جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "کالبد شهری" در نشریات گروه "جغرافیا"

The urban body consists of buildings, streets, equipment, facilities, road network and city furniture, which are considered as the main components of the city. The quality of the characteristics of the city's body has an effect on the lives of the residents. Just as the shape and evolution of cities over time has caused demographic and economic changes and urban development measures, and these changes have created certain problems and issues in cities, and one of the important issues of cities is the culture of citizens. In this regard, the present study is a comparative study of the impact of the urban body on the culture of citizenship in the cities of Kashan and Yasouj.

Descriptive-analytical research method and information was collected using questionnaire tool. The sample size was 384 questionnaires calculated by Cochran's formula and according to the population of the statistical population, 266 people were distributed for Kashan city and 118 people for Yasuj city. SPSS and AMOS software were used for data analysis and structural equation modeling.

The findings show that among the indicators of the urban body (furniture, roads and readability of the city) in Kashan city with a weight of 0.93 and the urban transportation factor in Yasuj city with a weight of 0.81 and among the indicators of citizenship culture, it is a joint factor. Social responsibility in Kashan city with a weight of 0.81 and in Yasuj city with a weight of 0.79 have the highest factor loads. Also, the coefficient of influence of urban body on citizen culture was 0.33 in Kashan city and 0.21 in Yasuj city.

The results of the research explain the significant relationship between the indicators of the urban body and the dimensions of citizenship culture in the cities of Kashan and Yasouj. Therefore, after a more detailed analysis, it was determined that among the indicators of the urban body, respectively, the factor (furniture, roads, and readability of the city) and the factor of urban transportation are more important than other indicators in the opinion of the people of Kashan and Yasouj cities, and the overall estimation of the indicators of citizenship culture It showed that the two cities of Kashan and Yasouj need more strengthening in terms of the tendency to follow the law and environmental behavior.

The fabric of historical neighborhoods in the middle of the structure of today's cities is a symbol of the city as a whole and its identity. Protecting these areas can be effective in promoting cultural diversity and fighting poverty, and bring cultural identity and quality of life to city residents. The preservation of old buildings cannot be separated from the local population that gives meaning to those historic areas. The inhabitants of historical contexts should be aware of the quality of their living conditions and encourage them to transfer their valuable identity to future generations. The new functions of contemporary cities and towns must be compatible with the old functions. Therefore, this lack of harmony between the texture of old neighborhoods and the type of social structure is one of the most important urban issues in dealing with historical textures. the existence of social problems whose origin is the way managers deal with historical contexts; It is the main subject of this research. The purpose of this research is to deal with the social damages of this part of the historical context of Kerman city, considering its connection to the living contemporary urban context.

The research is of a descriptive-analytical type and has been implemented using the citation method. According to the field information collected in the field of physical and social system, the problems have been categorized and analyzed in the context of the market complex around Kerman Citadel Square as the central core of the historical context.

The context of Qala Mahmoud neighborhood, located in the southern part of Arg square, had non-native and immigrant inhabitants, which, unfortunately, has been abandoned due to the negligence of the authorities and of course the lack of awareness of the people, and has become one of the gathering places for drug addicts and Afghan immigrants. Also, the order of the market, which is almost inactive, is affected by this social context.

Finally, it was stated that physical, economic, social and cultural problems have an effect on each other and cannot be seen separately. Especially in the context of this neighborhood, where part of the neighborhood is active only during the day, and this has caused the lack of harmony between the body structure and the social system.

One aspect of the sustainability of urban development is balanced physical development in line with environmental, ecological, and socio-economic conditions. In the last decades of the twentieth century, despite many efforts in the field of sustainable physical-spatial development of cities, this issue still remains one of the major challenges for geographers, urban planners, architects and urban planners. In many developing countries, accelerated urbanization and increasing urban populations have exacerbated environmental hazards. This is doubly important in small towns. Physical development, in addition to changing land use, has severely limited the basic needs of urban society, including the provision of safe and adequate water, per capita green space, urban waste management and environmental pollution. The aim of this study is to analyze the role of physical development on the instability of urban development from an environmental perspective in the city of Sorkhrud, using a descriptive-analytical method. To do this, first the physical development of the city using the Shannon entropy model was examined and then the role of physical development on environmental problems was evaluated through three components and seven criteria. The three components include; physical, functional and environmental, and the seven criteria were observance of standard land uses, urban furniture, observance of building height, urban green space, maintaining soil balance, land use change of agricultural land. The results suggest that unbalanced physical development has led to unorganized environmental instability in the city, such as land use change and increased environmental pollution. Green space development is the best option for moderating unbalanced physical development.

Is a traditional Islamic dedication, according to which individuals and legal entities give part or all of their property to a state or private organization. This tradition has gained ground in Islamic ideology and has played a significant role in the development of Islamic cities. According to their worldview, The environment has always been interactive and influenced by each other. The effect of the worldview derived from religion on the creation of geographic landslides, especially in Islamic cities, has been of great importance. The waqf phenomenon as one of the forces of the city of Afarin and the facade of the Iranian-Islamic cities has had a great influence on shaping human artifacts and the formation of the physical spaces of cities. The endowment lands have also been influenced by their impact on the physical development of cities, as they have become out of the state during the physical development of the city (bayer, agriculture, gardens, etc.) and turned into urban texture. In this article, the city of Miami is considered as a small town in the province of Semnan, the main part of which is the endowment. By converting the city as the city center, the city quickly expanded and the lands of the endowment of agriculture changed their nature and turned into new urban landscapes. This paper tries to explore the role of waqf in shaping the general space of Islamic cities, especially the studied city, by relying on the field method and using the GIS technique.

Identification of environmental and locational factors of criminality and making efforts to remove these factors or reduce their effects is a solution for immunity and prevention of known anomalies. Social anomalies, in every way that committed by humans, have a bed and a space and time backgrounds that distinguishes these behaviors from each other. Hence, difference in the locational structure and behavioral features of individuals, alongside the factor of time, lead to formation of different space-time patterns of crimes in the unit of place. Increase of crimes in the cities has not only led to insecurity, chaos and disturbance to the lives of citizens, but also the public sector of the society has spent a lot of budget and expenditure, forces and time on investigation of crimes, capturing of criminals, doing justice to them, holding them, and also on punishing them. The notable point is identification of crime centers in the cities, analyzing their structural problems, cultural and social characteristics of residents of these areas or users of such neighborhoods, so that in this way, by following the required policies and solutions, delinquents could be controlled. It is possible to prevent many of the crimes especially by creating fundamental changes in the forming or facilitating elements of crimes, and also by appropriate designing of vulnerable spaces in order to change them into resistant spaces against delinquency. Therefore, in this survey, the most attention in the crime areas is on the visual factors and on the structure of the city. According to what was said and with the objective of identifying crime centers in the delinquency of drug use and traffic in the city of Esfarayen, this article tries to answer these questions: 1. Have environmental and visual elements in the cities led to rise of crimes in different areas? What solutions could be planned to decrease crimes and existing anomalies?
Methods and Materials: In terms of objectives, this study is an applied study, and in terms of methodology, it is descriptive-analytical in which, data collection about the rise of crimes has been done by the use of library as well as field studies. Statistical population of the study includes all family heads in the city of Esfarayen who were 17049 members. Out of this population, 150 individuals were selected as the sample size by the use of simple random sampling. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for determining the sustainabiity level of the questionnaire was 0.86 and the validity of the questionnaire tool was also confirmed by using the views of experts in this field and summarizing the dimensions, components and variables effective with Delphi collective wisdom and performing pre-test. Also, SPSS software was used as statistical analytical software to analyze the required data and ArcGIS software was used to draw up required maps.

The most important objective of the study is identification of crime-rising centers and regions that have the potentials for crimes and delinquency and also achieving results showing the relationship between structure and physical texture of the city with the level of crimes. Therefore, the most important crimes which were studied in the city of Esfarayen are fight, family disputes, robbery, addiction and social delinquencies. One form of the crimes within the five types of urban crimes is the crimes related to beating, injuring individuals, fight, etc. Mixture of different rural and urban lifestyles, existence of people with different ethnic backgrounds and different dialects, vastness of household dimensions, inappropriate structural patterns, and narrowness of alleys and pathways which makes them too much crowded, are some of the factors that have led to increase of committing different types of crimes including crimes against individuals. Another one of the crimes discussed in this study is the crimes related to families. It seems that economic weakness and inability to earn a livelihood, too much concentration of population, and cultural issues are some of the factors that are effective in highness of the percentage of these anomalies. Crimes such as robbery and burglary from cars, shops and houses are some of the important crimes in the city of Esfarayen. Crimes related to stealing have direct relationship with economic situation in such a way that as economic poverty grows higher, the crimes related to stealing also grow higher. The crimes related to addiction are another form of the important crimes in Esfarayen. In addition to that, lack of control and regular and effective police patrol in the crime-rising residential areas, inappropriate structural patterns, oldness of the texture of the areas, too much concentration in some areas, and specially unemployment are some of the factors that seem to be effective in this regard. Frustration could be mentioned as the most negative effect of the environment on the individuals. Many factors are effective on formation of frustration. The most important ones are related to lack of relationship between elements (element and background; element and the user; space and situation; and also material and application), hence, these elements should receive the most consideration in the urban environments.

The city of Esfarayen, as one of the big cities in the Northern Khurasan, includes many varieties in terms of the type of crime and its spatial distribution in different regions and areas. The urban environment is effective on committing illegal actions. This study shows that the most negative environmental effect has happened respectively in Imam Reza (A), Imam Khomeini (A), and Sheikh Azari streets; and the most positive environmental effect has appeared in Esfarayeni Street. Also, the most frequent types of crimes in the urban regions are respectively fight, household disputes, robbery, drug traffic, and social corruption. Frustration is the most outstanding reason for committing crimes. Therefore, if closer attention is paid to environmental factors by the city authorities, a considerable part of the urban crimes could be reduced, and steps can be taken for betterment of the urban environment and provided an environment suitable for human life for citizens.

In compare to driving, cycling and other transportation modes, people pay more attention to their surrounding and connect with the environment while they are walking. Therefore, urban elements closed to the walking paths should be considered as very important elements. Pedestrians, while talking and shopping, accept more impacts from the environment and its characters than any other occasions. Separating the pedestrian spaces from roadways and streets can decrease the effects of noise and environmental pollutions and finally improve the issue of commuting in the city. The present study focuses on designing and constructing five pedestrian zones in metropolitan of Tehran and investigates their functions on urban structure. In the present study, attention is paid to five pedestrian zones of Tehran metropolitan to investigate their effects on urban structure. To do this, the emphasis of the present study is on changes occurred in three criteria including: “urban commuting space”, “green space and environmental health”, and “urban identity”, after construction of the pedestrian zones. Main required data were collected from the questionnaire designed and completed by the local businessmen community and pedestrian zone users. Field and documentary data were used as well. The sample included 350 questionnaires selected by Cochran formula. The results indicated that the studied areas have already moved towards a homogeneous situation due to the construction of pedestrian zones. Also, in one-way analysis of variance, five pedestrian zones showed a significant difference of improvement among the criteria, which means that there is a functional difference between some of them.