in contemporary centuries urbanization in Iran has a specific form that has had many consequences including over whelming migration of villagers to the cities. Due to its location and closeness to Tehran,Karaj has a special form of urbanization. This phenomena is so outstanding in recent 2or3 decades that it needs carful considerations,investogations and scientific discussions.