جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « handicrafts » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Prioritizing rural development is recognized as one of the basic principles of Iran's development system, and in this regard, the development of branding in the handicrafts sector can be one of the ways to achieve this goal.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of handicraft branding in the development of villages in the west of Gilan province.Methodology of Research: The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature.

 Geographic territory of research:

The statistical population of the study includes experts in the field of handicrafts in the west of Gilan who were selected from the experts and experts of the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Jihad-e-Agriculture Organization by purposive sampling. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview.

After identifying the dimensions and variables involved through the Delphi technique, the identified dimensions were examined and then after the approval of experts, they were classified into 4 factors: increase and improvement of income, job creation, village participation, population stabilization as indicators. Rural development resulting from branding were introduced. Then, the final research model was examined among the activists of this industry. The results showed that the relationship between branding and the four identified elements of rural development was confirmed. Also, among the four elements, branding had the greatest impact on employment.

Based on this, it can be said that with the development of handicraft branding, employment can be improved in the western villages of Gilan province.

Today, despite many droughts and many problems in the agricultural sector, most of the villagers are migrating to the cities. Despite the high unemployment in the villages, handicrafts can be used as a suitable alternative in the country's villages and create sustainable employment. The aim of this research is to provide a suitable strategy to determine the effectiveness factors of needlework employment of rural women in Irandag sector of Khash city. The statistical population of the research is made up of women needlewomen of the Irandag department and experts (specialists and university professors). According to statistics, 911 women are working as members of the cooperative and are engaged in needlework. Among the first group (needlemakers), 270 women were randomly selected as the sample size using Cochran's formula. Also, the number of 30 people has been selected as a sample size in the experts section as a personal estimate. The SWAT model was used to analyze the findings. ANP has also been used to obtain the object weight in SWAT. The results of the research showed that the WO strategy or the revision or adaptation strategy has the most weight with a weight of 8.170 and it is the first priority. The weight percentage of this strategy is equal to 0.26%, which has a higher weight percentage than other strategies. Therefore, the proposed strategy resulting from the SWAT technique is the revision or adaptation strategy (WO(.

Women's participation in the labor force and socioeconomic activities is now recognized as one of the key identifiers of human development. because social wellbeing and poverty are intimately correlated with women's economic activities. As a result, the current study's goal is to spatially evaluate the variables influencing rural women's entrepreneurship with a focus on handicrafts. In terms of its goal, method of data collection, and descriptive-analytical analysis, the current study is an applied one. For statistical analysis of the data, we utilized SPSS software's Spearman correlation coefficient, regression, and path analysis tests. For geographical analysis, we used ARCGIS software's spatial statistics models of hot spots analysis, spatial autocorrelation (Moran index), and IDW interpolation. The findings of the research show that according to the results of the path analysis test, economic, political and socio-cultural indicators have the most influence and technological factors have the least influence on rural women's entrepreneurship. Also, according to the results of the regression analysis, the indicators of government support, market, infrastructure, raw materials, education and information have the greatest impact on the entrepreneurship of rural women in the studied villages and the least impact on the entrepreneurship of rural women in the studied villages to social factors, equipment and new methods and approaches.

Policy formulation in agriculture and natural resources requires a sufficient understanding of the socioeconomic status of rural and nomadic beneficiaries. Meanwhile, regarding the country's economic growth, the nomadic community has particular importance in livestock production and related side activities.

Purpose of the research:

 In this research, some socioeconomic issues such as population, number and population of livestock, fuel consumption, handicrafts and lands were used to analyze the tribes of Khuzestan Province during the last three decades (60, 70 and 80).

Statistics and information required by the library method from socioeconomic censuses of the nomadic tribes in 1366, 1377 and 1387 in the archives of the Iranian Statistical Center were analyzed.Geographical area of research: The studied area includes Khuzestan Province, which is located in the south of Iran.

According to the results, the population and the number of nomadic families in Khuzestan Province decreased from 1366 to 1387. The results showed that most of the nomadic livestock were goats. The number of livestock nomads is higher in summer highland pastures than in winter pastures. The results also showed that most Khuzestan tribal households use firewood and charcoal for cooking and heat generation, and the fuel consumption of the Khuzestan tribes in different types of fuel consumption decreased from 1366 to 1387. The number of handicrafts produced by nomads increased from 1377 to 1387 and decreased from 1366 to 1377. In particular, the Pelas (tent) production among nomadic households has been higher than other handicrafts.

Developing agricultural activities, other handicrafts and other non-livestock activities can play an important role as sources of alternative and supplementary livelihoods, in which appropriate planning is necessary.

Handicraft value chain is an economic system consisting of a set of actors and business activities whose business, along with each other, leads to the development and trade of the product, from primary producers to final consumers, and for each network operator, value. The purpose of this research is to create opportunities for local people and enable them to participate in the tourism sector.

This applied research has analyzed the value chain structure of handicrafts in Metakazin village by documentary and field methods in 1399. Data processing and analysis was performed using SPSS V.23 and Smart PLS V.3 software. This study is divided into 4 general sections; 1- Preparing a questionnaire to determine the value chain of handicrafts on rural tourism. 2- Completion of the questionnaire by experts (professors, experts of related organizations, craftsmen). 3- Data analysis was analyzed and 4- The most effective factors on rural tourism development were identified.

The hypothesis of the effect of handicraft value chain on rural tourism development was confirmed with a regression coefficient of 0.749. The results show that the two actors of this chain, namely producers and government facilitators, have the highest direct and positive impact on the development of rural tourism, and the two activities of raw material supply and completion (packaging) have negative and inverse effects on the development of tourism economy. According to the results, the impact factor of the two levels of w retailers is small and low value, which in fact the physical presence of merchants and physical and virtual stores, permanent and local markets and distribution networks in the region are low. Innovation: So far studies A similar study that showed the causes and factors affecting rural tourism and assessing the impact of each of them, was not done in this area.

Given the multi-year droughts and the decline in agricultural production and rural incomes in the Kurdistan region, finding alternative solutions for agriculture and creating a stable source of income for the villagers is an undeniable necessity. Given the relatively long history of handicrafts in the Kurdistan region and its importance in employment and growth of rural businesses, the purpose of this study is to present a model of rural entrepreneurship development with emphasis on Kurdistan handicrafts. The research method is an exploratory mix that has been done in two separate stages. Data collection tools in this study, first in the form of semi-structured interviews with 15 academic experts and senior executives of rural entrepreneurship development, especially in the field of handicrafts and then compiling a questionnaire and distributing it among the statistical population. Entrepreneurs of the province (with Cronbach's alpha coefficient equal to 89%) who have been selected by counting method for study. After the six stages of content analysis, 237 descriptive codes, 28 interpretive codes and finally 7 comprehensive themes were counted under the headings of individual factors, social factors, economic factors, technical factors, infrastructure factors, cultural factors. The results of prioritizing the identified factors from confirmatory factor analysis showed that economic factors are the most important factor in the development of rural entrepreneurship.

A closer look at the findings of previous home business research always raises the fundamental question of what pattern or methods do home-based businesses use to organize and develop their marketing process? Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to design a marketing model for home businesses in which, while theoretically participating and developing the boundaries of marketing knowledge in home businesses, as well as practical participation and modeling of marketing activities of such businesses using a qualitative approach, with innovative research. And creating an effective convergence between the two fields of marketing and entrepreneurship will explain how and what is the marketing process and its components in home businesses in the handicraft sector. The results showed that based on the data paradigm model of the foundation, home business marketing as a central category based on the conditions of the entrepreneur, creating competitive advantage, developing innovation, resource management, improving the work process, focusing on opportunity resources and taking advantage of approaches Scientific and strategic; Strategies and actions based on business management, communications, customer, behavioral reform and training; Underlying conditions with cognitive, normative and regulatory approaches; Internal, external, functional and structural intervention conditions; And is structured with individual, organizational, and socio-cultural consequences.

Handicraft value chain is an economic system consisting of a set of actors and business activities whose business, along with each other, leads to the development and trade of the product, from primary producers to final consumers, and for each network operator, economic value. Creates. On the other hand, the tourism industry is the closest industry to handicrafts that can play a vital role in creating and expanding the handicraft market. Because buying souvenirs is one of the most important and popular activities of tourists and about 33% of the total travel time is spent on shopping and on the other hand, souvenirs in the form of handicrafts are very popular with tourists, especially high-income tourists. the purpose of this study is to create opportunities for local people and enable them to participate in the tourism sector and help local producers to provide the necessary goods and services and reduce the number of imports of those products. This applied research has analyzed the value chain structure of handicrafts in Metkazin village by documentary and field method in 2020. Data processing and analysis was performed using SPSS V.23 and Smart PLS V.3 software. This study is divided into 4 general sections; 1- Preparing a questionnaire to determine the value chain of handicrafts on rural tourism. 2- Completion of the questionnaire by experts (professors, experts of related organizations, craftsmen). 3- Analyzing data and 4- Identifying the most effective factors on rural tourism development; Done. The hypothesis of the effect of handicraft value chain on rural tourism development was confirmed with a regression coefficient of 0.749. The results show that the two actors of this chain, namely producers and government facilitators, have the highest direct and positive impact on the development of rural tourism, and the two activities of raw material supply and completion (packaging) have negative and inverse effects on the development of tourism economy. According to the results, the impact factor of the two levels of wholesalers and retailers is small and low value, which in fact the physical presence of merchants and physical and virtual stores, permanent and local markets and distribution networks in the region are low. The products are limited to seasonal exhibitions and partial orders, and the need to use new technologies and e-commerce to develop the market is obvious and necessary. Until now, similar studies that have shown the causes and factors affecting rural tourism and assess the impact of each of them, have not been conducted in this area.

The main purpose of this study was to provide a model for creating entrepreneurial opportunities for handicrafts. The research method in this study is mixed. The research variables were identified based on the opinions of 20 entrepreneurship and handicrafts experts who were selected based on the snowball sampling method. For the quantitative part of the research, the structural equation method was used using SMART-PLS software. To perform inferential statistics based on Morgan sampling method, 171 people were selected from 307 handicraft activists who each answered a Likert five-choice questionnaire. The result of inferential statistics showed that the psychological components (experience), creativity, progress in success, awareness and risk-taking), economic (capital, market, factors of production - raw materials - human resources, cooperatives and exports), social - Promoting the culture of handicraft education, social relations, social capital and advertising and information), laws and regulations, tax laws and regulations, customs laws and regulations, payment of government facilities and facilitation of workshop (and technological) permits. Methods and approaches New production of handicrafts, modern tools and equipment, application of the product, upgrading the skill level of producers) are effective in creating entrepreneurial opportunities for handicrafts.

One of the most important factors that result in rural development is preparing good conditions for rural entrepreneurship. The development requires enough attention to the motivations of those who intend to start entrepreneurship. Choosing entrepreneurship, taking risks, dealing with different problems, and tackling obstacles necessitate very strong motivations. The study was conducted to identify the pull and push motivations perceived by rural entrepreneurs of handicrafts. The statistical population of the study was rural entrepreneurs of handicrafts sector in South Khorasan Province, from among of which 22 participants were selected using snowball sampling. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews from November 2017 to June 2018. Analyzing the data using Colaizzi method let to seven major theme: Job problems, social barriers, improper resources productivity as push factors and social motivations, achieving economic progress, facilitating employments, and personal-psychological characteristics as pulling motivations. The results show that local entrepreneurs having the significant factor of interest in their own hometown and culture and preventing forgetting the handicrafts of the regions, are so motivated to do entrepreneurial works in spite of various problems. So, it is recommended that officials support productive employment and maintain art and culture in rural areas by facilitating starting new jobs and giving especial facilities to the active people of the sector.

The (Pistacia terebinthus) tree is one of the valuable trees of the Zagros mountain range that exists in the provinces of Kermanshah, Ilam, Kurdistan, Lorestan, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, and Fars. Although the fruit ripens in late summer, it can be consumed at different stages of growth. In some parts of Iran, various foods are prepared with natural products such as natural spring plants, fruits, seeds and raw sap, and the fruit of this tree is also widely used in food preparation. Cranberry juice is also used in the food, pharmaceutical, desserts and syrup industries, etc. Many of these foods are cooked in different parts of the country, which can promote a sense of freshness, freshness and health to yourself and your family by promoting education and encouraging the learning of these local foods. Offering this type of local food along with drinks prepared from coriander for tourists, even in restaurants and eco-lodges is remarkable and enjoyable. Preparing food with coriander fruit (wild pistachio) is also one of these delicious foods with good nutritional value that we have discussed in detail in this article. Production of products and preparation of handicrafts with coriander fruit (Qaqqavan) can be useful to provide a part of people's livelihood. The establishment of workshop units to display the art of men and women in this land will be useful in creating employment, which should be considered by regional, urban and rural planners in the field of sustainable employment. The sale of raw materials as a result of the suffering of our people in the field and the sale of hundreds of tons of unprocessed turpentine to European countries, etc., is a problem that needs serious attention. The approach of this article is descriptive, analytical, library and documentary approach

Craftsmanship is the embodiment of three elements of beauty, skill and thought, and since any handwritten product describes the historical, social and cultural characteristics of the place of production, it can be considered as an important factor in the recognition of culture and civilization. In recent years, the Iranian handmade carpet has undergone a period of decline and stagnation in international competitions with other countries. So, to create a competitive environment, these industries need to evolve, albeit not to the detriment of the overall structure of handicrafts and the specific characteristics of this art-industry. Therefore, considering the necessity of entrepreneurship in this section, identifying the characteristics of entrepreneurs as the successful people of society, makes it possible to develop these features in order to promote this spirit. This study is descriptive-analytic by identifying the individual and psychological factors affecting entrepreneurship and evaluating it among carpet weavers in Mahabad city. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS. The first part of the analysis of the results is a correlation between individual and psychological factors. The results show that the correlation between these factors is moderate in the sample. The second part analyzes the differences between groups in having an entrepreneurial spirit. In this section, there is also a significant difference between different groups in having an entrepreneurial spirit.

Handicrafts, especially carpet, are among non-agricultural activities that provide employment for many people, especially among tribes and villages. The main objective of the study is to investigate the problems of rural industries development in Zarrin Dasht County, one of the centers for producing carpets and gabbeh in Fars Province. The research method was qualitative and the relevant data were collected through interviews. The statistical community comprised villages active in carpet and gabbeh weaving in Zarrin Dasht County. Using snowball sampling method, 21 experts in carpet and gabbeh have been selected as the study sample from 3 main producer of carpet and gabbeh (Mesjian, Dary Shor, De Nou villages). The obtained data were coded and analyzed through grounded theory and using MAXQDA. The research results showed that the major barriers to the to develop carpet industry in Zarin Dasht County from the perspective of carpet weavers was a governmental institute that has affected the social, economic, cultural, and environmental barriers.

Rural development has a deep connection with economic growth and social security. In this regard, empowerment and capacity building and achieving sustainable development in rural areas are necessary. It is also required that a good explanation of the grounds for job creation in rural areas is provided to improve the economic situation in rural areas. Entrepreneurs are those that are compatible with the characteristics of today's world. Thus, for economic growth, we need the survival and continuation of activities of these people. One of the effective economic mechanisms in the field of entrepreneurship that can provide sustainable rural development is rehabilitation and development of handicrafts. Handicrafts in Anar has roots in the distant past, and many of its handicraft are now vanished. Only a few types of handicrafts have remained in traditional and experimental form. However, in recent years, new and diverse handicrafts have been developed among the youth by Cultural Heritage Organization and some public and private schools. In this study, an attempt is made to answer this question: What is the impact of the function and role of entrepreneurial projects (with an emphasis on crafts) on sustainable rural development? In order to answer this question, the theoretical framework was designed according to which the role of entrepreneurial plans and supporting rural handicrafts and its consequences were investigated in terms of economic impact (income, employment, land prices and variety of activities) and social effects (immigration, welfare, security and partnerships) to achieve rural development in villages of central city of Anar.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK: The best strategy to meet the challenges, especially the economy in rural areas, is encouraging the villagers to start "family business" through entrepreneurship. Thus, now the effort of people of rural areas to achieve economic sustainability can have increased by using local entrepreneurs because of the focus on the local economic resources through the development of entrepreneurship is one of the modes of economic development in these areas. In this regard, one can refer to Pakistan. Small businesses and industries form 48% of factories and industries in this country. 48% of industrial workers work on rural handicraft industry. One of the common features found in most handicraft is that they are made by using simple tools and very different from the production methods by the ancients. In order to achieve the development of rural industries using local knowledge is essential. It is based on the experiences of indigenous experience, and it is often transmitted verbally in the form of heritage. It is acquired via repeated use over time, tested and is compatible with the environment and local culture.
This study seeks to explain and examine the role of entrepreneurial plans, especially occupations related to handicrafts, in the development of rural areas of the central city of Anar based on the economic and social indicators of the impact of these projects on the survival rates of population, social welfare, income and rural employment. This research is a quantitative research, using descriptive-analytical data. For data analysis, one sample T-test and multivariate linear regression in SPSS software has been used. The instrument reliability was assessed by using Cronbach's alpha techniques 6 and it was 0.86, which indicates the reliability of the instrument.
The results of t-test showed that from the variables, only one has a mean higher than 4, which belongs to the "variable of employment for rural women". In addition to income and entrepreneurship, the employment of rural women indirectly affects the survival of the rural population. After this variable that have the greatest impact among other variables, it accounted for rural development (economic dimension) and (social dimension) in the study area. In the majority of cases, the mean value obtained is a number between 3 and 4. That means in most cases, the means are slightly higher than average, which indicates the formation of the changes caused by the influence of handicrafts in such areas. In four cases of variables, the means were below the national average. The level of significance shows that, in four of the variables "efficient use of uncultivated and barren lands" (0.053), "immigration from outside the village" (0.045), "legislation, support for producers in the field of handicrafts "(0.031) and" qualitative and quantitative development of infrastructure communications"(0.017) the significance level was higher than the alpha level 0.05. Therefore, it can be said that economic aspect of the development of rural handicrafts had the highest influence on rural areas discussed in this study.
Handicraft is considered as an art by many. The fields of handicraft in the villages of the city, carpet weaving is more common. But those who are active in this area receive little income they use traditional methods and produce rugs that have less monetary value. To fix this problem, strong management and permanent planning can be used to design a framework and roadmap for activists in this field. In rural areas of the studied city, the establishment of craft has caused diversification and the creation of employment and income in the economy, reduction of rural migration, improvement of infrastructure and increase in social participation. However, it has not been successful in reducing the cost of land, efficient use of wastelands and barren, immigration from outside the village, attracting private sector investment, job and legal security of villagers. According to figures obtained from the multiple regression test; handicrafts in rural development area is 0.70 effective, which shows its significant role in the development of villages in Anar. In this regard, on the basis of the dimensions mentioned above, the economy (3.33) compared to the social dimension (21.3) is more effective in rural development.

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Handicrafts constitute one of the artistic and cultural manifestations. Considering that each handicraft illustrating historical, social and cultural characteristics of its production location can also be taken as an important factor in declaring of culture and civilization and also considered as a cause for attracting tourists and foreign tourists. Because of providing income sources and job opportunities; many countries benefit from handicrafts as part of cultural tourism as well as archaeological sites and cultural heritage. In Lorestan province, because of the abundance of cheap raw material resources, long history of handcrafts production and variety of hand-made crafts fields, handicrafts can be known as an important factor to attract cultural tourists and the underlying employment and income for people of this province. The method of research includes descriptive-analytic and its type is applied -developed. To collect information, both documentary and field studies (questionnaires and interviews) were used. The research preliminary findings, using SWOT technique was investigated and finally 12 strengths and 13 weaknesses, 10 threatened and 13 the opportunity were studied, and 25 appropriate and applied strategies presented and finally the authorities, tourists and manufacturer's viewpoint-using TOPSIS technique strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities indexes- were ranked. TOPSIS technique results show that inner strength is more effective in developing handicraft than other factors. Thus, aggressive strategies perch on top of priority. Mobilizing and Integrating of the handicraft market, categorizing and prioritizing of products and fields which have the advantage of export products and crafts and complementary products, facilities granted to handicraft artisans, according to experienced and active marketers presence in the province and etc. are solutions to improve the current status of cultural tourism (handicrafts) in the studying area respectively.

IntroductionLalejin, with more than 750 years history of pottery and ceramic production is one of the most important parts of the pottery production in Iran. On the other hand, the highest employment rate of Hamadan Province (87/3%) is dedicated to this City. Besides, regarding the local and foreign tourists, Lalejin has always been considered as a tourism center in Hamadan. Unfortunately, in the recent years due to the problems this art - industry is facing with, pottery production workshops in this area are closing one after another. So, the purpose of the present paper is to identify and perform a pathologic diagnosis of the challenges Lalejin's Pottery Industry is facing in order to provide solutions and take new measures to achieve the growth and prosperity again.
Theoretical FrameworkSince the late 70s and early 80s, considering the deteriorating economic conditions, and even failing to provide the minimum basic needs in many third world countries, this, gradually caused to express doubts about the efficiency of the western models of development. It is believed that these communities with different cultural, economic background, requirements and capabilities should be looking for different and appropriate pattern of development. Therefore, the concepts of medium technology or appropriate technology, as a technology that meets the real needs of society, with less destructive effects to the society and environment have been raised. Thus, many developing countries to deal with unemployment and poverty have begun extensive planning to expand small and rural industries such as handicrafts.
MethodologyThe purpose of this study is to provide a clear picture of the challenges Lalejin's pottery industry is facing in the form of a model using Grounded Theory. This study used a qualitative method and the study population includes potters and qualified persons in pottery and handicrafts. Based on the proficiency and knowledge in the studied subject, purposive process of sampling was performed using the snowball technique. The main method of data collection in the Grounded Theory was the in-depth interviews. Theoretical saturation was gained after interviewing 30 individuals (10 experts and 20 potters). In this study, in addition to the researcher's theoretical sensitivity to data collection, specific criteria including credibility and dependability for doing the qualitative research were used to ensure the validity and reliability of the data..
Results & DiscussionIn the first step of data analysis, after the implementation of the collected data through interview, open coding was performed. Then, according to the nature of the challenges and the relationship between them, the codes from A to I were given to each of the propounded problems and challenges. In the axial coding, the coded data were compared and similar codes were classified in the same group. In the final stage, selective codingwas reviewed across all the stages of research with a holistic view through the story path review, the integration of the classes, and understanding the relationship between them. Finally, a conceptual framework derived from the combined results was presented. Based on the obtained results, Lalejin' pottery industry is facing 9 major problems which are as follows: problems related to the mobilization of resources and the required raw materials, technical and technological problems, structural and infrastructural problems, information giving and advertising problems, legal problems, administrative and management problems, financial problems, educational and research problems, and problems related to the supply and marketing system.
Conclusions and SuggestionsOne of the main problems is the resource mobilization and the required raw materials. The main part of this issue is related to the lack of research centers and laboratories for the preparation and processing of the raw materials. Technical and technological problems are other raised issues by the experts and potters. In Lalejin's pottery workshops, the required tools, moulds and patterns are still produced traditionally by indigenous people and welders which can reduce the efficiency and the quality of the products. Structural and infrastructural weakness such as inappropriate distribution of workshops at the regional level and their style - industrial activity mismatch is another challenge. Poor information giving and advertising to introduce Lalejin's pottery industry is another serious problem, whyLalejin name and its pottery industry which has the highest rate of inflow exchange for Hamedan has not been mentioned in tourism brochures. Other raised issue is related to the legal problems. Unfortunately, the social security does not consider pottery as a hard work despite the hardship and difficulties many potters are facing. On the other hand, working with pottery wheels is considered as an industrial activity which is not considered eligible for the artists’ insurance coverage. The most important challenges of Lalejin' pottery industry from the experts’ and potter's view are the administrative and managerial problems. One of the important raised issues is the handicraft's import through illegal channels. Financial problems are the other raised issues which affect the potter's ability to modernize their traditional ovens and kilns and the use of gas piping system. Poor education and promotion system and potters unfamiliarity with the modern knowledge of pottery is another major problem. In this regard, repetitive and undiversified shapes and forms, lack of innovation and imitative products are some other causes of failure while competing the Chinese products. Issues related to supply and marketing system are other challenges faced by this industry. The main problem to export goods is the variety of product's dimensions and the lack of proper packaging. Middlemen activities and the impossibility of direct supply of products due to the shortage of required beds and, consequently, meager profits of the producers are the major problems related to the marketing. In the end, the following suggestions are presented to solve the above - mentioned problems to overcome the challenges faced by the industry: Establishing research centers and laboratories,e setting up Trade Unions to protect the potters’ rights, reviewing the potter's insurance regulations, organizing the training courses and scientific visits, creating customs post in Lalejin, Developing modern and industrial packaging, Developing pottery cooperative activities in various fields, designing TV programs and advertising brochures to introduce Lalejin Pottery.

1. Knowledge-based cultural industries are among new economic opportunities for all countries in the 21st century. Cultural industries are parts of economics of new knowledge. Governments promote measures that lead to the support and development of cultural industries. Creative industries have 13 subsets and handicraft is one of them. This article investigates the effective factors in the development of GIVE (KELASH), handicraft of Kordistan, as one of the country's handicrafts. Despite its unique qualities, it has not developed so much.
One of the features of GIVE (KELASH) is that although it is rather expensive, it has innumerable proponents in Kurdish areas. On the other hand, both tools and formation procedure are primitive that cause hardship and serious damage to producer. Model of this product has not changed during years, and if there has been no creativity, it couldn’t have attracted the attention of marketplace. In addition, the production process is hard and time-consuming, and the time spent is not economical in comparison with the production cost.
The studies show humane resource need creativity, skills and aptitude, entrepreneurship attitude, ingenuity and motivation. Handicraft producers should use business skills and technology in addition to having a perception of art. This should accompany material and spiritual support of creative individuals and creating a collective and comprehensive workplace so that producers use other's knowledge more and better. On the other hand, changing handicrafts to consumer goods and its entering to family consumption basket, eliminating tourism obstacles, government's support for presence in international markets, formation of cooperation institutes for initial materials, and using other's experiences are effective; indeed, preventing immethodical imports of foreign handicrafts for preventing crisis in this industry is also necessary. Factors such as plurality and distribution of handicrafts units, weak financial condition, and interference of profiteer brokers in providing materials and buying products, maker's ignorance of consumer's taste and new production methods, repetitive design, lack of a trustee and concentrated organization in this industry, competitors and factory products are among the obstacles. Moreover, lack of packing, insufficiency of number, weak advertisement, and bad quality of some goods are some of the weak points.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effective factors in development of KELASH handicrafts. This issue brings about prosperity of handicrafts and leads to gaining resources and producing occupations.
2. The method employed in this research is developmental in terms of objective, qualitative in terms of method, or in other words, case-study and action research using data-based theory, and survey study in terms of data collection method. Open interviews with key knowledgeable individuals in handicrafts area and producers of this industry as well as some active persons in providing facilities to domestic workshops, and active social entrepreneurs in equipment of countrymen were done. In the action research part of the study, data collection and analysis were done alternatively. Analysis was done with the first observation and continued with interview and next observation. The important point was the matter which was referred to in all groups, and that is the fact that conspicuous product should be updated. Manual production procedure, different characteristics of workshops and producers, and protection of cultural authenticity in these two methods were not concordant, and a solution for this consistency was needed to be found in next interviews. Hence, solutions and indications which were presented one by one in the next interviews were gathered in the codification procedure and a good solution for elimination of the problem was proposed.
3. DISCUSION : After investigation and analysis of data, it was concluded that aboriginal knowledge and academic knowledge should be integrated with a standard procedure. Seventy-three categorical phrases were extracted in codification stage. Five elements of model emerged in selective codification stage. There are five steps in selective codification that put five elements of model in a coherent way to formulate a theory.
The first step is determination of central category that shows the main concept of research. The central category or issue is that KELASH is not updated that is a ley factor in lack of improvement of the above mentioned industry. In the next step, the categories around central matter was specified.
4. In the present conditions that upper hand documents guide both people and authorities toward resistant economics and reliability on internal capacities and opportunities, development of cultural industries such as handicrafts in Iran, as a cultural and civilized country, is necessary. Therefore, firstly the government should resolutely improve the conditions of this market and develop the mentioned product by using interlopers like media, educational and financial constitutions and make conditions for updating this product. In this condition, determination of government and help of interlopers improve the macro-milieu by humane forces and cultural development.
Achieving the purpose is possible through formation of constitutions and centers such as bunches and rural service centers and other direct measures in internal and near milieu. In this condition, economic, social, cultural, and environmental accomplishments resulted from the development of mentioned industry will appear and it is a step toward permanent development. This research proves that even a small and local handicraft in Iran has the capacity of being a huge and national industry and plays an effective role in economics and culture of country.

Handicrafts as the most important item of Iran historical identity and a cause for economic growth and development in the modern world show the tribal and native specifications this land. Handicrafts have played an effective role in cultural changes from long years ago. In many of Iranian cities and rural districts handicrafts are produced and hand-woven carpets are the most important one that makes the highest rate of exports. Hand-woven carpet cooperatives as a producing system that supports Iranian hand-woven producers play an important role in this industry. The research work deals with performance of these institutions in economy of the hand-woven carpet industry of Khorassan Razavi Province and tries to identify the existing problems and obstacles. Indeed, this research work tries to reach an answer to these questions, “How can we remove problems of producing hand-woven carpets by cooperatives?”, “How can we decrease production expenses by supporting the producing agents and to improve commerce as to this beautiful exportable goods?, and “How can me restore our exclusive status in the market?” THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK : Nowadays partnership of the people in determining their destiny especially as to economic domains became more necessary. Relying on public partnership and group activities and merging knowledge and modern economic experiences can present an appropriate method for solving problems arisen from unemployment, poverty and underdevelopment status of rural districts. Development of producing cooperatives including industrial cooperatives shall be an advantage for the villagers to achieve the best levels of sustainable development.

The present research work is of qualitative studies type and is done with the aim to remove the needs in economic fields of hand-woven carpet with emphasis on the applied aspects. The nature and method of this research work is of descriptive-analytical type. The data required for this research work are gathered from documents and library sources and through interview with 55 samples from the statistical society by using field method.

On the basis of studies already done and data analysis as to this research work, from among the most important achievements of the cooperatives as governmental institutions in the structure of the hand-woven carpet industry the following items are outstanding: A)Role of cooperatives in process of economic growth and production of hand-woven carpets. Analyzing the results and the viewpoints of the experts in this field shows that preparation of appropriate infrastructures for development of handicrafts, selling and buying in internal and international levels will cause promotion of economy. The results show that increase of production of hand-woven carpets by cooperatives will bring numerous positive economic effects. Employment, decreasing unemployment rate, increase of capital, decrease of disadvantages among rural society, promotion of tourism industry are the main effects. B)Role of cooperatives in promotion of the hand-woven carpets quality and remove the problems. According to the studies done, the facilities that the cooperative supply for their members in order to get economic growth plays the most important role in increasing production rate and economic growth in cooperatives.

The result of studies shows that the hand-woven carpet cooperatives play an effective role in production of hand-woven carpet without defect and in development of exports. Efficiency of these cooperatives in helping the waivers and removing their problems as to making incomes and investment in this industry has been noticeable. Supervising the method of weaving, and preparation of high-quality materials by these cooperatives, having identity and trademark, decreasing the role of middlemen and dealers are all important subjects that cause promotion of this valuable industry. Production of all type of handicrafts in general and hand-woven carpet in particular cause income and has a considerable value added. Investment in this section will help Iran to get rid of mono-poly economy. These types of activities in rural section need more governmental supports and investment which cause production rate. Such supports strengthen the producers in this field that cause decrease of unemployment.

From the late twentieth century, increasing attention has been paid to the concept of creativity in issues related to tourism development and urban regeneration. Emergence and generalization of the creative city idea is an evidence of this claim. Intense competition between cities as tourism destinations left them with no choice except finding some ways to differentiate themselves from other cities and tourism destinations. Focusing on development of creative industries and applying creative city strategies is one of solutions for many cities. Iran, despite its potentials, owns a small portion of revenues from contemporary tourism. Creative tourism is the last link of tourism’s evolution chain. Development of creative tourism in Iran especially in metropolises like Isfahan is possible for a number of reasons, such as existence of multiple subcultures in the city, richness of cultural and artistic products and authenticity of creative industries including handicrafts. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the possibility, necessity and analysis of the outcomes of introducing Isfahan as a creative tourism destination with an emphasis on creative handicrafts and Isfahan’s joining reputable international networks of creative cities. The present study is an applied research, in terms of data collection it is a qualitative-quantitative survey. Interviewees were chosen among experts in tourism and handicrafts fields. The research showed that based on the indicators defined by UNESCO and theorists such as Sasaki, Isfahan holds the potential of being introduced as a creative city of crafts. Isfahan joining UNESCO’s creative cities network has some positive consequences such as providing a unique image of the city, differentiating it as a creative tourism destination and simultaneous conjoined prosperity of tourism and crafts industries in Isfahan.