جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « نابرابری های فضایی » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

This area of the city is critical because its structure is an indispensable system, consisting of several units, and of all the various elements, which make their inconsistency an impression on the whole system and the whole of a city's structure. The survey of inequality and its funds is located in different geographical borders in recent years of the work of Harriet and politicians. The existence of inequality and various dimensions has not been judged by the topography of an important development. The aim of this inquiry into alien inequality or other interpretation of the distribution of space is to maintain an economic, social, and domestic involvement.

The research method is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of purpose. After theoretical investigations of population and housing census data for three consecutive periods (1385, 1390, 1395) and converting them into per capita and different ratios into indexes, to investigate the inequality situation, Also, the recognition of the spatial pattern of the expansion of inequality for the three extracted periods of the research implementation process based on these indicators and spatial statistics models, Spatial Statistics tools, Hot Spot Analysis and Moran's I spatial autocorrelation have been used in Arc/GIS software.

According to the numerical output, Moran's index is equal to 0.071892, 0.144981, 0.633505 for the years 1385, 1390, 1395, respectively, and since its value is positive and tends to one, and according to If the p-value is zero and the calculated Z value (its absolute value) is large, then it is within the confidence limit, and as a result, the data have spatial autocorrelation. Therefore, the distribution pattern of inequality is a cluster.

In general, the result shows that the situation arises from a class distance, a duality in the city, and that the difference between the sexes in the time of the observation, and that it is necessary to keep a town management for themselves, at least of the necessary.

Inequality in development among different cities has recently been under consideration of regional planning’s culture, and it is yet to be known in our country. It might look easy to comment on the development and backwardness of different regions, but quantitative measurement of the development cannot be considered a simple work. The purpose of this article is to determine the development level of cities in Hamedan province and also to analyze regional inequalities in this province.  The research method used in this article is descriptive – analytical and the five indicators including; healthcare, social, cultural, educational, economical (agricultural – animal husbandry), and demographic structural occupation and infrastructural urban services have been studied. To determine the assumptions of the research and level of development of the cities, fuzzy logic techniques have been used. The fuzzy model has been designed in three phases to estimate the level of the development of cities each year. In the next stage, the trends of spatial inequalities for cities have been specified by Williamson’s differential coefficient model using the outputs of the fuzzy model. The level of development over 13 years (1380 – 1393) indicates that Hamedan with a developmental index of 0.65 is considered as the most developed city and Famenin with a development index of 0.29 is determined as the least developed one. The Pattern of the structure governing Hamedan region is determined as center- environs which requires authorities’ special attention to the equal distribution of facilities in the cities of the northern part of the province.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial inequalities of Ardabil province with emphasis on spatial justice. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the data collection method is documentary. The statistical population was the cities of Ardabil province. To analyze the spatial inequalities of regional development in the regions of Ardabil province, Similarity and Kapras models were used and to determine the prioritization strategy, the average ranking method was used. The results showed that the cities of Nir, Meshkinshahr and Ardabil with an average coefficient of 20.24, at the level of enjoyment, Moghan and Kowsar cities with an average coefficient of 3.57, semi-privileged, Khalkhal and Parsabad cities with an average coefficient of 2.67 and Sarein cities , Cocoon rider and Namin with an average coefficient of 1.67 are at a completely deprived level. According to the results of the study, the existence of spatial inequalities in different parts of the province was confirmed.

Housing as one of the basic human needs a significant impact on the health and improve the quality of life of individuals. The quality of housing as one of the main foundations of a comprehensive program and a necessary tool for expressing the various dimensions of economic, social, cultural, environmental and physical development of sustainable, has a special place in urban planning. The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial quality of housing quality in urban neighborhoods in central Zanjan city. The type of research is applied and descriptive-analytic in nature. The information gathering method was used by the library method (set of statistical blocks of 1395 and detailed plan of 1394). Combined methods of the Tedim model and the geographic information system are used to analyze the data. The results of the research show that inequalities are found among the middle areas of Zanjan city. In the residential areas, 18.91% of the low-quality housing, including the besim neighborhoods, ghabrestan balla, Vahdat, Khatam, Amadgah, Goljak Abad, 21.80% of the dwellings The relatively low quality of the ashaghi gabristan, the shahada, Meydan enghelab , alley waliasr, Niksazan, 22.71% of the average quality housing, including the district of the Forodgah, Rajaee Town, Amjadiyeh, Najaem, Qadas, Fateh, 17.43% of the relatively high quality housing Which includes eastern Ansariyah, Vahidieh, Shoghi, 17  Shahrivar, shahada masged, Goniyeh, Jachr('39')fariyah and ultimately Lots of Azadi, Ansarieh, Etemadieh, Black Alley, North Saadi 19.15% of the houses are of high quality.

The present research is applied and its method is descriptive-analytical and correlational. For data collection using documentary and field methods, using service and socio-economic indicators as well as using quantitative models and statistics models Space is in the year 1397. The purpose of the research is to analyze and evaluate the spatial inequalities in utilization of urban services in Abadan oil. The results show that the economically-socially developed districts and the distribution of urban services are mainly central areas around the refinery dependent on the oil industry, which are merely due to the dependence on the oil company employees and the support of the oil company and the standards and privileges required therein Most of the indicators are necessary and, in the opposite direction, the other parts of the city, which have been created organically as a result of the activities of the oil industry, lack or are deprived of the necessary facilities and services. From other research results, there is a positive, strong and significant relationship between economic and social development with the development of urban services in Abadan city, so that the existence of planned oil industry sectors that are both economically and socially progressive, both in terms of physical and service Planned areas and the existence of marginal areas, especially in eastern areas of Abadan, which are both socially and economically weak and vulnerable, and in terms of physical development, have been less concerned with urban management, the effect of this form of unfavorable and unfair distribution of indicators Urban services lead to some sort of separation And spatial inequalities been in Abadan.

Abstract Regional planning aimed at creating development and reducing inequality is one of the key issues in developing countries. Regional planning requires regional identification of each other in terms of development. Reducing inequality in utilizing resources, achievements and facilities of the community is one of the most important development criteria. The purpose of this article is to analyze the spatial inequalities and determine the level of development of coastal areas in the north of the country. The type of research is based on the applied objective and based on the nature and method of descriptive-analytic. The method of collecting library and document information. In this research, multi-criteria decision making models (SAW TOPSIS) and ARC GIS software have been used. The results showed that Tonekabon, Sinkelk, Savadkouh, Rasht, Gorgan, Sari, Bandar Gaz, Rudbar, Gonbad-Kavoos, Fereydunkenar, Chalous, Babolsar and Ramsar cities are in the category of perfect cities and cities of Babol, Kurdoki, Bandar Anzali, Langroud, Lahijan, Azadshahr, Mahmoudabad, Minoodasht, Amol, Rudsar and Behshahr. In the relatively high level, the cities of Nour, Kalaleh, Masal, Aghghala, Turkmen, Aliabad, Fouman, Ramayan, Marahtepeh, Summersa, Neka and Astaneh are named. Also, the cities of Gomishan, Golghah, Ghaemshahr, Abbasabad, Amlash, Shafts, Astara, Talesh, Galicheh, Noshahr, Rezvanshahr and Miandorud were ranked among the most deprived cities. Since the difference between the fully-deprived and completely deprived areas is very large in terms of development, it is suggested that the deprived areas are the best solution for using short and short-term programs to resolve problems.

Cities as the most important places to attract tourists play an important role in urban development.The aim of this study is to investigate the structural components affecting sustainable urban tourism. The research method is applied in terms of its purpose and is descriptive-analytical in terms of its implementation method.The statistical population of the study consisted of three groups of households, tourists and officials.To select the sample size,Cochran formula was used. Among the households, there were 360 questionnaires, 285 questionnaires in the tourists group and 50 questionnaires in relative group were selected. To analyze the data, Pearson correlation coefficient, regression test, Mick-Mac model and holsat model were used to determine the satisfaction of the performance of the astringent on the growth and development of tourism.The results of the HOLSAT model show that indicate that the highest level of satisfaction in the economic variable related to the component of obtaining experience with satisfaction level (1.23), in the related socio-cultural variable, the standard of living standard (0.5),in the environmental variable supporting the tourism areas (1.06) and in the institutional variable related to the activities of non-governmental organizations in the field of tourism (-0.66).The results of Pearson correlation coefficient show that all variables have a significant relationship with the growth and development of their tourism.Also, the results of multiple regression analysis showed that,for households, the variable of institutional structure with beta coefficient of 0.392,for variable tourists, the socio-cultural structure with beta coefficient was 0.542 and for the variable of environmental variable with the

Urbanization expansion and increasing urban population especially in developing countries with horizontal growth of cities have increased the need for land. This need especially in mountain countries such as Iran that its main part of smooth lands located in river beds, has been extended to flood zones inevitably. Mianeh city like all civic centers of Iran in past is located alongside water resources such as rivers. Today, increasing urban population and physical expanding of cities have increased the need for land for future physical development. This study aims at analyzing spatial-social inequalities in the face of flood hazard. This study according to aim is a scientific research and according to quiddity is a causal-adaptive research. Data were collected by 300 questionnaires and T-test and Chi-square were used to test hypothesis. According to these tests, there is a meaningful relationship between family average income and spatial-social inequalities in the face of flood hazard. Family with low income cannot afford to buy house in safe regions. Thus, they settle in accidental areas and family with high income settle in area far from flood hazard. Lack of paying attention to urbanization principles and criteria of choosing location has caused 28/8 hectare of Mianeh city area to be located in hazard Zone of Quri Chay River. Lack of paying attention to riverside and constructing residential places in riversides lead to river bed limitation and rising water level and finally causing many damages in flood courses.

Abstract The quality of life is one of the issues that have been studied in urban studies, including urban geography, urban, social sciences, psychology, economics, management, political science and… researchers. On this basis, in many developed countries planners are trying to display quality levels of life at different geographical levels to find optimal solutions for improving the quality of life in rural areas. This study examines the quality of urban life and its spatial differences in areas 1 and 19 Tehran. The present research method is based on thematic research and is descriptive - analytical and is considered in terms of applied purpose. The data collection method consists of documents (library) and survey (field) used in combination with qualitative and qualitative methods. According to the Cochran formula and according to the error coefficient of 5% for regions 1 and 19, 322 questionnaires were determined, formulated questionnaires were distributed among residents of two regions, and SPSSand GISsoftware were used to analyze the extracted data. The results show that between the two regions 1 and 19Tehran, spatial differences arise from the economic and social differences that exist between the two regions, and that makes a difference in the quality of life of the inhabitants of the two regions.

Abstract Rapid urbanization, services and health and care infrastructures inequalities between geographical regions have been led to imbalance in population and activities. Statistical populations of this research are 14 counties of Tehran province based on 2011 national political division. 57 indices from health and care section of national population and housing consensus of 2011 have been selected and analyzed. For assessing distribution of indices Coefficient of variant (C.V), for leveling TOPSIS, VIKOR, SAW, CAPLAND for combination of models, geographically weighted regression  to determining relationship between population and indices in the Arc GIS were used. The research findings indicate inappropriate distribution in the health and care indices between counties of Tehran province. Based on final leveling, Tehran and Firouzkouh are in first level, Damavand, Shemiranat, Robat-Karim, are placed in second level, and in third level, Pishva, Pakdasht and Ray are located. In turn, Islamshahr, Shahriar, and Varamin are in fourth level and finally, Malard, Qods and Baharestan are placed in fifth level. Finally, the results of GWR indicate that the relationship between people and factors distribution is positive in Tehran, Shemiranat, Firouzkouh, Damavand, Pakdasht, Robat-Karim but in turn, is negative in Pishva, Varamin, Ray, Islamshahr, Baharestan, Shahriar, Malard and Qods. These means that, the increase of population  were not equal to increase in facilities. Then,  spatial inequality in regional level is very high and are not in good consistent with concepts of social and spatial justice. Therefore, it is necessary to consider balanced distribution based on population and Geographical situation.

In today’s world, the economic and social inequalities are an increasing issue. Accordingly, one of the features of developing countries is the intense concentration and inequality. This common feature is due to the results of polar growth policies, therefore, the whole power and services are concentrated in one or some regions and other regions are functioning as marginal. Regional planning has been introduced to balance and form appropriate and standard spaces. The first step in regional planning is to recognize the economic, social, and cultural inequalities. In Iran, such inequalities have grown and one of the specific features of spatial development is the regional inequality because the arrangement and organization of geographical spaces have been designed according to the capitalism. Therefore, different regions of our country have developed unequally. While some of the significant cities have the maximum services, the other parts have not developed socially and economically. The inappropriate distribution of infrastructures and services is one of the important and fundamental deficiencies that is observable in tourism plans and researches within the Iranian context. The desirable tourism services and its optimum distribution to tourists and consumers can help balance the other functions of tourism. Therefore, based on this fact it is very essential to pay attention to equal distribution of services. Besides, because the correlation between supply (service providers) and demand (tourists) depends on the access to services, this matter has special complications. In this regard, the distribution of tourism services is more critical than the other services because it has a significant role in the mental well being of the tourists. Fars is one the most important centers of tourism in Iran and has numerous tourist attractions at regional, national, and international levels such as Pasargad, Perspolis, Naghshe Rostam, Naghshe Rajab, Hafiziyeh, Sadeyeh, etc. that attract a large population of tourists annually. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the balanced and optimum distribution of services in all the regions of the province. The balanced spatial distribution of services is one the most important indications of spatial justice, so, the tourism planners have the serious responsibility of bringing spatial balance to services and facilities. Thus, the goal of this research is firstly to apply the indicies of spatial statistics along with the analyses of geographical information systems to recognize the spatial inequality of tourism facilities in the province and, secondly, to provide the appropriate planning to balance the access to services. Finally, the present study aims to attain the social and spatial justice throughout Fars.
Methology: The research was an applied and descriptive-analytic research. In this study, we have used two spatial base units: the official unit (political districts of Fars) and the conventional unit (Fishnet) or Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP). To analyze the data as well as the extensive use of geographical information system techniques such as combination of maps, adjoining the layers to base units, spatial statistics such as spatial correlation technique, Moran index, G statistic, average center, and standard deviation curve have been used.
To analyze the spatial distribution of tourism services in Fars, at first, the tourism services criteria and indexes were specified and then the required data were collected from the relevant organizations. The criteria and indexes that were used in this study consist of commercial services (fast food restaurants & supermarkets), reception services (welfare services complexes), accessory services (petrol stations & car washes), human infrastructures (police stations, cultural, & religious centers of a town or village), and tourism attractions (historical, natural, and religious). Finally, the data of base layers were added and thematic maps, distribution of services, and the tourist attractions of the province and the amount of spatial statistics and their results were sketched.
The findings of this research demonstrate that the tourism services in Fars are totally distributed unfairly and the sketched maps confirm this matter, too. The results of spatial statistics show that the commercial, reception, and accessory services have weak correlation and also have followed the cluster pattern. The maximum density of these services is located in central parts of the province and in Shiraz, Marvdasht, Zaraghan, and Arjan. Also, the human infrastructures have excessive density in the northern parts of the province. The tourism attractions are concentrated in central parts of the province. Therefore, the tourism services are located in the central parts such as the Shiraz and its surroundings but the south and southwest parts of the province have the minimum facilities. Besides, it is necessary to be mentioned that the elongation of the standard deviation curve of services is northwest- southeast. In this study the official and conventional base units have been applied. The application of conventional base units is more suitable than the official ones because our information has homogeneous spatial patterns that reduce the geographical distortions. Moreover, the use of spatial statistics and the features of geographical information system in distribution of services in the areas can help the planners to eliminate the spatial inequalities.

The innovation and knowledge creation is a vital and extensive research area in the contemporary regional development planning. Many countries have realized the importance of this issue and have tried to strengthen the knowledge-based sectors of the economy. As well, we have taken steps to a knowledge-based development in the past years in Iran. Consequently, some changes in the country and the role of the Provinces in the process of this change are being emerged. Considering these changes, the main objective of this paper is to assess and compare the role of knowledge in the 31 Iran Provinces to realize the role and importance of knowledge in each Province. This study, with descriptive-analytical research method and using available statistical data (mostly the year 1390), by using fuzzy and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) analysis tools in ArcGIS as well as SPSS analytical tools, has investigated the implications of these changes and attempts to determine the position of the each Province in the process of knowledge-based development. For this purpose, according to the criteria used in similar studies, as well as with regard to access to data and information relating to these measures, 15 indicators were selected in 4 index groups. Accordingly, 31 provinces were ranked and classified into six clusters using cluster analysis. The results show that there is a sever imbalance between the Provinces in potential of the knowledge-based development. Tehran, far from other provinces, is in the first place, and then the provinces of Qom, Isfahan, and Semnan are located in rank 2 to 4. Also, at the bottom of the ranking table, three provinces of Kurdistan, Sistan and Baluchistan, and North Khorasan are located in 29 to 31 places, respectively. This trend reflects the formation of center-periphery relations in the spatial knowledge-based development that implies the necessity of reviewing policies and programs among policymakers to reduce the gaps between county’s regions.

Better understanding and recognizing the amount of cultural development in Iranian provinces and comparing them, causes a particular attention and helps to recognize their weaknesses, strengths, potentialities and deficiencies. The purpose of this paper is to analyze cultural development indicators in Iran. The writers of this article present an applied research and use a comparative method. Using deductive surveying and research methods, the writers of this article have attempted to show the lack of balance in the distribution of cultural services and specifically present suggestions and guidelines for achieving the optimum condition. The findings of this research could be significant in regional planning.