جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « citizenship participation » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Urbanization and its expansion is one of the most important human achievements. Undoubtedly, the participation of all individuals, layers and classes in the urban management process has an important role in its development and sustainability. Participation in urban affairs affected by the cultural, social, economic contexts of each society is different, but what matters participation at all levels, including the city level, must be created from the heart of society and in effective communication between people and people with urban management. The purpose of this article was to investigate the social factors related to participation in urban affairs. The present study was a survey and a statistical population of citizens aged 15 years and older in Chelgard city. Based on the Cochran's formula, a suitable sample size of 324 people was obtained. Data were collected by using a questionnaire and multi-stage cluster sampling. The validity of the questionnaire is based on content validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to test its reliability. SPSS statistical software was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the variables of social trust with a significant level (0.001), religiosity with a significant level (0.002), gender with a significant level (0.030), employment status with a significant level (0.004) and monthly income with a significant level (0.025) with participation. Regression analysis showed that the variables of social trust, religiosity, employment status and monthly income in total were able to explain 1.11of the variance of participation in urban affairs. The results showed that the level of participation of the citizens of Chelgard in urban affairs is affected by underlying factors such as gender, employment status and income of citizens and increasing the variables of social trust and religiosity. 

 Urbanization and its expansion is one of the most important human achievements. Undoubtedly, the participation of all individuals, layers and classes in the urban management process has an important role in its development and sustainability. Participation in urban affairs affected by the cultural, social, economic contexts of each society is different, but what matters participation at all levels, including the city level, must be created from the heart of society and in effective communication between people and people with urban management . In recent years, the class structure and social interactions of the citizens of chelgard have expanded by changing the production method and income of residents, creating new job opportunities, expanding the city and facing domestic and foreign tourists. However, many citizens still have an ethnic-tribal mindset, through which they deal with the social world in general and urban issues in particular, which is an obstacle to participation in urban affairs. The purpose of this article was to investigate the social factors related to participation in urban affairs. Accordingly, in this study, we decided to examine the level of citizen participation in urban affairs, to identify the social factors associated with it. This goal has been tracked by asking two main questions: 1) what is the level of participation in urban affairs in the city of chelgard? 2) what are the social factors associated with participation in urban affairs?

The method of the present research is survey. The statistical population of the study is citizens of 15 years and older in Chelgard. After using the cochran's formula, according to the measurement error of 0.05 and the acceptable confidence level of 1.96, the sample size of 324 people was determined. The required data were collected using a questionnaire and multi-stage cluster sampling. The validity of the questionnaire is based on the validity of the content and cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to test its reliability. In order to analyze the research data, Spss software version 25 and statistical methods of correlation, regression and non-parametric statistical tests were used.

Findings showed that there is a positive correlation between social trust and participation in urban affairs, which means that with increasing social trust, their participation in urban affairs also increases. The existence of social trust in society is a powerful force for the formation and development of secondary relations, which gives a special atmosphere to the public space and is an effective source for collective actions such as participation in urban affairs. Social trust as a catalyst encourages citizens to do voluntary, group and participatory work. When citizens trust each other and city managers and planners, they will feel more responsible for their city affairs and ultimately more involved. The results also indicate a direct and significant relationship between religiosity and participation in urban affairs. Thus, with the increase of religiosity, we see the promotion of citizen participation. Given that iranian society is a religious community and citizens from the first years of their lives are formally and informally faced with religious education, so they are familiar with the principles of religious beliefs. On the other hand, islam not only holds the individual accountable and committed to god, but also holds him accountable to society. As a result, those who are more committed to religious affairs will feel obligated to participate in the political and social activities around them. Finally, the results indicate that there is a significant relationship between gender, employment status, and monthly household income with participation in urban affairs.This significance is higher in women with average (71.14) than men with average (67.90) and in non-employed with average (71.77) than employed with average (67.46). Also, the group "no income" with an average (74.95) has the highest and the group "more than 5 million" have the lowest level of citizen participation. The prerequisite for moving in a sustainable urban path is the participation of all citizens in effective areas, including decision-making in the areas of urban planning and urban management. Access to this situation is possible only with the responsibility of individuals in society and the joint efforts and support of women and men. In traditional iranian society, where men have a breadwinner duty and spend most of their time and energy on business, they have fewer opportunities to volunteer and participate in urban affairs, but women and unemployed on the one hand because of the more time they have on the other hand, the existence of urban security in small cities such as Chelgard have more opportunities to participate in the public arena of the city and participate in voluntary and voluntary programs.

Overall, this study showed that there is a relationship between social factors and participation in urban affairs. Thus, high levels of social trust and religiosity among citizens play an important role in their participation in urban affairs and can play a role as a facilitator for participation in urban affairs. In the end, it is suggested that workshops and training and justification programs be held to persuade and justify men and employees, and to provide a platform for safe and reliable participation and investment for all. Urban institutions can also increase trust as a social asset in the city by increasing frankness, honesty, conscientiousness and integrity in order to increase the participation of citizens in urban affairs.

The waste management without considering the role of people who are the main waste manufacturers, will be impossible. In our country, in discussion of waste management and collection, repulsion and recycling in terms of type and quality of wastes, is diffrent from other countries of the world and has different nature and taking action from any method and technology without examining and recognizing materials and compatibility of local factors, especially the issue of citizens' participation, will not be feasible.The present research with an explanatory approach has been addressed to the issue that the capacity of citizens participation in each dimensions of managerial decision making is to be explored. The results of 24 items in the form of 385 questionnaires in 10 municipalities showed that the score obtained in the Likret scale equals 3.08 . The highest extractive averages is related to areas 1, 2, 9 and 5 are 3.15, 3.13, 3.12 and 3.11, and the lowest average is associated to area 4 equals 3.03. Despite the fact that these areas are at the average of the Likert spectrum, there is a possibility of instability in this section due to the low levels of Urban mismanagement in this section.The study 44 Index of Waste sphere and Urban Management with opinion apply of 50 Related Experts to determine the importance of factors using interaction analysis method / structural in Mic MacFase software demonstrated that the most influenced direct factors of the system are: Creating social capacity, Active participation of beneficiaries people, Social trust, Social capital, Institutions and civil, society,organizations (CSO), Interaction and balance between participater and participating,Education of citizenship rights and NGO assignments. The effects obtained showed the role of social factors, cultural infrastructure and the role of beneficiaries.

The expansion of urbanization and the problems resulting from urban life have made it increasingly necessary to pay attention to useful strategies and solutions to optimize the lives of citizens. With the introduction of democratic concepts and approaches over the last decades, new patterns of governance have emerged. Good urban governance movement has been one of these new forms. This model is defined as a participatory process that is associated with citizen participation and changing the roles and functions of local government. In this regard, the NBN program, entitled "Neighbors Building Neighborhoods," has been one of the most successful ways of urban management and good governance in the past ten years in Rochester, New York. In this program, all citizens try to organize their living environment. The aim of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the implementation of participatory urban governance (NBN program) in District 2 of Tabriz metropolitan.

The method of present study is descriptive-analytical. To collect the required data, library resources (for theoretical foundations) and questionnaire (for scientific research) were used. It should be noted that the statistical population of this study was calculated to be 382 people, according to the Cochran's formula and the population of District 2 of Tabriz metropolitan.  Also, the used questionnaire included 19 five-option questions with a closed answer and its items are measured based on the Likert scale. The validity of the questionnaire was obtained using the face validity and its reliability was obtained at 0.826 using Cronbach's alpha method, indicating the desirable reliability of the questionnaire.Then, the data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed using LISREL software and one-sample t-test in SPSS software, and the indicators influencing the implementation of participatory urban governance (NBN program) were evaluated and prioritized. LISREL software was used to estimate and test structural equation models and to examine and analyze linear relationships between latent variables and observed variables. This program uses correlations and covariance between observed variables to estimate the values ​​of factor loads, variances, and errors of latent variables. In the quantitative stage of study, the relationship between latent variables was examined using the structural equation method and a model was presented using LISREL software. In the field method, as stated, the questionnaire tool was defined and used for each latent variable and observed variables. To analyze the data through the structural equation model, the data obtained from the questionnaires were entered into the SPSS statistical software and were encoded. The data encoded in the LISREL program were retrieved and analyzed.

Based on the results of LISREL software and the t-value, indicating the priority of indicators in LISREL software, the collective agreement indicator with a value of 10.72 was ranked first. In fact, when there are different opinions and ideas in a society, there will be different actors, so it is better to guide the city management and different interests and preferences in the society towards a broad consensus that considers the best and most benefit for groups. In other words, the city is the arena of different groups and interests and they are sometimes in conflict with each other. Collective agreement means moderation and creating an agreement of different interests. Transparency indicator with a T-value of 7.28 was ranked second. It means that lack of transparency and secrecy in urban affairs increases the possibility of corruption in decision-making. However, transparency prevents its spread. Citizen participation indicator, which means power to influence citizens in decision-making and involving them in power with the T-Value value of 6.1, was ranked third. Justice indicator, which means creating suitable opportunities for all citizens to improve their welfare status, the effort for fair allocation of resources and participation of the deprived people in expressing their opinions and decisions with the T-value of 5.18, was ranked fourth. Evaluating the status of indicators in SPSS software and their significance level indicated that significance level of all indicators is less than 0.05. It means that the mean indicators differ from the theoretical mean of 3, and since the values of the two upper bound and lower bound columns are negative, it can be stated that the mean of the indicators is lower than the theoretical mean of 3. Hence, with 95% confidence interval and significance level of less than 0.05, it can be stated that District 2 of Tabriz metropolitan is not in a good position to implement participatory urban governance (NBN program).

One of the most successful models in the area of urban management is the "good urban governance" model, which is a participatory urban management system. In this model, three institutions of civil society, private sector and government participate in all relevant decisions. This approach in urban management is based on the citizen-oriented and fair development is to influence all forces having interest and power in the management of urban affairs and to meet all the needs of these groups. In fact, it can be stated without the active participation of citizens, urban governance will not be realized and urban management will remain in a static framework with a one-sided and dominant power in making decision on city issues. Thus, citizen participation is the driving force of urban management. In this regard, the NBN program is one of the most creative and effective approaches to contemporary urban management and governance, which has been used in Rochester, New York for about two decades. In this program, people participate in all relevant decisions together with the government. This approach, called "neighbors building neighborhoods", can be one of the most serious steps in decentralizing centralized management and urban "top-down planning" and rural areas and movement towards decentralized participatory governance and "bottom-up planning."The present study was an attempt to evaluate the factors influencing the implementation of participatory urban governance (NBN program). The results of data analysis in the LISREL program environment show that the model has a good fit. Among the indicators, according to their T-Values, the "collective agreement" indicator was ranked first, and the indicators of transparency, citizenship participation and justice were ranked second, third, and fourth, respectively. Also, based on the results of data analysis in SPSS and one-sample t-test and significance level, the mean of indicators with the theoretical mean and the values ​​of upper and lower bounds, which are negative in all indicators,  it can be stated that the factors affecting the implementation of participatory urban governance (NBN program) are in an unfavorable situation.

Today, the tourism industry can bring various aspects of development, including social development to the host regions, if properly managed and managed. The attitude and perception of local residents on tourism is an important factor in identifying the priorities and strategies of tourism management in each region and influencing future planning. The purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between social variables and citizens' attitude to the relationship between tourism and social development. The method of this research is survey. The statistical population of the study is citizens of Chelgerd over 15 years. According to Cochran's formula, the sample size for this study was 324. Required data were collected using a questionnaire and multistage cluster sampling. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between social trust, citizenship participation and place attachment with the dependent variable, but there is no significant relationship between the cultural capital variable and the dependent variable. Regression analysis showed that the variables of social trust, citizenship participation and social attachment were able to explain 11.3% of the variance of attitude towards the relationship between tourism and social development.

Citizenship participation leads to the prosperity of individual capacities and improving the performance of city managers and, consequently, sustainability. Hence, today, urban planners and policymakers consider the maximum attraction of citizenship participation as one of the sustainable strategies. The present study uses descriptive-analytic method to study the effective factors on citizen participation and the relationship between the amount of participation of citizens with stability in Evin and Zaferanie neighborhoods. In this research, sampling was performed using the Cochran formula and the sample population based on it. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using independent t-test and Pearson test and regression tests. The results of the research indicate that the level of citizenship participation at the neighborhood level has a significant difference. In other words, the level of citizenship participation in different aspects of the Evin neighborhood is more favorable than the Zaferanieh district. As a result of this situation and given the relation of the level of participation and sustainability of the neighborhood, Evin neighborhood is in a more favorable position than the Zafarrani neighborhood in terms of sustainability indicators. Finally, with respect to the multivariate regression test, it was determined that the factors affecting citizen participation are, respectively, institutional placement, social empowerment, decent city governance, the formation of local government and spatial justice.