جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "new towns" در نشریات گروه "جغرافیا"

The identity crisis is evident as one of the consequences of the phenomenon of globalization, especially in new cities, and is one of the obstacles to attracting the population of these soulless cities. These cities are at best dormitories that do not create a sense of belonging and identity in the inhabitants. This can be seen in the basic principles of design of these cities, which include the formation of separate maps and taking into account the historical and climatic characteristics of the environment and the economic, social and cultural conditions of the people who are to live in it. By creating spatial and identity features, one can create and strengthen the sense of belonging to a place or city. Accordingly, this study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the dimensions of urban identity and their effect on the sense of belonging of the citizens of Sepahanshahr and seeks to answer the question of what indicators are effective on the identification of new settlements? And to what extent do these indicators increase the sense of belonging of citizens? The research method is descriptive-analytical and the data obtained from the distribution of the questionnaire among 150 residents of Sepahanshahr has been analyzed by structural equation modeling in amosographic software. The results show that social and functional indices with a regression weight of 0.683 and 0.430, respectively, directly affect the sense of belonging of Sepahanshahr residents and natural-environmental index with a regression weight of 0.386 on a functional index and physical-spatial and historical-cultural indices with a regression weight, 0.256 and 0.232, respectively affect the social variable and through it the citizens' sense of belonging.

A decade after the revolution, in order to organize the country's urban system, the construction of new cities around the mother cities and densely populated urban centers was put on the agenda of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development. But the expected results, i.e. systematization of urbanization and development of the country's urbanization, have not been achieved.

 This article was compiled with the aim of investigating the factors of failure of new cities in Iran. The target population of new cities in Iran and the sample population of the research are 50 geography professors specializing in urban planning. In this regard, 6 indicators have been used in 27 items.

 The results of the Delphi technique showed that the lack of land use plan with 3.94 as the most influential, followed by problems related to the employment structure and failure to achieve job self-sufficiency with 3.78, neglecting environmental-geographical studies with 32. 3/3 and the instability of urban planning policies and the continuous change of approaches in the field of housing and urban development with 2.92 are considered as other factors of the failure of new cities. Also, the results of Friedman's test also show that the technical-engineering and economic indicators are preferable to other indicators with an average of 5.58 and 5.12, respectively.The results of the factor analysis show that the lack of land survey plan and little attention to geographical studies; Failure to pay attention to the distance, problems related to the planning principles of new cities and the increase in the cost of urban services were recognized as the most important factors for the failure of new cities.

The formation and development of new towns has always been associated with the main cities of the region and the reduction of their dependence on the main city has been considered as one of the indicators of their planning success. However, changes and increasing the number of access routes to new cities is one of their necessities in the divisions of the country, which strongly affects the housing system in new cities. In this study, while reviewing the factors affecting the success of cities from the perspective of national divisions, the dimensions of planning and housing management in the two new cities of Andisheh and Pardis will be studied. One-sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance and Scheffe post hoc test were used to investigate the subject. The results of t-test show that among the 7 indicators studied, only the infrastructure-physical index with an acceptable average (3.57) has a favorable status. Meanwhile, the overall index of housing planning and management was below the set value with an average of 3.20. The results of ANOVA analysis of variance show that the dimensions of living satisfaction in the two new cities of Andisheh and Pardis are different. Thus, it can be concluded that the living conditions in the new city of Andisheh are better than the Pardis and the managerial and political conditions (in terms of national divisions) in the new Town of Pardis are better than those of the Andisheh.

Due to the increasing population and urban development, locating suitable locations according to climatic parameters for constructing new towns is the concern of today's world. Locating is an activity in order to select a suitable location for a particular application by assessing and analyzing the spatial and non-spatial seating properties of a land. Hence, locating suitable areas according to climatic parameters for constructing new towns in Qazvin province is the main goal of the present study. The method of this study is to determine the importance and weight of climatic parameters using fuzzy-AHP and data from two questionnaires Delphi and pairwise comparison method. The susceptible areas in terms of climate conditions were identified in a case study in Qazvin province. Finally the results show that, according to climate conditions for creating new cities, 9.6 percent area of the province were located in the highly desirable region, 31.3 percent in favorable region, 40.7 percent in moderate region, 12.3 percent in undesirable region, and 9.1 percent in the complete undesirable region, respectively

New towns are important as one of the widest efforts in the country's space arena and one of the largest decisions that make up a huge amount of the country's executive and financial capability. For this reason, one of the missions of planners and researchers in the field of urban planning is to monitor the functioning of new cities in order to identify the problems and disadvantages of these cities and provide solutions to strengthen them in achieving the goals set forth.In this regard, the present study, by examining the performance of the Pardis new city , and its low identification and deficiencies, seeks to improve the pathway of urbanization by presenting strategiesThe research method is descrip-tive-analytical and using the questionnaire tool. The statistical population of this study is all residents of Manasseh who in the 2016 census had a population of 73673 people To estimate the sample size, the Charles Cochran formula has been used. According to this formula, the sample size is estimated to be 383 people. The sampling method was simple random sampling in the whole city of the campus and the researcher combined (observation-interviewing) to examine the situation Indicators are con-sideredThe The results of this study indicated that the city of Pardis could not meet the needs of citizens such as transportation, healthcare, leisure and recreation, green space, cultural and ... so that the deficiencies caused the pendulum migrations of the citizens of the city of Pardis Tehran has become a metropolitan city, although the city has been relatively successful in terms of housing production, but the lack of growth along the housing and services of the residents has reduced the attractiveness of the city.

After World War II, in the wake of the rapid population growth and the expansion of urban problems, the creation of new cities as one of the most important urban policies was introduced to address these problems in major cities. But these policies failed in developing countries, particularly in Iran, due to the lack of precise plans and lack of attention to the needs and demands of citizens, and it seems that the new cities did not achieve their goals due to the strategy of creating new cities and their goals. Therefore, we must plan precise plans in order to preserve the existing population of new cities, but also to increase their populations. Participation of people in planning and respecting their opinions and opinions is perhaps the first step in achieving urban planning goals. Therefore, considering the importance of citizenship participation in the success of urban projects, in this research, citizens' participation in urban land use in the new city of Golbahar was investigated. It may be a way for the problems of the new cities. The research method was descriptive-analytic and data was collected using a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS software using regression, t-test, crosstabs, chi square and spearman tests. The results of the research showed that the level of citizenship participation in the new city of Golbahar is low and the least amount is related to land use, as well as their satisfaction with the services provided by the lower level. According to the results, there is a significant relationship between satisfaction, homework, age, education, duration of stay and occupation with participation, but the relationship between sex and marital status is not significant.

Quality of life is has a special place in urban planning studies according to objective and subjective conditions. The main goal of all plannings which is implied by thinkers and planners is Quality of life. The main objective of this research is to study the indicators related to quality of life from the viewpoint of the citizens of the new city of Parand according to 3 physical, functional and environmental characteristics. The research method is descriptive-analytic and survey based on using a questionnaire. The statistical population of this study is 382 people. In order to analyze the variables studied, SPSS software and statistical methods such as mean responses, parametric statistical test T for independent variables, synthetics and ANOVA test were used. The results of the research show that the quality of life situation in the studied area in the field of transportation and environmental, economic and social communication is not favorable from the viewpoint of the sample population. Only the situation from the viewpoint of physical characteristics (spaces and buildings) of the sample population is medium (with the mean 3) evaluated.

city of human biology bed and actually forming human life style and determine the quality of life and his satisfaction. improve the quality of life of it is important that can be other fields , such as the development of the development of social, economic, and robbed by the service. for improving the quality of life in any society, one of the most important goals of public policies that society. By the same token , with the aim of the present study measure of the quality of the urban environment with regard to the satisfaction of the people. work in this descriptive and analytical - based on regression correlation statistical methods. collecting information on the basis of a library field observations questionnaire and complete. with the formula of Cochrane sample volume 110 number per person a number of statistical of 88000 city of Alvand and selected at random and then to analyse the variables study, which included housing units, factors anatomical, functional, cultural and social welfare, natural, and service spss software was used. The results indicate that the level of satisfaction with variable factors and welfare services have the greatest positive impact on satisfaction Alvand city (467/0) and variable natural factors (123/0), the city's residents, the lowest satisfaction. Given the low to the satisfaction of natural factors, in the affairs of urban construction and use of materials and how proofing and angle and to build with regard to the temperature and the sun, the participation of most of the engineers.

This article, with a focus on the change and transformation process of the approaches and trends affecting the new towns policy, scrutinizes the first and second generations of the new towns in reference to the South Korea as a case study. The first generation of new towns development in South Korea is associated with the rapid growth of urbanization, industrialization and subsequently economic increase of this country. Lack of housing and inadequate housing supply, formation and growth of the informal settlements especially in connection with Seoul, and the subsequent centralization in the Seoul metropolitan area are the main and significant urban challenges of South Korea in this period. The second generation of new towns has been planned first with the aim of housing supply as their main function in the capital region. These cities are the result of approach that follow the qualitative, gradual and planned development in the form of small scale but multiple projects compared to the past. Decentralization of Seoul and Seoul metropolitan area, integrated regional development, and ultimately the balance of South Korea’s national territory are the key purposes of this process, in terms of spatial planning.

One of the critical issues related to sustainable urban in twenty-first century, is the growth and development of the city in space and on this basis, the civil management was forced to think about urban development. Tehran metropolis with its growing, developing immersive and without physical, environmental instability surrounding the statue has arrived. One of the ways for decentralization and redistribution of the population and facilities thought in spatial planning is the, urban development and building new settlements around the metropolis which must meet the criteria of environmental, social, economic, physical, geographical distance, etc. be considered in studies not lead to environmental catastrophes. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and its target is applied using the K-means and FCM's clustering methods to check this important. To evaluate the quality of the environment and determine optimal sites for the development the new cities in Tehran province in 3 pm base (man-made environment, social environment, economic environment and the natural environment) with a total of 22 indexes are used. The analysis and processing of indices for the paper two environments Matlab2013 and Arc GIS software was done. The results of clustering using FCM and overlay in the form of maps showing which areas are suitable for urban development in the East and South of Tehran. Also the plan was prepared by K-means that we can be used to provide strategies and integrated management areas.

INTRODUCTIONThe rapid growth of population in big cities of Iran and the need for leading this overflow of population and future economic activities from big cities to new towns have necessitated constructing them. Therefore, due to the economic, social and structural issues of Iran's cities, the solution for making new towns has been proposed. The plan of constructing new towns was suggested by the welfare committee of government's employees in the ministry of roads and Urban Development. There are some issues in relation to establishing new towns and how to plan and manage them. Not only new towns have not resolved the urban problems but also some problems have emerged in the process of urbanization in Iran and new towns have brought about management gaps. In this regard, the political management ability of a community is one of the most important factors in the planning, designing, implementing and managing a new town. The management ability of a country is greater; the possibility of creating administrative, economic, political and social institutions in a city is more possible. As a result, more people have the opportunity to live in a city with satisfaction. These factors provide more population concentration in an area and on the other hand, present more services to the dwellers. Therefore, the relationship and interaction between social organization and spatial organization is an important research issue in geography and urban planning. New towns can be considered as the most prominent examples of social, political and spatial complexities; because it plays important role in the structure of political, social and economic relations in societies.
Thus, this research is going to answer these questions:• How is the political management of new towns evaluated in the current situation?
• What is the pattern of the structure of urban governance in new towns of metropolitan cities?
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKThe political management of a town is the exact representation of local government and urban system that facilitate the spatial distribution in the towns and attempt to conceive the inside and outside of urban space and as a consequence the welfare and prosperity of people are provided in their life. The existing structure of management of new towns and their duties is the product of years of focusing on the system of government and bureaucracy. This structure of management does not possess enough ability to meet the increasing demands caused by the rapid growth of urbanization and outbreak of new changes in the social, structural and economic structure of new towns. Consequently, to solve this problem, in Article 12 of the Law of creating new towns, the Ministry of Roads and Urban Development shall ensure to announce the settlement of at least ten thousand people in a new town to the Ministry of Interior. The Ministry of Interior is obliged to establish city council and municipality in that new town, even if the plan of the new town is not finished yet. Not only by establishing the Municipality, the problem is not resolved, but also the management of these towns follows a dual model that has negative impacts on the function of new towns. The management of new towns is based on the management model of political spaces (The Ministry of Interior and State Governments) and the other one is the model of New Towns Development Company.
METHODOLOGYThe present study, in terms of purpose is an applied research and in terms of analysis method is a descriptive and analytical one. In this study thirty elite people were chosen by random sampling. The twenty-eight research indicators were selected based on the literature of research and the experiences of studies and also according to the purpose of the researches on political management in new towns. The K-S test was used to prove the normality of the variables. After defining the items and their normality test, all the items were ranked and specified based on the Likert score.
RESULTS & DISCUSSIONThe findings indicate that the importance of "Justice" indicator in the model of political management of new towns has been evaluated by 37.5 percent as Very Much, 31.2 percent as Much, and the other 31.2 percent evaluated it as Average. These evaluations demonstrate the high importance of Justice in the model of political management of new towns. Therefore, in terms of importance, the priority of indicators in the model of political management is respectively: contribution, enhancing the administrative capacity, empowering the local citizens, justice, and collective identity formation.
CONCLUSIONS & SUGGESTIONSAccording to a legal definition of duties of these management models of new cities, there are some similar functions that cause conflict and disagreement in managing the new towns. When these management models reach to an agreement in their functions, the town will develop. But the conflicts between them prevent them from focused decision makings. This gaps in the decision-making centers will have a direct impact on the functions.
Thus, these Institutions along with other serving institutions have considered some divisions based on sector plans and job descriptions, and technical and administrative problems. Now the most important problem caused by this multiplexing division is imbalance in the provision of services and lack of coordination. These factors show the increasing necessity of management.
To overcome the challenges of the new towns some strategies are suggested as fellow:• First step: to define a long-term development perspective
• Second step: to prepare an economic framework for sustainable development to reduce the risk of fragile economic structures in the new towns
• Third step: to prepare a comprehensive plan of public services to coordinate public services to local needs.
Strategic recommendations in the field of urban management are presented as these four strategies: establishing effective and developing governance structure in the field of urban management, creating coordination and interaction between institutions and organizations involved in urban management of the new cities, strengthening cooperation and coordination between inter sectorial and inter organizational, leading the objectives and organizational structure towards the developing.

The rapid growth of the urban population, has created issues and problems -including air pollution, unemployment, inharmonious development and etc- for cities. Planners of urban affairs, believe that creating new towns is one of the ways to solve the problems of urban areas. But these new towns, have not so far met the existent expectations, and one of the reasons for not meeting these needs, is lack of employment opportunities for the residents of these cities. Iranian new towns are mainly dependent on the metropolises, and mostly play a dormitory role. Residents of these towns are usually working in metropolises and surrounding cities. The purpose of this study is analyzing employment situation in the new town of Baharestan. The research method in this paper is descriptive–analytical and is based on the library and field data. To measure the research variables, we used questionnaires, also the data of comprehensive-detailed plan of Baharestan town. And for data analysis Eta-squared test, linear regression and etc were used. Results show that there is no significant relationship between employment in agriculture and industry part, and the size of Baharestan city, but we observed a meaningful relationship between the size of the city and employment in the part of services. While, those residents, employed in Baharestan, felt more professional satisfaction, than those ressidents, employed out of Baharestan. Also, results show that Baharestan new town has not been successful in creating occupation.

Nowadays due to rapid population growth and expansion of cities, the need to create new towns around metropolises including Tehran is necessary. For the establishment of new cities specific goals are considered, out of which the most important of them is overflow of metropolitan population. For this purpose, four new towns (Parand, Pardis, Andishe, Hashtgerd) have been constructed around the city of Tehran. This article tried to deal with a comparative study on essential applications of these towns and with their own proposed projects (matching on both sides). In this regard, the criteria status and physical- spatial standards (residential, commercial, educational, green spaces, transportation, and health-care, administrative and cultural applications that influence on urban planning) are considered in all four new towns. For this purpose, after arranging the land use tables, and extracting the data, minimum and maximum were determined. Then in order to unify data for better reconciliation, the normalization procedure was performed on data so that, the dimensions be between 0 to1. The obtained numbers make it possible to do quantitative comparisons by fuzzy model in MATLAB software. After this stage, numbers, language value, and subordinate membership (good, medium, bad) are considered. In the next step if - then rules of fuzzy parameters was applies to them. Then in inferential stage, the above-mentioned criteria, was compared in the current situation with the proposed comprehensive plan, and also with each other for four cities. The results indicate that the new city “Parand” with obtaining number of medium from the other cities is closer to its proposed plan. . In addition, the new town “Andisheh” has attracted more population and has been successful in this regard, considering the low amount per capita which is good evidence in this respect.

Following a rapid increase in population and the prevalence of urban problems after World War II، the building of new cities has become one of the most important urban policies for alleviating these problems in large cities. However، these policies have failed in developing countries due to lack of detailed plans and lack of attention to the quality of urban life. New towns can reduce the growing trend of problems in metropolitan cities only when they can offer a high quality of life to citizens. Today، quality of life and methods of improving it are the main aim of plans developed by planners and thinkers as both the aim of and the means for sustainable development. So، the importance of quality of life on the one hand and the necessity of building new cities to reduce urban problems on the other hand have led us to investing at equality of life in the new city of Binalud in the present study. In addition to identifying the factors affecting these weaknesses and challenges، this study presents ways to enhance quality of life. In terms of methodology; this research is descriptive-analytical. Data collection has been conducted using a questionnaire. Data obtained from the questionnaire have been analyzed using the SPSS software and the following tests: Pearson، t-test، crosstabs، chi square and Spearman. The results showed that quality of life is at a very low level. According to the results، there is a significant relationship between quality of life and the following variables: age، duration of residence، gender، marital status، and employment. However، there is no significant relationship between the level of education and quality of life.

To achieve the best possible distribution of the population by the best distribution of economic activities and social - in the area of land known as the Town and Country Planning. Thus, in the case of infrastructure development principles based on location and land-use planning, especially defensive positioning is done correctly, it can naturally play an important role in its passive defense. The efficient use of land and natural potentials can be a great influence in reducing the risks associated with various threatshave. Preparation of defense is a complex process in which a wide range of factors and criteria should be scrutinized. One of the most important areas that need special consideration in land use planning is to look at the development of border areas are both defenses preparation should be in .they laid the letter, analytic method developed in this research is to answer the question of how best to develop the land into islands, three islands Dramaysh mean?

Locating of new towns is one of the main factors in determining the success or failure of new towns in accessing their pre- planned objectives, and also one of the main challenges that new towns’ planners are faced with. This issue with regard to the stability of new towns in the past decade and the possibility of studing the results made by their establishment patterns, can provide an effective framework for planners in the future planning. So, this paper tries to evaluate location of new towns around Tehran as one of the samples generalized to the other cities in the country. Therefore, with respect to the accepted and desirable criteria for assessing the location capacities and their establishment distances in relation with the main city of Tehran, the possibility of analyzing distance variable on desirable function of these towns is calculated and considered. In this regard, firstly, by utilizing the world literature and emphasis on previous experiences, assessing indexes were determined and then evaluated by using quantitative analysis methods such as AHP and TOPSIS. The performed assessments and obtained results showed that in terms of accessing the proper criteria of locating new towns in the Tehran’s cities; ‘Parand’ new town with. 597 score is the most successful and ‘Pardis’ new town with. 381 score is the weakest, this issue in addition to the distance, is due to other general conditions of locating including proper access, environmental conditions and neighboring with urban markets.

In Iran, the policy of building new towns was proposed with the aim of decreasing demographic pressure on large cities during the late 1980s. Construction of new towns started and new urban problems and issues unfolded, after which different criticisms and suggestions for improvement were proposed. In this regard, the present article explains the reasons for the failure of new towns in Iran. This descriptive-analytic research takes advantage of documentary-secondary data collection method. Investigations show that due to temporary intense increase in the country’s population, widespread emigration from villages to cities and lower short term development capacity of cities compared to the population growth rate between 1961 and 1991, building new towns around many mother-cities of the country was not necessary. Yet, the main reason for the failure of these new towns in attracting population includes lack of a comprehensive plan to transfer industries from mother-cities to new towns, lack of an efficient public transportation system between mother-cities and new towns, uncertainty in predicting and grouping the population, economic situation and income of households in new towns, weakness in locating, lack of support from the government and other related organizations, the slower increasing trend of land price in new towns as compared to mother-cities, higher benefit of constructing residential units in mother-cities as compared to new towns, economic downturn and increasing inflation rate between 1990-2013, and purely physical attitude of urban planners in preparing the plans and neglecting people’s demands and needs.

In the term of growth urbanization، especially in developing countries، become a main trend in the world in large scale and huge amount of urban land transform to the urban buildings، always one important thing ignoring: urban spaces identity. Theoretical bases: Urban spaces identity is the most important issue in 21 century in social and physical domain. It is important for tow reason: first weakness of identity-make elements in new development process and second inattention to the identifier motives in development plans from detail scale to massive scale. New towns، specially، lack of this shortage and unsuccessful in population attraction for this are the main sign. The main goal of paper is survey of this subject in ten new towns in Iran (after revolution). new towns in Iran (after revolution) one of the most important policy in urban development process that Affected on urban development and urbanization. Therefore it is important for urban planner and management that be aware from the main current problems that this new towns. One of these problems is town identity and lack of that in case study in this research. Methodology research is combination of quantities and qualitative methods with using of Goular matrix model and questioner technique. The result shows that in final ranking Baharestan new town with 62 prominences of 100 is first based of selected criteria and Andishe and Pardis new towns are next. In the other hand town identity in Baharestan new town is strong in compare with the other cases. It caused by several reasons: first optimize urban planning in such new town، second exist of identifier elements and factors that strengthening the town identity in Baharestan. Notable result that population attraction in these new towns has harmony with results of this paper. Suggestions Based: on research result a framework proposed for Promotion of urban identity in the new cities was selected According to Guler model. In this framework using 8 criteria current situation and desired situation survey and optimized policy proposed.

Cities, as the largest collection of human traces, contain different elements, components, spaces, functions. Nowadays with the population increase in large cities and problems caused by limited space in those cities, urban engineers and experts have decided to build new towns to settle population overflow and decrease problems. Yet unfortunately, these urban engineers have ignored a crucial issue which is the city inhabitants and their need to create an identity, to feel survival and attachment. Imitating “aesthetic principles” of others, they have constructed an artificial environment and resulted in alienation and identity crisis. This has caused some problems for the settlement in new towns. Specifically in Iran, population settlement plans in new towns have not been successful and people do not show any tendency for living in these towns unless they do not have any other choice. Today, these cities have turned into a sort of dormitory without any functional and social interaction. New towns not only failed in attracting population overflow of metropolis, but also they failed in attracting emigrants due to lack of a defined identity and function. The present article seeks to provide solutions for dynamizing the environment of new towns, attracting larger population, creating an environment in which people feel comfortable, safe and emotionally attached. Descriptive-analytic method is used and data collection is performed in the form of documentary, secondary research. The findings of the research includes the physical structure of city and creating an identity in new towns, changing urban plans with the aim of bringing people closer and increasing their interactions and encounter.

In different countries, new towns are constructed based on necessity and their functions. Nowadays, making new towns is not of course performed with the aim of realizing the notion of ideal habitation or Utopia, rather decentralization of large cities is its purpose and main goal. Nonetheless, this topic is differently viewed in Iran in comparison with other countries, and its utility and function in Iran is not the same as the real purpose of making new towns in the world. This article studies the country’s population variations in recent decades and considers urban system of the country. It also analyzes the activities of new towns in recent years and eventually argues the necessity to make new towns in Iran. The agreement of this strategy with alternative ones, especially with the strategy of middle cities reinforcement, is argued as well.