جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « منطقه یک شهرداری تهران » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Public spaces and social interactions have a reciprocal relationship. The rapid urbanization, limited land availability, and neglect of these spaces in urban development initiatives have resulted in a scarcity of open and green areas per capita, consequently reducing social interactions. District 10 of Tehran, as the most densely populated area, suffers from a lack of both quantity and quality in public and open spaces. Furthermore, issues such as physical deterioration, disrupted urban landscapes, a high tenant rate, low social security, and a transient population have further diminished the quality of existing public spaces and the level of social interaction in this particular district. Hence, the aim of this study is to explore the potential for enhancing public spaces in order to promote social interactions in District 10 of Tehran. The chosen research methodology is descriptive-survey, with data collected through documentary and field studies. The SWOT and QSPM techniques have been employed for analysis.  The findings reveal that various factors play a significant role in facilitating social interaction in public spaces. These factors include the diversity of activities, integration of land use, social inclusion, accessibility to public transportation, social security, memorability, safety, engagement of all senses, readability, visibility, flexibility, availability of urban furniture, materials used in urban furniture and pavements, climate comfort, and environmental health. Moreover, creating favorable conditions for the presence of children and the elderly would lead to increased supervision and social security.  The superior scenario proposes a set of strategies, including aggressive strategies (SO1: Enhancing social security in existing public spaces, SO2: Promoting the development of open and green spaces on a per capita basis, SO4: Establishing local hangout spots and micro spaces for community gatherings, SO5: Allocating multicultural and artistic spaces, sports venues, etc.) and conservative strategies (ST1: Repurposing inactive municipal-owned spaces, ST2: Encouraging greater citizen participation in social activities). Ultimately, six prioritized strategies are identified, resulting in the formulation of 18 policies and 31 action plans.

Ecological resilience is a concept that implies the reversibility of ecological structures and functions against the shocks experienced. The northern zone of Tehran, as the most important ecological support of this city, has undergone many land-use changes in recent decades. The present study has analyzed the role of land-use change in the ecological resilience of green infrastructure (as one of the pillars of ecological structure) in District 1 of Tehran Municipality. This study is an applied one in terms of purpose and is considered a descriptive-analytical one in terms of the method used. In this study Landsat satellite data (1976-2021) were used to detect the changes of interest, and landscape metrics were used to analyze the ecological resilience conditions. Based on the results of this study period, the Number of Patches (NP) has significantly increased and the Class Area (CA) has decreased during the period covered by this study. These changes indicate the fragmentation process and loss of structural cohesion of the green patches. The measurement results for the connectivity metrics (ENN and GYRATE) also showed a small connectivity between the green patches in the area. In addition, the results for CONTAG (Contagion Landscape metrics) measure indicated that, due to low connectivity, the transmission rate is low. Therefore, it can be said that the green infrastructure of the region has lost its structural cohesion in the face of land-use change, and as a result, the expected ecological functions and services have also failed. According to the results, the green infrastructure of the study area is vulnerable to land-use changes and their ecological resilience has been significantly reduced.

Today, urban development is more than anything influenced by the urban construction system, and in the meantime, the approved rules and regulations play an important role in regulating urban development. With the rapid development of urbanization and the increasing increase of construction in recent decades, we are witnessing fundamental changes in the urban landscape that the cities have become the manifestation of each building in height, color, type of materials, etc. in the continuous wall of the streets. In this construction process, city managers and officials have tried to control the unfavorable conditions of this period by approving and enforcing various laws and regulations. In this regard, in the urban communities of Iran, the rules and regulations defined in the field of urban development, unfortunately, have not been significantly effective and this has caused serious disruptions in urban development. In this research, which has been done by descriptive-analytical method and field method and using a questionnaire tool, the sample size of 20 experts and experts of urban development projects in question in the field of strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities for efficiency of these rules and regulations Included (Article 100, 5 and 55 commissions). Therefore, first, the factors of strength, weakness, threat and opportunity were collected through the Delphi method through the Delphi method, and then the components of the research were identified. . The results of this study show that a defensive strategy with a measured value of 4.078 is recognized as a superior strategy in the field of providing strategies to increase the efficiency of urban development plans, followed by an offensive strategy with a value of 3.895 as a complementary strategy. Which shows the effect of pairwise comparisons of the items in the SWOT model. 

Urban development in the era of the need to approve and implement urban development plans more than ever. In this regard, the problem that causes problems in large metropolises is the lack of accurate implementation and violations in the implementation of urban development plans. In this study, we intend to investigate the areas of occurrence of these problems and violations in the implementation of urban development plans. 

In this research, which has been done by descriptive-analytical method and field method and using a questionnaire tool, the sample size of 20 experts and experts of urban development projects in question in the field of strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities for efficiency of these rules and regulations Included (Article 100, 5 and 55 commissions). Therefore, first, the factors of strength, weakness, threat and opportunity were collected through the Delphi method through the Delphi method, and then the components of the research were identified.

The results of this study show that the defensive strategy with a measured value of 4.078 is recognized as a superior strategy in the field of providing strategies to increase the efficiency of urban development plans, followed by an offensive strategy with a value of 3.895 as a complementary strategy. Which shows the effect of pairwise comparisons of the items in the SWOT model.

Based on the results, the most important strategies for implementing urban development plans are: resolving conflicts of law and developing transparency in determining crimes, developing specialized workshops in the field of spatial and physical development vision of the region with emphasis on the role of local institutions and Neighborhoods, resolving conflicts of law and developing transparency in determining severe punishments, paying attention to social justice by strengthening local institutions in the region and ... .

Resilience means thinking and creating measures to quickly return to the original state after an incident. A city without resilient infrastructure is highly vulnerable to disasters. With the increasing environmental challenges facing humans in the modern era, this concept has been expanded in various fields of science and redefined by scientists in different disciplines. This approach is seen as a suitable alternative to rigid and engineered approaches. A resilient community is capable of returning relatively quickly to its previous state, while a community with less resilience may take longer to recover or may not be able to recover at all. Iran is among the countries with very high vulnerability to natural disasters due to its geographical and geological conditions. 7.31% of its total area is in areas at risk of natural disasters, and 70% of the country's population reside in areas at risk. Increased resilience and decreased vulnerability among local communities allow for the continuous and sustainable development of residents in the face of natural threats, and subsequent disasters cannot disrupt people's lives. Therefore, explaining the relationship between resilience to threats and reducing their effects, with emphasis on its dimension, is of great importance. Therefore, if the quality of public spaces improves, the voluntary presence of citizens increases, and therefore, the possibility of diverse and higher quality activities is provided. The geographical scope of the research is district 14 of Tehran Municipality, which is one of the densely populated areas of the city and located in the eastern outskirts of Tehran. This area has very suitable welfare facilities and services, and housing costs are very reasonable, so it has a high population density and is known for its small size. This research aims to explain the resilient city based on urban planning with a tactical approach in district 14 of Tehran Municipality.

The present study consists of two theoretical and empirical sections. The theoretical section is based on library studies which focus on collecting and categorizing different theories. In the empirical method, expert opinions were used to identify and rank the influential factors on service innovation, and the information was collected and analyzed. In this research, due to the large number of experts, a sampling method was used and 100 experts were selected. This study is of an applied type in terms of purpose, and of a descriptive-analytical type in terms of method, and the information gathering method is empirical. After extracting the indicators based on expert opinions, the hierarchical analysis process is carried out to analyze them. The method of data analysis in this research is based on the prioritization model of factors affecting urban planning with a tactical approach, and examining the city's resilience using fuzzy Delphi and fuzzy BWM methods. Initially, the indicators are validated or screened by the fuzzy Delphi method, and finally weighted using the fuzzy BWM method.

District 14 of the Tehran municipality is one of the areas within the city of Tehran. Located along the course of the Red River, it originates from the eastern heights of Tehran and flows southward. Due to physical, functional, social, economic, and environmental issues, the older parts of the district have unfavorable conditions. However, guidelines for identifying these areas focus on the physical-structural aspects, and 3 criteria of instability, granularity, and penetrability have been used to recognize these districts. Among the sub-criteria for downtime-related issues, the existence of aesthetic elements has obtained the highest rank with a weight of 0.425. The presence of suitable urban furniture has obtained the second rank with a weight of 0.323, and the status of the coverage of alleys and streets has obtained the third rank with a weight of 0.25. The results demonstrate that there are appropriate opportunities for tactical urbanism in the resilient city. Researchers have also studied the measurement of social resilience in urban environments using statistical methods and have provided various frameworks, indicating that there are differences in the components and indices employed at the regional level. Researchers have emphasized topics such as physical and social resilience in historical contexts, the use of resilience indices in metropolitan management, strategic crisis management with an urban resilience approach, and the need for implementing executive programs to improve urban infrastructure resilience and using appropriate indicators and models to measure urban resilience.Regarding resilience and the use of the tactical approach, the average score for tactical urbanism was 35.62, with a minimum score of 18 and a maximum score of 52, while the average score for resilience was 70.79, with a minimum score of 57 and a maximum score of 67. The average score for presence was 10.12, with a minimum score of 4 and a maximum score of 16. The average score for downtime was 16.73, with a minimum score of 7 and a maximum score of 28, and the average score for participation was 10.12, with a minimum score of 0 and a maximum score of 7. The correlation coefficient obtained from the components of tactical urbanism with resilience was significant at 99% confidence, indicating a meaningful relationship between the two at a 0.01 level of significance.

General, tactical urbanism can be defined as a new approach that is based on community participation and the use of short-term, high-impact projects. Tactical urbanism requires taking into account some design principles to create dynamic and vibrant public spaces. Nowadays, much of the literature on urbanism discusses the ideals of tactical urbanism. Harrison notes that the characteristics of this approach include everyday spaces for public activity and the recognition that these features and everyday urban activities constitute a social product. Citizens are practically living in a tactical city every day since they follow a flexible planning in using the environment and demand active participation in shaping the urban space. Citizen participation is the first factor in achieving tactical urbanism in such a way that the neglect and lack of participation of citizens will lead to undesired outcomes. Tactical urbanism is a broad concept used to describe a variety of temporary and low-cost changes made to the built environment. These changes are usually made in cities with the goal of improving the condition of neighborhoods and public places.

Urbanization, as the second revolution in human culture, has caused a change in the interaction between humans and the environment. This transformation has caused changes in the living environment. In the new era, smartening factors in cities have led to a significant growth of all major variables of citizenship life. Based on this, the purpose of the present study is an analysis of urban intelligence in promoting urban livability in District 2 of Tehran Municipality. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in nature. The collection of field data is based on a questionnaire. Research findings based on the Vickover model show that the level of livability of neighborhoods is very different. Saadatabad, the most livable neighborhood, is located in front of Farahzad neighborhood in unfavorable conditions. The results of correlation coefficient show a direct relationship between smart city and city livability with a correlation coefficient of 0.666. Also, the results of t-test show that among the studied components, the intelligent citizen component with a beta coefficient of 0.563 had the greatest impact on viability.

One of the most important issues that has always threatened human societies throughout history has been the occurrence of natural hazards. Hence, urban thinkers and planners seek to develop approaches to reduce urban vulnerability and increase resilience. District 1 of Tehran Municipality is considered as one of the most dangerous and vulnerable areas of Tehran metropolis with its North Tehran fault, Niavaran fault, Mahmoudieh fault. Zone one is also constantly exposed to floods due to the high slope in the northern parts and the presence of runoff. High density of impermeable surfaces and high volume of runoff in zone one, as well as being at the foot of the mountain, are the main reasons for flood-potential in the study sample (Salmani Foumani et al., 1398: 51). The question is what is the vulnerability of district one of Tehran municipality against natural hazards (floods and earthquakes)? To identify the current situation, prioritize the necessary management and planning actions and planning in the face of a possible crisis of future risks.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. First, using library and documentary studies, such as the study of texts related to the subject and previous research, and the use of expert opinions in this field, effective indicators on vulnerability in cities were identified. The raw data of the research are extracted from the statistical blocks of Tehran Region 1 and the GIS map of the study sample and for data analysis, reverse hierarchical analysis or IHWP is used.

In this part of the research, documentary studies were used to extract the indicators for assessing the vulnerability of urban areas to hazards. These indicators include: population density; Maximum ground acceleration; Distance from the channel; Fault; Access to medical centers; Width; Access to fire stations; Access to open and green spaces; Distance from gas station and CNG; Distance from worn tissue; Sewage cover; Distance from bridges. In the last step, the final map is obtained by classifying the data into 5 distinct categories in terms of vulnerability and by overlaying the layers. According to the results, of the total area of ​​District 1 of Tehran Municipality, 14.95% of the area with very low vulnerability, 23.28% of the area with low vulnerability, 27.03% of the area with moderate vulnerability, 23.59 with high vulnerability And 11.14% have a very high vulnerability. As can be seen in Map 4, the center and west of the region are more damaged and the damage is reduced from west to east. 

Due to the climatic and physical conditions of the region, the plan to widen the passages for narrow passages of the city, especially in the center of the region, should be considered. The rivers Jamshidia, Darabad, Darband, Darkeh, Lark, Maghsoud Beyk, Velenjak and Golabdareh may be flooded, so the river area in this section should be controlled; At the same time, in this field, with proper planning and management, steps can be taken to eliminate the shortcomings and problems.

Today, urban development is influenced more than anything else by the urban construction system, and the approved rules and regulations play a significant role in regulating urban development. In the urban communities of Iran, the rules and regulations defined in the field of urban development, unfortunately, have not been significantly effective, and this has made urban development face serious disturbances.The rules related to construction also undoubtedly have an effective role in achieving the high goals of urban planning, providing health, well-being, beauty, peace, safety and security, and complying with them while providing the aforementioned goals, improves the quality and increases the useful life of buildings. turns Rules and regulations are the means of implementing plans and programs.

The current research has been done with descriptive-analytical method and relying on library resources including documents, books and theses and articles in this field. Field survey and questionnaire data collection have also been used in this research. The statistical population in this research includes experts and university professors and urban management experts, and since this population does not have a specific number, the sample size was determined and estimated by the Cochran method (that is, the sample size is 389 people). In terms of validity, the questionnaire of this research has been met by the professors, and also in terms of reliability, using Cronbach's alpha analysis, a value of 0.88 has been obtained for it, which indicates high reliability. The collected data has been analyzed in the SPSS environment. This section included two areas of descriptive analysis and inferential analysis. In the descriptive analysis section, the characteristics of the respondents in terms of age, gender, education, etc. were discussed, and in the inferential section, t-tests, multivariate regression, and Friedman's test were used.

The results of these tests in terms of the efficiency of the criteria, which were checked using the one-sample t-test and regression, show that the value of the t-test for the components of Article 100 Commission (-18), Article 5 Commission (-15) and Article 55 Commission ( 7-) has been. Also, in the field of the commission component of Article 100, the value of the regression coefficient was 0.005, the commission of Article 5 was 0.001, and for the commission of Article 55, the value was 0.000.

In general, the results of these two tests indicate that the regulations and rules of urban planning in the field of the mentioned commissions have had the least efficiency in the existing constructions in the studied area.

In the form of a participatory, democratic process, neighborhood development has been the focus of sustainable urban neighborhood development programs for the past decades. In this regard, the aim of the current research is to investigate effective solutions in promoting people's participation in neighborhood planning. his research is descriptive-analytical. Its data has been collected by documentary and field method (questionnaire made by the researcher from the residents of the 14 districts). The findings of Friedman's analysis show that the factors of delegating responsibility to citizens with an average of 6.57, awareness of plans and projects with 5.33, trust in the municipality with 5.16, feeling of belonging to a place with 4.76, satisfaction with municipal services, 4.76 They are the most important factors in the participation of citizens in the neighborhoods. The results of multivariate correlation, the value of the coefficient between the set of independent variables and the dependent variable of the research (neighborhood participation) is 0.689, which indicates a strong correlation between the variables. Spatial analysis shows social participation in 14 districts that Dolab neighborhood with a score of 0.600, Gozpayin Dolab neighborhood with 0.602, Nurse neighborhood with a score of 0.752, and Shkoufeh neighborhood with a score of 0.734 are respectively the most favorable and unfavorable neighborhoods in terms of social participation indicators among the neighborhoods.

The use of futures research methods can be one of the best techniques of optimal management in the future in which a critical moment may occur. In order to reduce the damage and losses caused by earthquakes, the necessary preparation is obtained with the help of futurology. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the vulnerability of the road network in District 2 of Tehran Municipality and its efficiency against earthquakes. The research method was descriptive-analytical. Criteria considered in the study were 8 land use criteria, number of floors (building height), building quality, building density, degree of enclosure, passage width, population density, distance from the fault. Information layers were prepared by documentary-field method. In the IHWP method, they were ranked, scored and processed in the GIS environment by the Delphi method. In the ANP method, it was evaluated by experts in super decision. The results show that the vulnerability class length in the IHWP model has the highest length in the very high vulnerability class with a length of 63.121 km and the very low vulnerability class with a length of 3.961 km. In the ANP method, the very low vulnerability class with a length of 135.35 km has the highest length and the medium vulnerability class with a length of 11.329 has the lowest length. In this method, the vulnerability class is very high, with a length of 40.94 km, in the second priority in terms of vulnerability length. In IHWP model, vulnerable areas in the center and a small part of the south in Azadi, North Rudaki, Niayesh streets and in ANP model, vulnerable areas in the south and a small part of the north of region 2 in Jannah highway, Habibollah street , Yadegar Imam Highway, Shadmehr, Niayesh Gharbi, Behboodi, Parcham, Nosrat Gharbi streets. The results of field visits to selected areas in both models showed higher accuracy of IHWP method than AHP.

The indiscriminate constructions and residential and administrative constructions of the 7th district of Tehran municipality have caused the changes and developments of this area not to proceed in a logical and orderly manner; The results of such a process are many anomalies and visual disturbances that have occurred in the image and body of urban spaces; Therefore, the purpose of this research was to express the need to know the indicators of the beautification of the 7th district of Tehran and to identify the key factors affecting the state of urban vitality; which has used survey and descriptive-analytical research methods. The statistical population of this research is the 7th district of Tehran Municipality, where 200 people were selected as a sample by simple random sampling method. The reliability of research indicators was calculated through Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which was more than 70% for all research factors, and Bartlett's test was used to measure the validity of the research. The findings of the research showed that the first hypothesis of the research that the beautification of urban spaces is undesirable in the studied area has been confirmed and requires more effort from city managers. In other words, the findings obtained from the t-test showed; The significance level for all factors is P=0.000>0.05; Therefore, the first hypothesis is confirmed; The second hypothesis was the effect of the beautification factors of urban spaces on vitality in the study area, the findings showed that according to the critical ratio of each of the beautification factors affecting the vitality of urban spaces, which is above 1.5 and the value of the p statistic that is separate for each The factors of the beautification of roads and sidewalks, the structure and arrangement of buildings and urban furniture have been investigated, leading to urban vitality, and the mentioned hypothesis is also confirmed.

Urban population, urbanization growth, Reduce green spaces, High fossil fuel consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and Use of inappropriate materials They have created a heat island over the cities That cause the city's air several degrees Celsius warmer surroundings.Nowadays, science has proven that there has been a lot of climate change throughout the life of the planet Earth, and many indicators show that human intervention in nature is accelerating natural processes. Humans have been known to be involved in the occurrence of many natural disasters including global warming, sea-level rise, forest destruction, ozone depletion, acid rain, and biodiversity decline. Population growth, urbanization, green space decrease, fossil fuels overuse, greenhouse gas emission, and the use of inappropriate building materials have caused the emergence of thermal island microclimates over cities which make cities warmer than their vicinities (villages) by several centigrade degrees.

This phenomenon is influenced by several factors such as city location, city size and population, urban density, urban geometry, thermal properties of urban surfaces, waterproof surfaces, human-caused heat and air pollution. Some of these factors require long-term urban planning, but others such as using appropriate building materials can be considered as an early yielding decrease strategy to mitigate the destructive effects of heat islands. Therefore, this paper, after identifying the factors affecting the creation of heat islands and introducing the decrease strategies, tries to examine parameters such as mean radiant temperature and air temperature in three high albedo (0.8), medium albedo (0.5) and low albedo (0.3). In this regard, by choosing Poonak street in Qazvin, which has a variety of building materials, and by studying through Envi_met simulation software.

Materials used in urban environments absorb and accumulate solar and infrared rays and transmit them to the atmosphere, so materials play an important role in reducing the reception, storage of heat, and its transfer to the urban environment.
 The findings show that, it was concluded that changes in the amount of ambient radiant and temperature power can have a significant effect on the mean radiant temperature and consequently on outdoor thermal comfort. The results show that although cool materials with high albedo are suitable for roadbeds and roofs, but high albedo materials in the façade, due to their high reflectivity, bring lower thermal comfort and warmer environments in cities. In cities with heat islands, cool materials can warm the environment, but in cities with no heat islands, use of high albedo materials reduces indoor energy consumption in summer.

The results indicate that in order to reduce the mean radiant temperature (the most important factor of thermal comfort), direct and indirect radiant flux values must be controlled. Therefore, with the decrease in the amount of albedo in the facade materials, the radiant flux of the environment decreases leading to a simultaneous decrease in air temperature and the mean radiant temperature (Tmrt). Materials with albedo have the highest reflectivity, as a result of which the materials remain cold and heat is not transferred to the interior; however high albedo is not suitable for facade materials in cities that have a heat island, because it causes an increase in ambient temperature. The solution is to use materials with low albedo; thus, the ambient temperature does not increase and because the heat from the materials to the interior is not transferred. Use suitable thermal insulation in the wall so that the heat absorbed by the materials is not transferred to the interior.

Nowadays, in urban planning, attention to spatial justices is essential as the main approach in analyzing the distribution of urban utility land uses. In this research, the possibility of spatial justice and the distribution of urban utility land uses (green, religion, cultural, sports, educational and health land uses) was analyzed using the Moran’s I spatial autocorrelation in GIS for Tehran’s district 4. The type of research is applicable, in terms of purpose and the research method is descriptive, analytical and quantitative. To perform the analysis, the areas of any urban utility land uses was calculated separately and also land use layers were used as autocorrelation model input in GIS. The research results show due to the significant accumulation of educational and green land use layers, these two layers have no proper spatial distribution and this is because the Z-score values of these two land use layers are beyond the range of +1.96 and -1.96 at the 95% confidence level. Educational land use has per capita deficient, on the contrary, green land use has a per capita surplus and despite this per capita surplus, due to the high accumulation of this land use in some locations, many urban neighborhoods in this region suffer from a lack of green land use. And this is because of the unequal distribution of these land uses at the regional level. For other utility land uses, although the general pattern of Moran's spatial autocorrelation is random, the features of these land uses clustered at some locations locally. In addition, they also lack per capita. Accordingly, it is necessary to review the detailed plan after studying the zoning of detailed plan.

Urban runoff and flood damage is one of the most important and fundamental issues in the field of urban management, which in recent decades has been strongly affected by the rapid growth of cities and increasing urbanization. Today, to show these processes, in the design and evaluation of urban drainage network system, the use of existing computer models has a special place to simulate the flow. The purpose of this study is to use the SWMM model to quantitatively simulate rainfall floods for District 4 of Tehran.

In this research, using the capabilities of the SWMM model for region 4 of Tehran, according to environmental factors, two plans of the best management strategies (BMP) under the garden and green roof climate scenario and a combination of both scenarios, for Maximum runoff control has been done quantitatively and finally their efficiency in reducing the total volume of runoff out of the basin has been investigated.

The results of sensitivity analysis of the model showed that among the seven parameters studied in this study, the amount of CN, the percentage of impermeable areas, the coefficient of roughness in impermeable areas and the equivalent width had the greatest effect on peak flow change, respectively. According to the obtained results, the third scenario (simultaneous combination of the first and second scenarios) will have the greatest impact on reducing the flow depth and flow rate in the entire surface water collection network.

In general, if we consider the flow depth factor for evaluation, in total four modes of model implementation, the third scenario has the most impact on the Tehranpars channel (output 7) and the least impact on the ice channel (output 3) and if Consider the peak discharge factor for evaluation. In general, the third scenario has

Modernization processes and modern urban planning policies have had significant effects and consequences on the spatial transforms of cities in the world and Iran. Among that processes, we can mention the growing gap between social groups and urban spaces based on a number of contexts and mechanisms that, from the late 1960s onwards, have been conceptualized and measured experimentally under what is called the “spatial mismatch hypothesis”. The basic methodology for estimating the state of spatial mismatch in cities or urban regions is based on the logic of “spatial segregation” between social groups and land uses simultaneously; Because based on the spatial mismatch hypothesis, it is not possible to explain the segregation mechanisms between social groups in the city without considering its relation with segregation mechanisms in urban spaces or land uses, and vice versa. Based on such methodological logic, the present paper has assessed the state of spatial (mis)match in Region 4 of Tehran Municipality. The method of data collection was in the form of libraries and data available in the Statistics Center (General Census of Population and Housing in 2016 and at the level of demographic blocks of the region), Road and Urban Development Organization, Municipality of Region 4. Variables used to analyze the spatial mismatch in the region
The level of education, employment in study abroad and inside the country, employment and unemployment status, level of housing infrastructure, type of housing ownership, changes in land use pattern and the amount of daily commutes in the study area.
 Findings obtained based on the defined variables and techniques used in Segragation Analyzer and ArcGIS software show that the state of spatial mismatch in this urban region (like many other cases in cities around the world) is high, but its intensity is higher in terms of job and literacy of social groups in relation to the state of activity and residential land uses. Relying on such findings, some strategies and policies have been proposed to reduce the state of spatial mismatch in Region 4, and to contribute to a more even and equitable distribution of development in this region and hence reduce poverty among the lower classes.

Today, one of the challenges facing urban management is worn-out urban fabric. Utilizing the capacities of the people and social capital facilitates the achievement of the goal of modernization and organization of these structures for urban management.Purpose of the research: The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the increase of social capital and its relationship with the renovation of worn-out tissues.

The method of this research is descriptive-analytic and based on library and statistical information. Initial information was collected by documentary and survey as well as a questionnaire. The collected data were processed by using SPSS and Smart PLS software.

Geographical area of the research:

 The geographical area of the present study is region 10 of Tehran Municipality, which with a population of 327,115 people, has a significant area of worn-out structures in Tehran.

Findings show that there is a positive correlation between the components of social capital and renovation based on Pearson correlation test from weak to moderate level. Also, PLS path modeling and multivariate regression test show that the components of institutional trust, social interactions and interpersonal trust have more effect and the component of religious participation has less effect on the renovation of worn-out urban structures, respectively.

The results show that there is a significant relationship between social capital and renovation of worn-out tissues. They also show that the components of social capital have different levels of impact on the renovation of worn-out tissues, which can be improved by planning to upgrade and organize these components. Worn out accelerated the study area.

The urban metropolitan areas, which at the time of the spatial formation were responsive to the hierarchy of the needs of their inhabitants, now lack strong performance due to technological changes and changes in biological, social and economic needs. These areas were once the center and center of wealth and power of cities, but in the current situation (mostly in cities) they are weak in terms of infrastructure and urban services and physically disorganized. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of municipal incentive policies on the renovation of worn-out structures in District 14 of Tehran, which according to the nature of the subject and the objectives for which it is descriptive-analytical and applied research. Statistical population 100725 residents It is in region 14. The sample size is 384 people. In a recent study, the Friedman rank test was used to analyze the data. The results show the effect of using social capital in accelerating the renovation of worn tissues with an average Obtained (3.2) and the effect of government support policies (grant facilities) to increase the desire of residents to renovate worn-out structures with the average of all indicators is equal to 3.1. The final result is that studies have shown that measures to improve the condition of the old and historical context of cities without systematic and integrated planning that does not consider all aspects of social, economic, physical, managerial, functional, etc. Yes, it will not succeed.

Housing is considered to be the most basic and most sensitive part in the planning of economic and social development. Housing is the smallest and smallest form of physical embodiment of human-environment interaction, and spatial crystallization is the vital function of human habitation in its core roles. The present study is an applied target type. Regarding the nature, the main approach to the present paper is descriptive-analytical and according to the research subject, field of study and the nature of the subject, quantitative methods and techniques (geographic weights regression model) have been used. Several factors affect the price of housing, one of which is the type of land use that plays a key role in determining housing prices. In area 7 of Tehran, due to the combination of user and specific features that govern the use of this area, we have been studying the effects of each usage on the price of housing, so that by identifying the effects of each type of usage on the price of housing, planning in the region level can be made. For housing and housing economy. Given that the topic of housing economics is an inclusive and interdisciplinary topic (politics, economics, management, geography, etc.), this article further discusses the impact of geographic factors (types of uses) on housing prices, which ultimately revealed that access Urban transportation, terminals and warehousing with R2 87 /, Utilization of urban services with R2 87 /, Green utilization and parks with R2 / 80, Commercial and office applications with.

Today, the process of developing and constructing educational spaces tends to be more inclined to physical dimensions and is painted against human beings and their characteristics. The result is a disconnect between the studentschr('39') relationship with the schools in particular and the educational environment in general. As such, they consider their students to be less part of the high school and feel less attached to it. The purpose of this study is to focus on designers chr('39')view of the semantic levels of the school environment that can influence studentschr('39') sense of place. The research method was descriptive, analytical and survey using spss software and Lisrel 8.8. This study uses the confirmatory factor analysis technique to determine whether the number of factors and loads of variables measured on these factors are consistent with what is specified in the theory. According to the results of confirmatory factor analysis, the standardized coefficients are acceptable and relatively large. Through the SEM structural model, it was estimated that the highest correlation and consistency between subjective factor with factor loadings of 0.76 and physical component rank second. With a factor load of 0.63 and finally the educational component with a standard coefficient of 0.58 establishes and promotes a sense of  belonging in high schools. At the end of the conceptual model the research was mapped using structural equation modeling and by regression it was concluded that subjective, physical and educational components predict 43% of the variance in sense of belonging in Tehran high schools.

Leisure is an integral part of everyday life in todaychr('39')s world. Today, leisure is a new social arena in which various factors influence. Understanding these factors and examining their role and their impact on active (external) and inactive (external) leisure has been a major part of proper city management since this day. Therefore, in this study, using exploratory method, we sought to identify the factors affecting leisure time in district 22 of Tehran. This is a cross-sectional, applied research. The method of data collection is survey and its tool is a questionnaire. This study, using inferential statistical methods and SPSS software and statistical analysis such as correlation, regression and t-test, attempted to analyze the relationship between independent research variables (functional, security, aesthetic, transportation, economic, biological). Environment and infrastructure facilities) and the dependent variable (active and inactive leisure time), to identify the maximum impact and the least impact of the variables. The results showed that the effect and correlation of factors on leisure time (active and inactive) were different. In other words, indoor or passive leisure time is less affected by the external environment and context. But on the other hand, leisure time active or foreign in the 22nd district of Tehran is strongly influenced by background conditions and the external environment. Aesthetic variables and infrastructure facilities have the highest relationship with active leisure time and economic, performance and economic components have the least impact. In the passive leisure time, most of the impact factor is related to infrastructure and least to economic component.

The development of urbanization is one of the most important factors in population concentration,change in environmental conditions , general urban structure change that has caused the development and spread of decay textures conditions and has challenged the sustainability of the city. The purpose of this research is to analyze the decay texture of Tehran 10 metropolitan area and the stability of its 3 districts. The research method is analytical-descriptive and data are collected and the statistical information is analyzed in four dimensions: physical, social, economic, and environmental, using the ELECTRE model and the three regions are ranked based on them. The findings show that District 3 of Tehran 10 area is in the most stable physical condition thanks to the modernization of most of its buildings and having the least amount of microorganisms in the texture and impassable streets. Regarding the social status of District 2 based on the average population, the number of literate students as well as the average environmental indicators, it is considered the most stable socially and environmentally. On the other hand, the number of immigrants is very high in this area and the imbalance in the population and the use of services and green spaces results in economic inefficiencies. Considering the economic dimension, all three districts are ranked the same.none of these factors are separated from the other and each affects the erosion of textures. Therefore, to guide the area in the direction of sustainability, all the influential factors should be taken into consideration.