جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « همبستگی اجتماعی » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Emile Durkheim's approach is based on finding something that keeps people together in a society. We believe that ritual functions can be considered as a stimulus for collective formation. The research method is descriptive-analytical based on a field survey (questionnaire). The statistics of the present research are citizens and business people. Their number is unknown. According to Cochran's formula method, 350 people were questioned as a sample. In order to recognize the impact and significant relationship of social solidarity indicators with ritual codes of study, the sample t-tech statistical test and Pearson's correlation were used using SPSS software. The results showed that among the indicators of social solidarity, the variables of belonging to historical and traditional contexts, promoting identity, recalling collective memories, feeling happy and alive, accessibility, social communication and interactions, and sense of security, respectively, with an average of 4.09, 3.80, 3.73, 3.57, 3.46, 3.39, 3.35 had had the most significant impact in promoting ritual functions. The drivers of the ritual functions of space are more affected than we mentioned, while lack of furniture reinforcement, reducing the attractiveness of the entrance and proper flooring, none participating in the reconstruction and preservation of identity buildings, lack of cleanliness, lack of installation of guide signs as a problem must have considered. Findings showed that the more the quality of the visual and physical signs of the space improves in terms of symmetry and physical unity, the more significant the impact will be on the continuation of the formation and promotion of the study-oriented ritual functions and vice versa

Nowadays, the social aspects of cities have become a focus of urban planners. In urban planning, we need to move from a purely physical perspective to a multidimensional one that encompasses all dimensions. On the other hand, the neighborhood is one of the tools of urban planning; in fact, neighborhoods are more social and cultural units than geographical and physical ones. In the present study, considering the importance of social dimensions in urban
planning, the factor of diversity of social identities in the city and the threatening factors of social cohesion at the neighborhood level of Mahshahr have been investigated. Accordingly, based on the descriptive-analytical method and field studies, the factor of social cohesion in the Mahshahr neighborhood was examined. Initially, two areas of old and new Mahshahr were selected as two neighborhoods, and then the questionnaire was randomly distributed among the residents of the neighborhood. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software, and using t-test and Pearson, the significant relationship between the components was investigated. The results show that social variables have a stronger relationship with the cohesion factor with a high correlation strength and a decrease in high error, and tribalism is recognized as the
most important factor threatening social cohesion in the region.

The mosque in Islam, the oldest institution in its history, plays a crucial role in shaping the concept of an Islamic city. The mosque is the most important symbol of the Islamic city in terms of landscape architecture and urban structure. However, the realization of an Islamic city requires attention to other aspects of the mosque as well. In today's era, especially in developing countries, a lack of trust and attention to societal needs can be seen in the lives of most city dwellers. As Islamic cities grow and transform into social centers, they often experience a decline in social solidarity and civic engagement, disrupting the system of collective relations and its functions. Therefore, it is essential to plan to increase social solidarity and prioritize these issues to raise social capital in cities.Among the places that can be effective in this field are mosques. By relying on Islamic teachings, mosques can help instill a sense of identity among citizens and significantly impact social solidarity and the development of Islamic cities, laying the foundation for a new Islamic civilization. This article is part of qualitative and applied research, conducted using library and documentation methods, aiming to explain the role of the mosque in achieving social solidarity and developing Islamic cities. The main question posed is: What is the role of the mosque in realizing social solidarity and the development of the Islamic city?The research findings show that mosques play a role beyond their physical presence in the emergence of Islamic cities. Mosques have various functions beyond religious use, and in the absence of alternative social and cultural institutions and spatial solutions in Islamic cities, the potential of the mosque as a religious and social center can be utilized to foster unity among citizens and promote social solidarity. This phenomenon has gradually spread to other Islamic cities due to their shared Islamic identity. Proper use of mosques can address many social problems of citizens in Islamic cities and contribute to their development. 

Today, the social context of Islamic neighborhoods and cities is very weak in terms of capital and assets derived from the network of residents' relations and how they interact with each other, and people should be addressed as people rather than citizens. The absence or lack of opportunities for citizen participation in the administration of the city has made them isolated. For this reason, it is necessary to look for elements in Islamic cities that are effective in realizing the title of Islamic city and its development and social solidarity. Religion is the deepest, truest and most enduring thing that can lead people to internal social solidarity, and this internal collective consensus is a prerequisite for social solidarity based on external indicators. And of course, the religion of Islam is no exception to this rule and having a social base such as mosques can play a significant role in this regard. Mosque in Islamic civilization can intervene in the urban body, pave the way for the realization of the title of Islamic city and also due to having various functions, including in social fields, can increase the rate of social solidarity. Furthermore, it should be noted that in Islamic cities, mosques have different types such as neighborhood mosque, city mosque and mosque.

According to the objectives and components under study, the type of applied research has been used in a library and documentary manner, and the method used in this paper has been a qualitative review method. Which has been compiled with the aim of explaining the position and role of the mosque in the realization of social solidarity and development of Islamic cities. The main question raised in this study is what is the position of the mosque in achieving social solidarity and development of the Islamic.

The main element and pillar of the pillar in the Islamic city is man. Because no city can be created without human beings, human beings can also have a direct influence on other pillars and elements in the design and construction of cities, namely law and body. The next pillar in the realization of the Islamic city is the law. Now, for the emergence of an Islamic city in which a pious person lives, there is a need for a law that meets the needs of this person and its implementation will cause the comfort and progress of the inhabitants of the city in material and spiritual matters. The third pillar is the urban body. This body should have a different function from other cities, so that the Muslim residents of the city, not only did not suffer from seeing these monuments and buildings on a daily basis, but watching this body all day long reminds them of Islamic thought and moves them forward in material things. And spirituality and humanity.An important point in the architecture of mosques is the height of the mosque, which is usually taller than other buildings in the neighborhood and the city. The Muslim inhabitants of the city to be effective in moving forward and progressing materially and spiritually.
In order to create social solidarity in the Islamic city, it is necessary to pay attention to points such as trust among citizens, participation and social cohesion among citizens, because these matters are the main structure of the social solidarity. One of the main effective factors in creating social solidarity is trust. It is among the citizens, so in the neighborhoods of Islamic cities, if there are centers where the people of that neighborhood gather; Such as cultural centers, mosques, etc. can be effective in creating this trust among the people. The second factor in creating social solidarity is participation among citizens. Matters such as participating in decision-making and decision-making, paying attention to solving the problems of the neighborhood and participating in solving them due to the awareness of neighborhood citizens about these issues, as well as being valuable and paying attention to the opinions of elders and trustees Respect of local trustees for the demands and opinions of residents, creates a sense of ownership and motivates citizens to participate in the development of the neighborhood and, consequently, the city. Mosques, because they have a special place among the citizens of the Islamic city, can be a good place to gather, express and take care of neighborhood and city affairs, and thus become a place to create social solidarity among citizens.
It should be noted that mosques are not one-dimensional and are not just a place for Muslim worship, but in fact a place for a Muslim community in a city, and this community can be active in various fields, the most important of which are: The place of worship is the place of holding religious ceremonies and occasions, promoting the practical principles and theoretical foundations of Islam in worldly and otherworldly affairs, teaching Islamic ethics and finally the place of training a perfect human being in material and spiritual dimensions. The architecture of mosques and their location as a neighborhood mosque, city mosque and mosque should be in a way that, in addition to its formation and impact on the creation of the body of the Islamic city, is also reminiscent of the Islamic concepts mentioned. Because the realization and development of Islamic cities requires a special look at mosques. If the mosque can be active in all the mentioned dimensions, it can definitely play a role in the development of Islamic cities, because by cultivating committed people and encouraging them to gain expertise in other specialized and academic centers and by implementing it, It can revive the spirit of Islam in the whole city and be the basis for the development of the Islamic city in every sense.

As long as the values of a society and the realities of an environment are compatible, society is free from social tensions and anomalies. Such a society can restore and maintain its social solidarity with the focus on mosques without experiencing social tensions and disruptions, and without being affected by new phenomena.By developing an urban planning policy based on the sense of ownership of the people, we can increase the rate of social solidarity among citizens, and thus take positive steps in achieving a healthy, safe, vibrant, identity-friendly neighborhood suitable for Muslim life. picked up.According to Durkheim's theory, the degree of religiosity of individuals is directly related to their social solidarity. People can come together and further help to solve most of the social problems of citizens in Islamic cities with a focus on mosques, can ultimately lead to the development of Islamic cities.

Social capital plays an important role in increasing bioavailability, which undoubtedly is the main goal of all planning and development, including rural planning and development. This research is an applied and descriptive-analytical approach that is conducted with a sample of 355 people among the people of Kurdish villages in Rudbar city. The data gathering tool in this research included: library studies for gathering information about research literature and then field research through observation and questionnaire. The statistical population of the study is Kurdish villages of Guilan province in Rudbar with 12 villages and 2955 population (according to the census of 1395). The number of samples was determined using the Morgan table, 340 people were selected. To increase the level of confidence and reduce the error in the data, the number of samples was increased and 355 questionnaires were completed The research was used to systematically explain the factors influencing location and achieve a comprehensive model of multivariate path analysis. The direct and indirect effects of the variables discussed were studied in a model. The results of the research indicate that the physical variables of spatial belonging (0.445), the dimension of social capital trust (0.126), the environmental dimension of spatial attachment (0.168), spatial sense of belonging dimension (0.99), social correlation dimension And then social capital participation is the most important factors that directly affect the location of the villagers' affiliation.

The fundamental changes in lifestyle all over the world have also affected the tourism industry. Tourism has moved away from museums and historical places and has stepped into new realms that free people from their daily life (and maybe their boredom).Human diversity and perfectionism can perhaps be considered as his most important tool that has led to his progress. Man always criticizes his situation and looks for a different experience that will improve his current situation. This principle is also seen in tourism.  New generation tourists travel to different countries and cities with cultural-biological diversity to experience a different life in a different cultural context. Stay in eco-hotels, participate in cooking with the locals, participate in their rituals and celebrations, and generally experience different cultural-biological experiences up close. Now, our new cities and lifestyle have become like other peoples of the world, which attracts less tourists. Current life in traditional neighborhoods and The villages of Iran, derived from the culture and environmental conditions, are attractive and diverse, which can tempt the tourist to experience. What is this factor that has given life to the neighborhood and brought tourists from around the world to touch it?

The research method was analytical -explanative survey type. It can be said that studied population in this study consists of all youth living in rural areas of Ardabil County in 2017 (N=85053), among which 383 persons were selected as statistical sample using Cochran formula. Sample size was determined based on the Cochran’s formula and the required data were collected through questionnaires. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by professors and experts and its reliability was determined based on Cronbach's alpha (0.84-0.91). Result and Disscusion: in order to analyze the data, factor analysis model was used and the results of this model showed the most important factors impowerment of social consrnsus in studied region includes four components (social empowerment and territorial belonging, reinforcment of satisfication and information, confidence building and instituational capacity-building and reinforcment of economy infrastructure and pyschological empowerment) that explained variance and the cumulative variance by the five factors 58.17.

Increasing community relations in residential neighbourhoods is part of mechanisms of improving residents’ health and wellbeing. It provides a great opportunity for designers and planners to achieve high quality and sustainable residential developments. Certain characteristics of the neighbourhood can affect residents’ behaviour in the neighbourhood environment. The current study focuses on the impact of street permeability and accessibility on residents’ social cohesion and health in a sample of 271 residents in Penang, Malaysia. The study is quantitative in nature and is based on both descriptive and inferential statistics. The required information was collected based on on-site observation and a questionnaire survey. Four research hypotheses were advanced and tested using the structural equation modelling on a priori hypothesised conceptual model. We also investigated the mediating effect of social cohesion on the relationship between permeability and health. This study employed the structural equation modelling approach to analyse the data using SPSS and AMOS software. The results of analysis indicated that permeability has significant impacts on social cohesion and health. Findings also indicated that social cohesion mediates the relationship between permeability and health. Residents living in highly permeable streets are more likely to receive a low social cohesion and health, meaning that those living in cul-de-sacs perceived higher levels of social cohesion and subsequently, higher health than those living in through roads. This suggests that road hierarchy in residential areas has positive impact on social cohesion and health. Therefore, based on the study findings, we suggest that local planning authorities need to pay attention to some important matters of neighbourhoods such as street permeability and road hierarchy.

Physical construction pattern is the simplest way to reach social correlation. Social correlation is the result of social interaction which is qualitatively and quantitatively broader and deeper in social network at neighborhood level. What helps effectively to develop social correlation at neighborhood level , is the physical quality of those places which leads to presence of the residents and social interaction . Urban physical interaction affects how and to what extent these relations are developed . In other words , social organization of urban neighborhoods is a spirit insufflated into the body of the neighborhood. There is no doubt its quality and health depends on the role of physical structure on correlation formation and physical health. Therefore the present study aims to socially investigate Ghasrodasht neighborhood in Shiraz.This research is an analytical-descriptive study done in Ghasrodasht neighborhood , Shiraz with 365Representative participants. Data was analyzed using SPSS software and Pearson Correlation coefficient , and Stepwise Regression . The results show that social correlation components and their relation with physical structure is significant. Also among social unity correlation, participation and sense of belonging, social unity has the most and sense of belonging has the leas effect on social correlation. Based on what was mentioned , neighborhoods in which social occasions have been formed after so many years and due to face to face interaction among the inhabitants, there can be seen high level of trust, security, mutual interaction, correlation and social unity.

In the present urbanization, especially in developing societies which­ lack of trust and isolation affected the lives of the majority of citizens, efforts for social alliance and raising social capital in the cities are of most important goals of planners and urban managers. For this purpose, by relying on its material and spiritual means, religion has a role to play in raising the sense of belonging and social trust and­ most of all, it can create social cohesion and alliance among citizens. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of religious centers, especially mosque, in building alliance among citizens with the social capital approach in the mosque of the city of Ferdowsi-eh, Shahryar town. The research community consists of all citizens of the city of Ferdowsi-eh­. The tool of data gathering was questionnaire to do this research, 341 questionnaires were distributed among citizens according to the size of the determined sample through the Morgan table. For data analysis, ­modeling structural equations with partial least squares approach (PLS) has been utilized through smartpls.2 software used. The results of the research showed that the created model was suitable for establishing alliance among citizens, and the proposed factors are well able to measure the proposed concept. ­The factor loads obtained for the observed variables were higher than 0.5 and the constructions had a good validity and reliability; also, based on the model created through the structural model, trust and participation had a significant and positive correlation with social alliance, while social cohesion had no significant relationship with social alliance.

Citizens’ social activities in urban public spaces are the source of social cohesion in urban structure and urban space is the most fundamental place for formation of social cohesion. Stability and continuation of social and cultural life of one society depend on cohesion between parts of social structures of that society. Solidarity is agreement between beliefs and ideas and it is born in social progress and is the result of rational action. Decreases of social cohesion in new metropolitan especially in cities of developing countries attract the attention of urban planners a lot. What attract less attention in these days’ cities are the spaces with ability of being start of point for formation of face to face interactions so we decided to investigate the role of urban spaces in formation of social cohesion. 356 Questionnaire completed in peripheral site of Karim khan Zand palace. SPSS software was used for data analysis. According to the questionnaire and literature study Indexing was done. The correlation coefficients, multiple regressions with enter method and factor analyses were used to analyze the data. Regression analysis showed that the selected variables in urban areas have an important role in the formation of Social Cohesion. Using factor analysis, it was found that the social trust, Collective consciousness and social participation the most influence in the development and increase of Social Cohesion in urban areas. The results between content and form showed that the formation of social Cohesion plays a dominant role in containing urban space.

In recent years، rural housing has gone through huge changes. This paper will attempt to investigate the effect of social changes in the lives of villagers on rural housing patterns. This study is an applied research and it used descriptive - analytic method for analysis، the major part of data collection was based on field studies and sampling (Cochran). The population from which the participants were selected for this study included 232 households in the scope of the study. Findings according to the results of Pearson correlation tests indicated that there existed a significant and fairly strong relation (0. 427) between social change index and rural housing pattern. So that social changes indicator would determine 35. 4% of the variability in rural housing pattern. Prevalence of consumerism tendency solely would justify 42. 7% changes in rural housing pattern. In Route analysis، this index had the greatest impact on the factors of housing quality and architectural plans with the coefficients of 0. 45 and 0. 42. In spatial distribution، there is a direct correlation between social changes and rural housing pattern in six villages. Research limitation: One of the main challenges in this study is to access the information of rural housing pattern. Practical implications: Regarding the findings، strategies such as paying attention to interaction and social solidarity of rural inhabitants in construction، relying on local and ethnic culture in the region، reducing dependence of cities in rural housing، and so on، have been proposed. Original/value: The importance of this research is to recognize the impacts of changes on rural housing pattern due to technology invasion and the influence of urban culture، so that actions could be done to control this process and retain the traditional architectural pattern which suits the needs of contemporary life.

Social Capital could be considered as one of the indicators in the concept of Sustainable Development; hence، in a sustainable society، a higher degree of social capital would be expected. But Social Capital is the product social interactions (both quantitatively and qualitatively)، which could be mainly obtained through the Social Networks in urban communities. Meanwhile، the sense of Social Cohesion، Social Trust and Social Control، all of which are today considered as the significant components of Social Capital، especially in the theoretical and literature debates، are formed and organized in Urban Communities. The best known means to build Social Capital components in urban neighborhoods and communities، would be the physical and spatial qualities of the place through which the Social Network would occur at the community as a result of the formation of more desirable Social Interactions. The local mosque، central plaza and park، sidewalks، streets، shops، etc. are some kinds of places in which we could expect these interactions to happen. Therefore، the physical quality of urban space would be obviously a decisive issue in the formation of these relationships. In other words، the Social Organization in Urban Communities would be considered as a spirit blown into its corps، its physical aspect and undoubtedly، its health and state would therefore depend on the physical aspects of the neighborhood. Reviewing and analyzing the literature for the concept of Social Capital and its components، in this paper، we would be expressing the role of the urban communities’ physical structure in creating Social Capital in order to achieve some guidelines based on researches and queries.