جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "cultural diplomacy" در نشریات گروه "جغرافیا"

Today's turbulent levels, the management of political, economic and military sectors can be established based on the will of the governments, but the issues of the cultural field are beyond the will of people. Accepted values, religion, worldview, language, literature and common ethnic ties that have dominated the hearts of people for years are not issues that have been achieved over several decades or centuries. The aim of the current research is to investigate the challenges of the diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the relations between Fimabin and the Federal Government of Germany. Therefore, the cultural diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran is based on the influence of the meaning and thought of the Islamic Revolution and the influence of the Quranic and Islamic teachings, based on the diplomatic language, which has become a full-fledged discourse by developing and deepening it. The de-escalation and improvement of relations with the West after the period of sacred defense strengthened the relations between Iran and Germany, but the start of the discussion on Iran's nuclear issue in 2003 created a new phase in the relations between the two countries.

Tourism is a phenomenon that leads to the strengthening of communication between different cultures. With the common cultural contexts between nations, it is easier to achieve cross-cultural communication during tourism. If tourism has positive cultural effects on tourists, it turns them into indirect missionaries of the host society and ultimately leads to the strengthening of the cultural diplomacy of the host country in the target country. With this definition, tourism can activate many capacities in the field of strengthening the relationship between Iran and Pakistan and creating the strategic depth of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Meanwhile, religious tourism has a significant place among other types for Pakistani audiences.

The present article is applied in terms of the purpose of the study and qualitative in terms of methodology. Using semi-structured interviews, the researcher collected the opinions of experts on this issue and interpreted the obtained findings using thematic analysis method.

The existing capacities in Iranian tourism for Pakistanis (46 capacities in the form of 10 sub-themes), the obstacles to the development of Iranian tourism for Pakistanis (37 obstacles in the form of 7 sub-themes) and the solutions for the development of Iranian tourism for Pakistanis (23 solutions in the format) 6 sub-themes), were identified and induced.

Conclusions and suggestions:

 according to the interpretation of the findings, the potential capacities for the development and improvement of the arrival of Pakistani tourists, the obstacles on the way to the development of this matter and the solutions to remove the obstacles leading to statistics and finally the model of benefiting from this The capacities, its obstacles and solutions that lead to the improvement of Iran's position among the people of Pakistan and in a word to strengthen the cultural diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in this country were extracted.

originality: 

According to the surveys, very few researches have focused on religious tourism in benefiting from it in the direction of Iran's cultural diplomacy. This issue is particularly novel in the case of our study, namely Pakistani religious tourists.

In the scope of international relations, cultural diplomacy has found a special place in the direction of developing relations and communications between countries and has caused alignment between governments and nations. In this regard, the most important bases of joint cooperation between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Germany, which has led to the expansion of relations between the two countries, is that both countries have placed cultural diplomacy at the top of their relations in the field of foreign policy. In fact, cultural diplomacy as one of the tools for the use of soft power in supporting the foreign policy of the countries, which is responsible for the art of strengthening and obtaining the national interests of the countries, in providing platforms for joint cooperation, understanding and introducing cultures and exchanges. Cultural values and establishing good relations between governments have a significant impact; With this approach, the geocultural position of countries is determined through cultural influence in global geography. With these interpretations, this research seeks to find out what effect cultural diplomacy has had on Iran's relations with Germany in the geocultural structure of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The findings of the research, by collecting information through library and documentary methods and analyzing information and explanatory methods, show that cultural diplomacy increases the level of cooperation between the two countries in various fields and increases the influence of Iran's geoculture in the Federal Republic of Germany.

The article examines the impact of tourism policy on the cultural diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Central Asia from 1990 to 2017 and explains the factors influencing tourism policy in the framework of Iranian cultural diplomacy. The research seeks to explore the question of how much tourism policy has strengthened and promoted the cultural diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Central Asia. A mixed qualitative and quantitative research method has been used to investigate on this issue, through the extraction of materials from original documents and the consultation of library resources explaining the impact of tourism policy on cultural diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Central Asia as well as interviews with experts and the use of questionnaires and statistical analysis. A questionnaire composed of 19 questions has been used to survey on this issue. The opinions of 80 respondents from different groups of Iranian society who have responded to the questionnaire have been gathered and analysed. Out of these 80 people, 45 were men, 34 were women and one did not answer the question of gender. In terms of age, 13 were under 30, 44 were between 30 and 35, 17 were between 35 and 40, 4 were between 40 and 45, one was over 45, and one didn’t respond. The frequency distribution of the variable of education among the respondents also demonstrates that there were 6 undergraduate students, 22 graduate students and 52 postgraduate students. 10 people did not give any response about their level of education. In order to investigate on the normal distribution of data, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test (KS Test) as well as T Test have been used to examine the hypothesis of the research. Research data demonstrates that most of the respondents have selected relatively the options of modest and very low impact of tourism policies on cultural diplomacy of the IR of Iran in Central Asia, expressing « very low » impact for the questions 9, 12, 13 and 19, and« relatively low » impact for the questions of 1, 6 and 8.  Most of the respondents have stated that the tourism policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran has built very low positive image of Iranian society in the Central Asian region. Most of the respondents have assessed as very low the success degree of tourism policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Central Asia. Respondents have stated that the interaction between the tourism policy and cultural diplomacy has been weak and  that tourism policy has relatively not been able to take benefit of the capacity of cultural heritage and artistic music to attract the touristes of Central Asia to Iran.  In addition, respondents have stated the partial rate of success regarding the role of the Islamic Republic of Iran's tourism policy in facilitating the travel of the tourists from Central Asia to Iran, in familiarisation of tourists with the scientific and literary personalities of Iran, as well as with the natural and historical attractions of Iran, in enhancing mutual understanding and the respect to each other’s culture in interaction with the touristes of Central Asia, in creating a sense of common identity, in promoting cultural convergence between Iran and Central Asian countries, in introducing Iranian national traditions to the Central Asian tourists, in strengthening the impact of Iranian tourism structures on the capability and efficiency of Iranian cultural diplomacy in Cultural Asia.  Also, respondents have stated that the Islamic Republic of Iran's tourism policy in Central Asia has  partially been capable to preserve the Iranian intangible cultural heritage with regard to the prevention of confiscation of Iranian academic, literary, and historical personalities by Central Asian countries. The Research data analysis reveals that Iran's tourism policy has slightly strengthened the Iranian cultural diplomacy in Central Asia, so that the inhabitants of the Central Asian countries, despite their civilizational and cultural communalities with the Islamic Republic of Iran have low desire and interest to travel to Iran.  the weakness of interaction between the structure of policy making in tourism industry and the agents of cultural diplomacy, the relatively low capability to take benefit of the capacity of Iranian artistic music, cultural traditions, literature, as well as academic and cultural personalities in tourism industry, the lack of potentiality to build a positive image of Iranian society because of negative propaganda by western media against Iran, the weakness of tourism infrastructures, the political insinuations to intensify the cleavage of Shiite and Sunni schools of thought in Islam, the cultural and linguistic influence of some powers such as Russia and Turkey, and the dominance of political issues over cultural issues with regard to the Central Asian countries constitute some important reasons for the limited impact of the tourism policies on the Islamic Republic of Iran’s cultural diplomacy in Central Asia.

In the Middle East, Iraq has highest religious and cultural proximity with Iran. Regime change in Iraq creates the dual status of threats and opportunities to Islamic Republic of Iran's diplomacy in this country. Enjoying the cultural tools to achieve foreign policy goals have always centered on relations between countries. This is highlighted in recent decades and political changes in Iraq since2003 create Opportunity for Islamic Republic of Iran to expand its relations with Iraq and the cultural proximity of the two countries will benefit the nation interest. On this basis, the present paper deals with the study of Iran’s cultural diplomacy in Iraq. challeng facing Iran: conflict group, the turbidity of eight year war between the two nation and in the region: Arabic countries rival with Iran. This paper concludes that religion is the most leverage Iran cultural diplomacy in Iraq.