جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « arc gis » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Today's metropolises are always exposed to damage caused by natural hazards for various reasons. These risks require immediate prevention and measures due to the many human and financial damages. One of the most destructive and common natural disasters is the earthquake, which has caused the greatest damage to human society from the past to the present day.Several studies have been conducted in relation to the resilience and management of natural hazards at home and abroad; Among these studies, we can refer to the researches of Ebrahimzadeh et al. with the title of analysis on the vulnerability caused by earthquakes with emphasis on providing the optimal model for the location of special uses for health care and education, a case study of the worn out fabric of Tabriz city. Mansour Naimi et al.'s research titled "Earthquake Risk Microzoning with Fuzzy Hierarchy Analysis Model in Zone 1 of Ahvaz Metropolis", Alexander with a research titled "Resilience against Earthquake", Kusumastoti et al. Natural Indonesia as well as the doctoral thesis of Boston in relation to building resilience through design with the approach of improving the efficiency of hospitals after earthquakes.Resilience as a concept can be used for any community and any type of disorder, whether natural, man-made or a combination of the two. The definition of resilience includes: 1. The ability of a system to absorb damage and loss, without going out of normal state 2. The ability of a system to organize and reorganize itself in different conditions 3. The ability of a system to increase and create Capacity to learn and strengthen its adaptability.Vulnerability is the possibility that a person or group is exposed to the incompatible effects of a hazard, which is actually an interaction between spatial hazards and social forms of societies.One of the goals of this project is to provide solutions to improve resilience according to the results and the strengths and weaknesses of Khalkhal city. Knowing the characteristics of the resilient city, measuring the level of urban resilience and also determining the effective methods of evaluating the resilience of Khalkhal city are among the main reasons for conducting the present research.

The method of collecting information in this research is mainly field and library method was also used during the research. In this research, first, the theoretical framework of the research was done by collecting information using documentary studies.In the following, in order to check the degree of resilience of the studied cities by examining previous researches, criteria and sub-criteria of resilience were determined; Then, in order to analyze the data, from weighting to the research indicators, the ANP network analysis model was used in the form of Super Decision software, and in the Arc GIS environment, after preparing a vulnerability map for each criterion, using the technique of layer weighting and scoring the main and sub criteria. Its criteria have been used to prepare the final map of the natural index of Khalkhal city in Arc GIS software.Considering that some criteria are more important than other criteria and had a decisive role in the physical resilience of the city, a questionnaire was prepared to determine the relative importance of each of the indicators and it was distributed and completed among 15 expert experts.

It should be mentioned here that in order to evaluate the natural resilience of Khalkhal city, all the layers and sub-criteria effective in the natural resilience of the region, which was the result of applying the weights obtained from ANP in the GIS environment, were analyzed and integrated, and then after standardizing all the indicators and using From the weight obtained from the network analysis model (ANP), standard balanced maps were prepared and finally zoning of resilient urban spaces. Therefore, at this stage, the resilience of the natural dimension was calculated using the Raster Calculator tool to be used in the final zoning of this dimension of resilience. This process was carried out for each index, and finally, the general natural resilience map of Khalkhal city, which is the result of combining 8 sub-criteria of the research, was extracted.

In the researches that are formed with the aim of analyzing the state of resilience, the most important issue that should be paid attention to is the analysis of vulnerability and the recognition of upcoming threats in order to identify the capacity and capabilities of resilience. The city of Khalkhal has little resilience against the earthquake crisis due to its geographical and tectonic location, numerous active faults, the irregular growth of the city in the boundaries of the faults and unstable lands, so planning to deal with this risk is considered vital. The current research aims to measure and evaluate the natural resilience of Khalkhal city against different earthquake intensities and to achieve the first step of planning to deal with the earthquake crisis, which is to identify the overall resilience of the city. In this research, using standard indicators, the degree of vulnerability of Khalkhal city has been determined, and taking into account the results of the methods and combining them with the geographic information system, the vulnerability map of the city has been drawn. According to the final map, which is the output of GIS software, it can be said that the western part of the city is naturally highly vulnerable. In the current research, it was determined that the conditions in the western part of Khalkhal city are critical and during an earthquake, the number of casualties and financial damages will be high. Finally, in this thesis, the obtained results showed that the method used in the research was able to evaluate the studied area well and showed the vulnerable parts, which mostly include the western areas of Khalkhal city, in the final map.

One of the key measures in the passive defense debate Critical facilities and facilities not to be hidden, sensitive and important is choosing the right place for them. Given the complexity of the problems Related to choosing the right place for creating custom applications various factors must be considered. The purpose of this study was applied and considering that specific method has been used to identify optimal locations for prison location which is less used, it is considered a development and is, from a methodological point of view, an analytical descriptive research. The method of data gathering is documentary and field. In this research 14 criteria have been used to locate ideal zones for prison establishment. So tools and software like software Arc GIS In order to store, manage, process and analyze data And also the AHP model In the form of software Expert Choice, Depending on the purpose of the study and the type of criteria, Various functions such as distance function, slope function, slope direction function and digital model function Height in software Arc GIS They are used to create maps. The results of locating operations were to identify different zones in the city of Doganbadan Finally, considering the distance dimension and access status of the zones, four optimal zones were introduced. These zones (with total area of ​​5382 square kilometers) surrounded by the village of Talkhab, respectively, of the village of Gardanqalat, around the village of Dezsoleiman and the village of Baba Muhammad.

Rockfalls are one of the most serious natural hazards in terms of victims and economic impact, besides their interaction with many other natural phenomena. rockfall, defined as the movement of a mass of rock, debris or earth down a slope rockfall hazard and landslide risk analyses can be carried out using several methods. The aim of this paper is to study and evaluate the potential of rockfalls and landslides and zoning these areas. In this method, in accordance with the geometric dimensions, slop, the movement of the rockfall, their expansion, finally its effect on the study area have been tested. Ddigital data also Cone fall and Arc GIS software utilized to identify landslides in the study area. Rockfall risk area was calculated for slopes and two critical angles and the results were presented as a map of high fall risk zones. The results showing that the total area of rockfall is equal to 2467357 square meters and 520686 square meters of residential areas are under the risks of rockfall.

One of the most important issues of the city and urbanization in Iran is the analysis of physical growth and development of the city and urbanization. In this regard, the overall goal of urban planning is to ensure the well-being of the people by creating a better, healthier, more effective and more pleasant environment. Therefore, land suitability analysis for urban development and identification of suitable priority lands for physical development is very urgent. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the physical development of Nikshahr with emphasis on urban spread, to identify the factors affecting the physical development of the city, to recognize the capabilities and limitations of physical development of the city and to provide appropriate solutions for principled and practical planning and the physical development of the city. The methodology of the present study is descriptive-analytical and based on library, documentary and field studies, and Arc GIS software and fuzzy logic method in GIS environment have been used for data analysis. The results indicate that the main natural feature of Nikshahr is the heights, rivers and their sub-branches, which have caused the city to take a linear shape and extend along the southwest to the northeast. On the other hand, the heights in the north and parts of the south of the city and also in an area of ​​the western body of the city have caused the city not to develop and expand in a north-south direction. Finally, it should be noted that the unplanned growth of Nikshahr can cause many problems, and on the contrary, the efforts for vertical and intelligent growth can lead to sustainable development.

Ashoori street, with a length of about 2100 meter in the center of the area A of the city of Bushehr. that in terms of organizing a place - space, user, urban, etc. has a large number of user-annoying and polluting urban. The type of research the applications - development industry, and the method of doing it, is as a descriptive - analytical and harvest for field and check the list of jobs. In this research, the first all guilds pollutants and disturb the segmentation, then the type of pollution and can have it has been set. Also assess the quantitative and qualitative related to it, have been doing that for quantitative and qualitative assessment of the degree of compatibility and incompatibility, and also evaluating the desirability of neighbourhood, each user is designated. The causes of this mess should be mainly on the weakness of the management, lack of implementation of laws and regulations search. The results of the survey, quantification, showed that 28 types of user annoying and polluting city that their number amounted to The 60 units,there is enabled, in the Ashoori street. In the qualitative analysis of the user available also with the use of Arc GIS software, etc. density user annoying and also according to the indicators of the qualitative assessment, the results indicate that the user, in terms of the compatibility, far fairly consistent, and in the desirability matrix of its conditions are relatively unfavorable

The ancient Iranian-Islamic cities have formed an integrated and stable system by establishing a physical and spatial connection between the economic, social, administrative, cultural and environmental components. Among these features, division of spaces, group and social structure of neighborhoods, physical and spatial cohesion of the bazaar and the Grand Mosque with each other. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the relationship between the elements of the Iranian-Islamic city such as human-centeredness, security, the principle of hierarchy, naturalism and boundary with the physical structure of historical contexts to study this relationship in the historical context of Birjand. The type of the present study is analytical-interpretive and the data used is the information on the characteristics of the Iranian-Islamic city extracted in historical books and writings and the current map of the historical context of Birjand, which is drawn in GIS ARC software and the results of this comparison. Has been analyzed. The results showed that based on the relationship between the historical and cultural characteristics of the texture with the neighborhood-centered element, the relationship between the geographical elements of the texture and the element of naturalism, the religious function of the texture with the human-centered element was in line with the Iranian-Islamic model. However, based on the principle of local hierarchy and continuity, due to the construction of new streets and the loss of communication between alleys, as well as changes in the type of building, the texture has changed and has moved away from the Iranian-Islamic city model.

The use of geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing is common to facilitate the estimation of catchment's runoff in the last century. This action is performed by using the rainfall-runoff model, which includes climate and geomorphological changes. One way to estimate the runoff height is the Curve Number (CN) method that shows the hydrological behavior of catchment. In this research, the Arc-GIS software was used for mapping curve number by integrating vegetation maps, land use and soil hydrological group, and then the annual runoff height map of Hesarak catchment was prepared. In addition, by using empirical methods, annual runoff of the study area was compared with I.C.A.R, Justin, Angeli di Sousa, and SCS-CN methods. The comparison of estimated runoff values in different methods with observations of runoff showed that the result of SCS-CN method has more adaptation to the observed runoff and discharge. The advantage of this model is the use of different parameters such as annual precipitation, soil holding, and permeability of the curve number of the basin, which causes the measured runoff to be closer to the observed value.

The process of precipitation – runoff of each basin, is influenced by hydrologic, geomorphology conditions, geological formation and vegetation. There are different methods in drainage basins. One way to estimate the runoff height is Curve Number (CN) method. That reperesents the hydrological behavior of basin. data were collected for statistics of climate and then topographic map of 1: 25000 and geological map of 1: 100000 by GSI was used. Smada software for calculate the short – term rainfall at different return periods. As well as Arc GIS software for mapping Curve Number by combining maps of land use, soil hydrological groups and moisture of soil with using the table of America Soil Conservation Service (SCS). And then modeling related in the GIS mappings of runoff height of Hesarak catchment was prepared. The aim of this study, was to determine Curve Number and estimate runoff coefficient and maximum discharge runoff with SCS method in various units catchment is. The results showed, hydrologic condition and soil hydrological groups are the most important parameters to determine the CN and affect on runoff. The most potential for runoff is in downstream of basin that specified with urban land use. Also average weight of Curve Numbers those obtained for each sub catchments, Chapdareh sub catchment (S2) with 88 Cure Number and mean of runoff 28.15 mm had the highest volume of runoff, Dochenaran sub catchment (S3) with 89.3 Curve Number and mean of runoff 24.54 mm and sub catchment of the twin branches (S1) with 90.1 Curve Number and mean of runoff 17.36 mm had The lowest amount of runoff probability and spill potential. But in general potential runoff in this basin is relatively high. The maximum amount of runoff Curve Number in condition of high humidity is 99 and 78 is the lowest.

Graveyards in Iran have long been one of the most important urban parts, since their uses have not only had a direct relationship with urban planning rules but they have also been under the influence of religious beliefs and customs of people, so organizing and locating them also own certain sensitivities. In terms of the structural situation, the current cemeteries of Pars Abad city are not in good conditions. On the other hand, they lack a suitable burial capacity to meet the new demands of the urban dead. Therefore, this study aims has been attempted to optimize the sites around the city to build a new cemetery using Boolean logic and Fuzzy Logic in the form of GIS. In order to identify the most fundamental factors in determining the appropriate place for the urban cemeteries, the role and affectability of each of the above- mentioned factors in the site selection was determined. Then, using the fuzzy membership functions (Gaussian, large and linear), different maps were prepared based on the nature and role of these factors in site selection. Next, through designing the inference network and taking advantage of the Fuzzy Logic model and its operators (Prod, Sum, and gammas of 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9), the data combination was performed non- linearly. Ultimately, the most suitable sites obtained by the inference network were compared according to the degrees of membership and their distance to the defined boundaries. The results show deep differences between facilities and the desirable status quo site selection of the graveyards. In the end, several measures aimed at restoring the long-standing role of the urban graveyards in the structure of civil life and its attitudes’ changes towards its executive and research are suggested.

Urban old and problematic textures in developing countries, like Iran, are more vulnerable to earthquakes than other urban textures. The city of Kerman has become the most violent earthquake in the country due to numerous active faults and devastating earthquakes with high human casualties. Out of the total area of ​​the worn out texture of Kerman province, which is about four hundred and sixty two acres, 1589 ha are located in the city of Kerman. The necessity to reduce the vulnerability of the city against earthquakes is one of the main goals of physical and urban planning. The purpose of the study is to identify and level the vulnerability of urban tissues. The main issue is that the city of Kerman has a lot of vulnerable areas, and identifying vulnerable levels and reducing vulnerability can be effective in crisis management. The research method is descriptive-analytical one. The research data were prepared using documentary and field studies. The data of Kerman Municipality Crisis Management were used and indicators such as type of materials, population density, width of passages, type of use and structural density were investigated and maps of each of these criteria are provided using SDM FUZZY software in Arc GIS. The final vulnerability map shows that Kerman city tissues with 11.7% of cases are very vulnerable, 14.1% are highly vulnerable, 13.3% have average vulnerability, 15.5% Low vulnerability, 45.9% have very low vulnerability, which indicates the inappropriate status of the tissues.

One of the geomorphologic issues that many human activities affect is the landslides. Natural factors and human activities on the other hand, these events are triggered. Landslide one of the most active hazards are natural processes that lead to erosion and changes in the landscape. Iran is a predominantly mountainous topography, seismic activity and high landslide, diverse climatic and geological conditions of natural conditions for a wide range of slip is important. Located in second place in the sector of industry, population of 1695094 people, proximity to major faults of Tabriz and occurrence Landslides of different city of Tabriz, the city has become one of the most dangerous cities in the environmental hazards, especially landslide. In these circumstances and completed a comprehensive review and a detailed zoning of land for landslide susceptibility seems absolutely necessary. The purpose of the present paper, the occurrence of landslide susceptibility assessment and mapping potential occurrence of landslides in the city of Tabriz in this range.
This research of the type applied- development research and of the research method is descriptive - analytic. In this study, using a variety of sources including satellite imagery, aerial photography, global positioning system (GPS) and field studies landslide occurred in the study area were identified and these data were analyzed using the software ILWIS and use of library studies and expert opinions should identify the criteria and sub-criteria and range were classified. Then, using fuzzy TOPSIS model, the importance of the criteria and sub-criteria specified in pixel units and finally combining fuzzy-TOPSIS model and overlapping functions in ARC / GIS final map was extracted.
Geomorphologic and lithology conditions of the city with its mountainous location where the trigger landslides. The final results indicate that over 30% of the areas of the city of Tabriz are medium to high risk that this areas of land in the north and northeast is sparse. The accuracy of the final map and the map of the distribution of faults and the accuracy of the study proved to be that hazardous zones roughly corresponding to the final map lapses occurred. So we can conclude that the method and the model presented in this paper is an effective method for landslide hazard zonation within the cities.

Choose landfill is an important step in the management of municipal solid waste according to environmental impact, economic and ecological waste, the landfill must be done carefully and in a scientific process. . Choose a suitable place to bury garbage, requires consideration of many factors and criteria (criteria distance from the airport, distance from fault, distance from the town, away from the river, away from the city, close to land use, soil type, wind direction, distance residential areas, away from the ground and the distance of communication) is. The purpose of this study, the optimal location city landfill Ahvazba geographic information system and software application and version is Visual PROMETHEE. The type used in this article is an applied research - development and its method is descriptive and analytical. The results show the importance of considering all measures, the proposed locations for waste sanitary burial in the city of Ahvaz, East and North-East part of the city that these places are the standards to accomplish this.

Today flood phenomena is one of the most complex hazardous events, every year more than other natural disaster that caused causality, financial damage and destroyed the agricultural land. Therefore, this research at first has studied the effective variables in the occurrence of the flood, such as (slope, geology, land and ranking the run off streams). Next, these variables have been entered in to GIS software, then based on their level of importance have been given some weights. Finally, by merging the layers and analyzing them the floodwater risk zonation map created with four zones of risk including: 1- high probability risk zone, 2- relative high probability zone, 3- moderate probability zone and 4- low probability zone. The investigation of natural conditions shows that there are many natural variables for floodwater event. According to the zoning map of floodwater, the high probability risk zone is about 18.86 percent (113.53 square km), the relative high probability zone is about 35.68 percent (215.9 square km), the moderate probability zone is about 29.66 percent (179.29 square km) and the low probability zone is about 15.8 percent (94.58 square km). The findings of the present study show that due to the having average annual of precipitation 1058.7, high slope, and relatively impermeable formations in addition having circle form have relatively high potential in flooding.

Tectonics are dynamic factors that have longitudinal profiles of rivers, especially watersheds are affected.. These factors led to a change in the longitudinal profile of rivers and the erosion and deposition process, thereby changing the pattern of investment flows into rivers. The purpose of this study is to investigate active tectonic basin Gechi Darasi data by geological, geomorphological and observation field, hypsometric curve by using indicators, hypsometric integral, drainage basin asymmetry, the longitudinal gradient of the river, the sine of the mountain front, the width Reverse topographic drainage basin above the valley floor and valley symmetry in this field. According to the results of this study indicate Hypsvmtry integral curves Hypsvmtry young field of erosion cycle and 15 sections and transects to assess VF index specified. Index changes VF (which is equal to 1.2) reflect tectonic activity is active. In addition, SL index is calculated for the basin. Establish fault tolerance on the rock of considerable height difference Gechi Darasi River longitudinal profiles and SL index is a significant change. The basin has a lot of sinus (Smf) in the region of 1.3 is equal to the ratio of the width to the height of the bed of the valley floor is a very large difference. Drainage basin asymmetry index (AF) is equal to 57.45. The topographic indexes with the reversed polarity index (value 0.21) indicate tectonic activities in the region are high.

In this study, a number of 95 synoptic stations of the country were extracted in a statistical period (1990-2007) in order to identify fog-prone areas and dust storms with vision less than one kilometer along with the dust. Then, frequency map of the event, with vision less than one kilometer was provided by Spline method in roads network in Arc GIS environment. Also, air cloudy percentage map at land surface and optional thickness of clouds with less height and stratus clouds with low height has been presented in roads of the country for a statistical period (1980-2010) using spectrum analysis of infrared and visible bands measured with SEVERI from MSG satellite. In the same direction, Madys satellite data and Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) is used for statistical period (2000-2010) for extraction of spatial distribution of dust storms. With due observance to the results, maximum percentage of frequency of event with capability of vision less than one kilometer is related to the fog in Caspian and northwest area of the country. In addition, maximum percentage of frequency of event with capability of vision, less than one kilometer, is related to the dust in southwest and southeast part of the country. The maximum degree of risk in terms of fog-prone area in roads network of the country is related to the south and southwest area of the Caspian region while the maximum degree of risk in terms of dust-prone area is related to the west to south part of the country (northeast part of Caspian area).

This study was designed to investigate the role of tectonics and lithology of the major parameters affecting slope instability in the study area is examined. The study revealed that about 90% of the body surface elevations north basin sedimentary formations are composed of water spreading Tasuj. Performance of heavy tectonic especially to resistant and non-resistant, creating congestion fault-up (km2 / km) 2/2 with rule systems, Periglacial erosion, especially at altitude 1700 meters high makes up the physical degradation of rocks and receding cliff streams Banks typically isolated, drawn very widely in the region to form. To study aims to investigate the software Arc GIS and remote sensing data used and eventually plans to map geological tectonics and lithology and sensitivity of mass movements in the unstable range, the combination of combine the. The results show that the instability prevailing in the region, mainly debris slope range (Debris slide) and debris valley (Debris flow) and their dynamics have also mostly of natural origin, which are among the factors to be effective the role of tectonics and lithology, geological structure associated with susceptibility to type such important parameters affecting their pay. The results of quantitative analysis showed that the most unstable range (mass movement) due to faults in the region and formations susceptible to erosion has occurred.

Using advanced statistical methods such as multivariate statistical analysis, one way is to separate areas from each other. In the present study, based on hierarchical cluster analysis methods and compare the different methods, Annual and monthly data for 9 stations for 10 years (2000-2009) Taked of Lorestan province meteorological Department, and the analysis Done. The purpose of this study addition to showing how cluster analysis process, Climatic zoning Lorestan province is Include four Area: 1-Semi humid, temperate summers, very cold winters (Alashtar, Azna ...) 2- Semi-moist, relatively warm summers, cold winters (Aligoodarz, Boroujerd ...)3- Semi-humid, hot summers, temperate winters (Khorramabad and Kouhdasht)4- Semi-dry, hot summers, relatively cold winters (Poldokhtar). Zoning of Province has been by using ARC GIS.

◌Due to the growing human population on one hand and increasing industrial developmenton the other hand waste production is unavoidable. The main purpose of this research isspatial analysis operation with using GIS technology in order to locate the optimal range forthe landfill of heer district of ardebil province. for this purpose, in the first stage, using 12information layers which includes 9 layers of natural information (environmental) and 3layers of social intelligence economics which related to case study enter the ARC GISsoftware and landfill databases was formed. In the second stage information layers based onexisting standard of four organization:Environmental protrction Agency, the organization ofwater, earth and weather preservation of Canada, management and planning organization ofiran and Iran department of Environment with Network analysis process (ANP) in superdecision software and expert opinion of expert and specialist was weighting, categorized andapplied on the current layers. checking the initial result showing that resulting model of ANPnot only select the landfill are but also, offer other areas.

Ardebil plain، an area of approximately 1097. 23 km2 in geographic coordinates of 38˚ 5¢ to 38˚ 27¢ north latitude and 48˚ 9¢ to 48˚ 37¢ eastern longitude، is a valley plain. During recent years، groundwater has been stuck with eye drops. This article reviews the changes occurred in the volume of water aquifer and the rate of decline in groundwater in the plain out of the data from wells by using the software ArcGIS، piezometers maps and drop zone in the area under study. Graphical maps showed that the highest rate of water loss has occurred in the southeastern region. The zoning plan was provided، and it showed that 14% of the drop zone area was in the high plains، 29. 73% in the high zone، and 26. 6% in the intermediate zone، 17. 38% in the low zone and 12/29% of the drop zone are low. The results indicate that the aquifer is in a critical condition in Ardebil. To explore the possible future subsidence، affecting layers included: precipitation، slope، hydrology، lithology، geomorphology، soil، vegetation and human factors extracted from maps and combining layers in GIS. map projections drop of water method were developed in the future using underground Co-Kriging point. The results showed that it is most likely that in the future Ardebil method subsidence would occur due to excessive removal of groundwater resources in the south east will and human activity in the west plains subsidence are the second risky factor.

Increasing urban population and urban developmenthad increased the production of atomicwaste. Furthermore, the many other relations of modern life and the machine make a serious approach to urban management which in return it has influences on waste storage and disposal and the eradication of urban environmental products. This will turn management of these waste materials a majorconcern. According to Zanjan Cit’s Municipal Services the daily average of 600 tons of waste materialsis produced in this city. Among the various methods of waste disposal to heaping,the most important ways in which Zanjan urban management inrecent years has reliedon,is the use of this bury site. Problems such as with drawal of the leachate, soil pollution, odor, fire, etc., scattering garbage in landfills have been observed so far. In order to prevent such problems, authorities should be trying to choose the most appropriate place to bury them, these materials out of the residential areas.In this paper the AHP model was used via ARC GIS software for the zoning of land to locate the optimal solid waste landfill in Zanjan city based on 10 criteria: fault, accommodations in the city, connecting roads, stream, geology, erosion, oil pipeline, transmission lines, slope and slope direction.The result revealed optimal locations on the landfill areain the form of a certainclass of five charges. Finally, the area of 73 hectares was called the best place for the landfill for 40-year interval.