جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "ngos" در نشریات گروه "جغرافیا"

The role of intermediary institutions and consisting of experts in the field of urban planning in order to inform citizens and fill the gap between them and urban management, in order to achieve partnership seems necessary. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of experts in urban affairs in citizen participation to improve the urban environment in the neighborhood. Thus, in a process of action research, the four-story People's Foundation was selected as a specialized urban planning center and the role of this institution in participation and awareness-raising to residents for two months continuously during the quality improvement project to neighborhoods in connection with welcoming the spring of 1397 in The two neighborhoods of Iqbal and Emamiyeh in Mashhad were surveyed based on Levin's action research model. The statistical population is the residents of the desired neighborhoods and the sample size in each neighborhood is more than 10% of its population. In different stages, observation methods, in-depth interviews, collection of comments on the banner, questionnaires and public hearings were used to collect data. The results of this research project, which is based on interpretive analysis, show that, on the one hand, the presence of semen can partially solve the gap in the partnership and help improve the relationship between urban management and citizens, but on the other hand there are obstacles in this direction. Which is mainly related to the weakness of legal mechanisms. Also, the presence of these intermediary institutions should be considered in the definition of partnership-based projects and the necessary grounds for the continuation of partnership and the continuation of talks with the people should be provided.

Today, it is so important to investigate how to deal with natural disaster in making communities and cities resilient in all disciplines. In the natural disasters of recent years, along with government assistance, non-governmental organizations have played a very important role in bringing people back to normal life quickly and repairing the damage. The quick impact of natural disasters leads to numerous damages, that’s why it is necessary to pay attention to the role of non-governmental organizations in effectively confronting people with floods. Therefore, this applied and descriptive-analytical research was conducted with the aim of assessing the situation of non-governmental organization in increasing social resilience after the flood crisis. The study population consists urbanism experts and non-governmental organizations. A total of 49 questionnaires were distributed between them. For data analysis, two sample independent t-test and path analysis of structural equations in SPSS and SmartPLS software were used. The results showed that social responsibility (0.890), trust (0.879), empowerment of individuals (0.879) scored the highest values, and educational spaces (0.663), emproving the quality of the environment (0.722), and providing voluntary experiences (0.746) showed lowest scores in the face of resilience. Therefore, non-governmental organizations can be effective in increasing social resilience after future crises by creating and improving educational spaces, improving the quality of the environment and providing voluntary experiences. Moreover, the results of two sample independent t-test showed that the desired dimensions are at the desired level (p<0.05). The responses of the two statistical communities of urbanism experts and non-governmental organizations in evaluating the role of non-governmental organizations in increasing social resilience after the flood crisis are the same to the variables in the response of the urbanism experts and non-governmental organizations.

Despite the growing role of NGOs in economic development and other sectors, The growth and sustainability of such organizations in many countries, especially at the local level, is challenging and deterrent. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of identifying, measuring and evaluating the Barriers of the formation of non-governmental organizations, by descriptive-analytical method, in 30 villages (equivalent to 2147 households) and 300 sample rural households in Javanrood township.Therefore, for designing a questionnaire, based on various studies and according to the conditions of Iranian society and the region under study, inhibitors (effective variables) in the form of 7 indicators (economic, structural, socio-cultural, infrastructure, educational, individual and psychological) and 54 items. The rate of formation of non-governmental organizations in socio-economic and environmental dimensions (effective variable) was identified in the form of 11 items and designed in the Likert scale.The collected data were encoded in SPSS software and through path analysis method, the direct and indirect effects of inhibitory indicators on the formation of non-governmental organizations in the sample villages were assessed and evaluated. The findings of the study showed that, Except for the psychological index, which had only a direct effect effect, Other indicators have had a direct and indirect effect as well as a high and inverse correlation coefficient in the formation of non-governmental organizations. In this regard, the most impact was related to the index of political structure (-0.689) and the least impact was related to the socio-cultural index (-0.222) and psychological (-0.171). Therefore, according to the research findings, in the first step, the change of approaches from "top to bottom" and " state-baced " to "bottom-up" and "community-based" approaches, defining the position of. Non-governmental organizations in the policy-making and planning system of the country, as well as productive and purposeful education of stakeholders due to the importance and direct and indirect impact on other indicators, is necessary for the formation of non-governmental organizations.Keywords: NGOs, Barriers, Rural Settlements, Javanrood township

The extensive experience of many countries shows that the success of development programs in rural areas has not been favorable due to some limitations, especially the lack of participation of the beneficiaries or the villagers. Since it is only the villagers who can effectively identify their perceived problems and needs, therefore their participation in the management process and planning of rural development and transformation - in all its stages - is essential. In this regard, local people can participate fully and effectively when they are organized and trained to make a united and continuous effort. Therefore, in this context, non-governmental organizations, as people-oriented and participatory institutions, are known to be the most important main means of achieving this goal, which can penetrate rural communities and involve villagers in the process of participatory and sustainable development. Therefore, since the late 1980s and especially in the 1990s, and with the introduction of the community-oriented approach, non-governmental organizations have received attention. Because the ability of local stakeholders in community-oriented development is a fundamental factor in enabling them to participate and influence the development and spatial developments have a special place. Therefore, it is necessary to make an effort to empower the villagers in order to reduce the negative consequences of their weak intervention in the process of development and spatial development. On this basis, to improve the organized participation of villagers in the framework of non-governmental organizations, it is necessary to develop planning and policies in order to invest in the improvement of the facilitators of the empowerment of villagers, such as; Education, awareness raising, trust and confidence, cohesion and solidarity, etc. should be placed in order to provide the necessary grounds for the formation of non-governmental organizations. In this framework, the analysis of the growth and expansion of non-governmental organizations in the spatial transformations of rural settlements, taking into account the improvement of empowerment indicators, is a new approach that has been addressed in this research.

In the present study, based on a descriptive-analytical method and based on a questionnaire, the relationship between rural empowerment facilitators in the formation of non-governmental organizations and the relationship between these organizations in The process of spatial transformation of rural settlements (in the form of 15 indicators) was measured at the level of 30 villages and 300 sample households in the villages of Javanrood township. The collected data were processed using SPSS software and using correlation test statistics, and univariate and multivariate regression.

Findings showed that there is a significant relationship between the improvement of empowerment indicators and the rate of formation and expansion of non-governmental organizations in the direction of the spatial transformation of rural settlements. But, this relationship has been decreasing-decreasing, which has revealed the inappropriate position of research variables in the study area. In other words, the implementation of empowerment methods due to the dominance of the "top-down" and "state-based" approach has not been able to create a sense of power and empowerment in the local stakeholders and their effective and organized participation in the framework of non-governmental organizations. The low level of participation of non-governmental organizations has caused failure in the spatial development of rural settlements in economic, social, physical and environmental-ecological dimensions. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to and improve the facilitation indicators of rural empowerment such as; Education and awareness, knowledge and skills, cohesion and solidarity, trust and confidence, participation, institutionalization and political support of the government, and changing the approach to "community-based" and "bottom-up", are a good ground for their participation with the aim of creating non-governmental organizations in the direction the spatial transformation of rural settlements.

Earthquake is a kind of natural crises that has caused a lot of damage to the affected communities in different dimensions throughout history. In this regard, NGOs, along with governmental organizations, can play an effective role in minimizing these harms and achieving maximum recovery and sustainability of these communities, if are planned properly. The main purpose of this research is to analyze of the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the rehabilitation and sustainability of earthquake-stricken areas in Kermanshah province. This research has applied a qualitative approach and directional content analysis method. The study population of this research is the NGOs active in the earthquake affected areas of Kermanshah province. The purposive sampling (a kind of snowball) has been used to select interviewees. Sampling continued to reach the theoretical saturation. In this study, theoretical saturation is obtained by reviewing 23 samples from the study population. Data collection is carried out through interviewing, observing and taking field observations, examining documents and often a combination of these methods. The findings reveal that the major activities of the NGOs in the areas of the earthquake include Needs Assessment and Information, Collecting and Distributing Goods, Providing Medical Services, Providing Psychological Advice, Providing Services to Children, Providing Services to Women, Providing Residential Services, Providing Health Services, Providing Environmental Services, Providing Social Services and Providing continuing education services. The results indicate that NGOs have played a significant role in rehabilitation and sustainability of earthquake-stricken areas, and with the right planning and policy, the maximum participation of active NGOs can be used as powerful arms in the reconstruction and sustainability of affected areas in future crises. Finally, some suggestions are provided based on the findings.

Considering the increasing importance and necessity of urban management in achieving sustainable and coherent development, the present study investigates the role of cements in urban management of Tehran Municipality. According to the research design, the present study is of field and applied type. The population and statistical sample size include municipal managers and experts of 22 districts of Tehran and 121 districts, of which 220 are mayors of each district and senior managers. The results were obtained based on Friedman tests and quadratic factor analysis. In this field, 6 components in the form of urban law, accounting and financial management, urban engineering, urban planning, environment have been considered as components of urban management. The results of Friedman test indicate that accounting and financial management has the highest rank, followed by urban economics with the next rank. Urban law is in third place and environment is in fourth place. Urban social sciences, urban planning and urban engineering are in the next ranks, respectively. The findings showed that NGOs, as an intermediary between the municipality, the people and the government, can play an irreplaceable and vital role and transform the municipality from a passive organization to a dynamic and empowering institution through communication, public participation and efficient management. .

NGOs can play a key role in providing first-hand services to communities in reducing the impact and vulnerability to crises. Therefore, the present study examines the role of non-governmental organizations in increasing social resilience against the Corona pandemic. The present research is qualitative in nature, descriptive-analytical in nature. Library studies and articles are used to collect information and the data collection tool is a questionnaire. Fuzzy Delphi technique and structural equation method have been used for analysis. In the first stage, Delphi out of 26 components, 22 components higher than 0.7 have been obtained, and in the second stage, all the studied components have been approved. The results show that the independent variables of the present study have a positive and significant effect on the independent variable of research (resilience), participation, prevention, empowerment, and support, respectively. The research findings also indicate that in increasing social resilience in Corona Crisis Index of financial and service support to prevent the spread of the virus and to facilitate transparency in information on the latest status and cases related to Corona; And consultation with banks and financial and credit institutions to attract their attention to pay more attention to vulnerable groups has been most effective.

One of the important issues of urban poverty; It is marginal. The intensity of development of suburban areas is due to the migration of villagers to cities, migration from small towns to large cities, as well as poverty, unemployment, cheap property, cheap rents and cheap land in suburban areas. Other neighborhoods have led to low-income families and young couples choosing to live in these areas. Suburban areas should not be left alone, as the release of these areas will lead to the spread of damage to other areas and urban areas. Given the expansion of marginalization, the government alone can not play a role in improving the informal contexts and organizing and assessing their needs. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and its method is descriptive-analytical. Data were collected through a library method consisting of articles, books and documents. The results show that components such as the formation of a strong and effective civil society, promotion of social capital in society and citizen participation in the process of public policy-making (marginalization empowerment) are the most important factors in empowering marginalized residents.

During the past century, the city management system has faced shortcomings due to weaknesses in civil and local institutions, absence of a well-defined organizational position within the national hierarchy, and lack of participation in planning as a result of centralized, top-down administration. Today, as a metropolitan city that is supposed to play an international role in the region and a national role in the country, Tehran is facing numerous problems and issues that stem from underdeveloped local communities and absence of good urban governance. Consequently, the present study seeks to address the role of NGOs as an institutional capacity in realizing and improving the governance process in line with increasing the participation of local communities.

Conducted with the purpose of examining the role of NGOs in realizing good urban governance in Tehran metropolitan city, this research employed the survey method and field studies. Data collection was carried out via distributing questionnaires among the sample population. The hypotheses of the study were then tested using statistical softwares such as the SPSS. The questionnaire included 35 items, out of which 10 and 25 items were specified to measure variables of NGOs and good urban governance, respectively. In this regard, 5 items were considered for each component of good urban governance which included participation, reliability, transparency, accountability, and efficiency. The scale of the study was validated by extracting the components of variables under measurement from the existing literature. Subsequently, they were localized using the comments of experts. Content validity and measurement scale were evaluated through qualitative reasoning. That is, the questionnaire used in this study had 3 content validities as the variables under measurement were derived from related research and constructs in questionnaires were correctly perceived by the sample population. To pretest the designed questionnaire, they were distributed among 10 experts and professors; next, following the correction and balancing of a few points, they were distributed among 30 individuals within the initial sample population; given the comments of this group, the relevancy of questions was ensured in relation to the sample population. Ultimately, the final questionnaire was designed and used for data collection.Results and DiscussionThe hypotheses were examined and the results are explained below:In the main hypothesis, it was stated that “NGOs play a role in realizing good urban governance in Tehran metropolitan city.” The significance level of F statistic value in regression test showed that NGOs are capable of playing a role in realization of good urban governance in Tehran metropolitan city at 95% significance level. Findings suggest that in order to realize good governance in cities as local environments, it is necessary to utilize capacities present in the constitution, century-long experiences of consultative localism (city association, Islamic council), and global experiences in the area of NGOs. Indeed, addressing the management of cities through a participatory approach requires an efficient framework which, according to the experiences of developed countries, is the good urban governance; an approach that is recommended by the UN as the global policy trustee in line with offering development. Accordingly, by increasing the social capital and accountability of local managers, emotional refining of the citizens, attracting social elites and guiding them in managing urban affairs, and providing social solidarity in Tehran metropolitan city, NGOs have provided the means for realization of good urban governance.In the first secondary hypothesis, it was stated that “NGOs play a role in realizing “participation” in Tehran metropolitan city.” The significance level of F statistic value in regression test showed that NGOs are capable of playing a role in realization of participation in Tehran metropolitan city at 95% significance level. In affairs such as participation and delegation of authorities, urban management needs to mitigate legal ambiguities and increase localized educational and research centers. Subsequently, the government can play an effective role in this process by carrying out a set of sociocultural actions such as producing educational contents for schools and universities, instructing teachers, judges, government staff, and law enforcement personnel, teaching the principles and frameworks on the importance of utilizing the participation of NGOs through media and particularly the IRIB, reviewing the current rules and regulations in Iran, and modifying bureaucratic procedures. Governments can also increase the authorities of civil institutions such as the NGOs and mitigate urban management issues with the help of the local citizens as local governments, using the indices of good urban governance.In the second secondary hypothesis, it was stated that “NGOs play a role in realizing “reliability” in Tehran metropolitan city.” The significance level of F statistic value in regression test showed that NGOs do not play a role in realization of reliability in Tehran metropolitan city at 95% significance level.

suggest that NGOs currently do not occupy a suitable position in Iran; accordingly, any collective movement considered as voluntary activities are at a declining level throughout the society. Therefore, despite the considerable willingness of individuals to participate in such activities, factors such as low levels of trust and reliability in the society and absence of common positive values has resulted in these activities to remain as mere mental desires rather than practical, objective actions. In these circumstances, NGOs cannot be expected to be significantly effective on the area of reliability.In the third secondary hypothesis, it was stated that “NGOs play a role in realizing “transparency” in Tehran metropolitan city.” The significance level of F statistic value in regression test showed that NGOs do not play a role in realization of transparency in Tehran metropolitan city at 95% significance level. There is an insignificant percentage of individuals within NGOs who believe in the effectiveness of these organizations on the transparency of the authorities; subsequently, an inconsiderable extent of willingness is shown to carry out activities in NGOs in line with establishing transparency among government authorities. It appears that in the current conditions, NGOs do not have a considerable effectiveness in realizing good urban governance due to issues that obstruct their activities along with the risks of engaging in political areas. As a result, to achieve success in increasing transparency, the entire government and non-government bodies and sectors including schools, universities, newspapers, the IRIB, and other mainstream media should work in harmony.In the fourth secondary hypothesis, it was stated that “NGOs play a role in realizing “accountability” in Tehran metropolitan city.” The significance level of F statistic value in regression test showed that NGOs are capable of playing a role in realization of accountability in Tehran metropolitan city at 95% significance level. By attracting social elites and guiding them in managing urban affairs, NGOs have managed to elevate the spirit of questioning among the members of the society; in addition, these elite individuals have managed to get their questions across to the government using modern communication tools including social networks. This has led to urban authorities to be held accountable, hence properly realizing this important aspect of good governance.In the fifth secondary hypothesis, it was stated that “NGOs play a role in realizing “efficiency” in Tehran metropolitan city.” The significance level of F statistic value in regression test showed that NGOs do not play a role in realization of efficiency in Tehran metropolitan city at 95% significance level. Such lack of effectiveness can be attributed to a number of reasons including structural inadequacies in NGOs, weak social trust in these organizations, economic issues present in voluntary activities, and absence of professional functions in NGOs in shaping the civil society.

Results showed that in general, NGOs do play a role in realizing good urban governance in Tehran metropolitan city; however, despite their effective roles in actualizing components of participation and macro accountability, they do not seem to have an adequate role in realizing components such as reliability, transparency, and efficiency. Ultimately, it should be pointed out that the structure of urban management in Tehran at local levels requires enhancing the role of NGOs and participation of local communities and multilevel and multi-agent governance in line with efficient and effective urban management whilst reinforcing indices of good urban governance including participation, reliability, transparency, accountability, and efficiency. Reinforcing good urban governance against a government-centered urban management approach requires a strong political will at the higher echelons of governance, particularly their belief in such pattern of administration.

In the 21th century, tourism has become the most important factor in connecting people to one society and other communities. According to one of the tasks of official diplomacy, one country must convince other countries to send tourists. Studies show that the tourism industry and tourism diplomacy as the most profitable industry in the world, due to the political and security view of tourism, the existence of highly centralized government structures has led to low participation of NGOs, so tourism appears to be on the rise. In particular, foreign policy related to tourism in Iran has not received the attention of policymakers and the planning system. The research method was descriptive-analytical and the required data were obtained from a set of diplomacy policies, tourism laws and regulations, and other domestic and foreign surveys and related external sources. And what impact do NGOs in Iran have on the development of tourism diplomacy? The results of the study show that tourism in the current situation where widespread sanctions and a resilient economy is the main issue of the country can be achieved with the participation of government and NGOs at the appropriate level.

One of the major structural and structural damage of Iran's management, especially in environmental matters Is Bureaucracy This is the case in times of environmental crises Cause Lack of initiative and timely response Has been From the macro management area. One can say that this is a global issue and there are several solutions for it which is one of the most effective initiatives in this field. The purpose of this article Is Review and analyze the role of NGOs In providing the ground for the participation of people away from stuck and administrative bureaucracy In order to manage the financial and geographical conditions of the environmental crises of Iranian metropolises. The main question of this article is that Due to the Inefficiencies of bureaucratic management in dealing with environmental crises in Iranian metropolitan areas How can people-public organizations manage the macroeconomic crisis of the country through the establishment of participatory management of the financial and geographic dimensions of the environmental crisis? In addition, the main question of other sub-questions is raised in this article what is the history of partner-driven management? And what are the views expressed in this regard? The findings of this paper show that Iranian metropolises face various environmental crises such as air pollution, vegetation and forest degradation, drought and ...That conventional government mechanisms have not only failed to manage them But because of the requirements of development and progress, and sometimes they have also exacerbated them. The research hypothesis is that NGOs can In contrast to the financial and budgetary constraints and the complex and slow structure of the state bureaucracy provide a collaborative model of management for the financial and geographic management of macroeconomic crisis in Iranian cities. Considering this introduction in this paper, using the qualitative research method and using library resources and scientific and research papers Will try To be paid Analyze and explain the role of NGOs In providing the ground for the participation of the people from the clutches of the administrative bureaucracy for the financial and geographic management of the environmental crises of the metropolises of Iran.

TThe study area included parts of the villages in Behabad، of Bafq County، Yazd Province، and pool research was conducted in 2008 and 2009. Research findings show that Rural Workers and Islamic Councils have relatively been successful in development of rural entrepreneurship، and local people believe that entrepreneurs، officials، experts and local commentators، Islamic Council and Rural Workers have properly provided the essentials of entrepreneurship development in rural areas such as entrepreneurial infrastructures، entrepreneurial attitudes and behaviors، cultural and social factors، attracting financial and economic resources. Therefore، the practices of Rural Workers and councils have been acceptable and led to the development of rural entrepreneurship. The policy of developing the popular participation in developmental programs can play an important role in the development of entrepreneurship. Due to the contexts and features that are suitably available in the rural environment، it is quite possible to form NGOs and organize them in different contexts. Organizations and nongovernmental organizations as institutions that represent different classes of people in the rural areas are very effective tools for development of entrepreneurship policies and accordingly could be responsive to unmet civil rights، needs، demands and expectations of various classes of society by providing the ground for innovation and entrepreneurship in different areas. They can also increase the transparency، reduce the bureaucracy corruption، facilitate downsizing، simplify regulations، and ultimately raise the efficiency and effectiveness of state management in rural development. To restore، improve or create such local people-centered organizations (in the villages and generally in national level) actually means democracy، assignment of affairs to people، decrease in government’s costs and responsibilities towards the rural management and also recruitment of public contributions in rural areas’ construction and developmental activities. These ultimately could lead to development of infrastructures، conditions and characteristics of rural entrepreneurship.

The current study has been done with the aim of evaluating the role of NGOs in the reconstruction and renovation of the worn-out urban contexts. In the same line, the study is going to assess the provision of the cooperation samples as well as the public institutions in the renewal of the worn-out urban contexts- with the supreme emphasis on satisfaction variables, public institutions, and social and cultural barriers. The study adopts a survey type research method and random sampling. The participants were inhabitants of the central part of Ahvaz city (a south-western city in Iran) who amounted to 6072 in 2006. Among all, 196 of the inhabitants were selected as the volume sample using the formula. All the study hypotheses were tested using X2 and correlation index. The results revealed that the reinforcement of the cultural and tribal values can lead to the reinforcement of cooperation and activation of NGOs in reconstruction and renewal of the central part of Ahvaz. On the contrary, in recent years, not forming such NGOs, in conjunction with some social and tribal modifications, has resulted in the decline of the cooperation course in the urban reconstruction and renewal.