جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "peri urban villages" در نشریات گروه "جغرافیا"

One of the challenges of unbalanced population growth and activities in villages located at the regional level and urban peripheries is the formation of unplanned settlements or informal settlements and similar limited areas in encroached or unsuitable agricultural lands in rural areas.The Tehran region has also witnessed various and numerous transformations in population, social, economic, and physical-spatial fields in the surrounding rural areas and its urban peripheries over the past few decades. Due to natural population growth and migration from villages and cities to the Tehran urban area, the population in this region has significantly increased. As a result, due to economic factors influencing location selection, low-income populations have settled in informal settlements in villages located within the immediate vicinity of Tehran. Given these issues, the aim of this research is initially to investigate the trend of formation and expansion of informal settlements in villages located within peri-urban spaces and the urban periphery of Tehran over the past half-century. Furthermore, focusing on examining demographic changes that have occurred in these villages over the past three decades, this research aims to present a current picture of their situation and provide spatial patterns for rural settlements while predicting potential hotspots for informal settlement formation.

This research is classified as applied research based on its objective, descriptive-analytical in terms of content, and qualitative-quantitative in terms of methodology. The necessary data was collected through document reviews, library research, official information, and statistics. To identify, map out, and present a current picture of demographic changes occurring in rural areas during the period between1996-2016 (the Iranian calendar), data from 283 villages with populations were analyzed using SPSS software. In order to identify spatial patterns of rural settlements and predict population density hotspots for potential informal settlement formation within these areas, interpolation methods and kernel density estimation were utilized within a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. The study area covers an area of 5920 square kilometers centered around Tehran city.

The analysis of the trend of formation and expansion of informal settlements in rural spaces within Tehran's region shows that since the mid- 1940 s apart from land reforms that transformed Iran's land system freeing up labor force along with rapid urbanization due to industrial development led to widespread rural-to-urban migration resulting in the emergence of informal settlements in surrounding towns and villages during this decade. During 1975-1985 two significant events; Islamic Revolution(1979) followed by Iraq-Iran war (1980-1988) played a crucial role in demographic changes leading to informal settlement formation. In subsequent years after 1996 until 2006 migration intensified towards suburban areas from major cities. People unable to afford housing especially in Tehran city moved towards creating new settlements in surrounding villages near Tehran. From 2016 on wards generally there has been a much stronger tendency towards rural populations moving towards larger villages mainly located in semi-southern plains near major cities' suburbs close to other economic centers.Examining population density levels within densely populated rural areas located within Tehran's periphery during 1996-2016 census period revealed that by 2016 population density was at 50 individuals per hectare which increased to 61 individuals per hectare by 2016 reaching close to 85 individuals per hectare by 2016 with a projected increase exceeding 168 individuals per hectare by 2026.Investigating the makeup and spatial patterns of population density in the settlement areas of villages located within the vicinity of Tehran also shows that, in general, the rural population tends to move towards larger villages more intensively on the outskirts of economic centers around Tehran and other urban centers in the region. The highest population density is observed first in villages surrounding urban areas located southwest of Tehran, then in villages southeast of Tehran, and with less intensity in south Tehran.

In the informal spaces around cities due to lower land and housing prices in rural areas, weaknesses in rural management control over construction, land speculation, proximity to the main city, and availability of minimum living facilities in villages have led to an increasing trend towards informal settlement patterns in villages. The housing system in these areas is heavily influenced by the main city and has been affected by various changes and functions.Neglecting and ignoring this settlement pattern in villages will not only have significant consequences for the villages but also pose a serious threat to the city and its residents. In other words, these villages cannot be considered separate from metropolitan areas and should be taken into account in planning processes (redevelopment or empowerment plans related to informal settlement areas) because these villages are constantly connected to the main city and are considered part of the urban area.Keywords: peri-urban villages, informal settlement, spatial pattern, Tehran.

Today; optimal management requires the utilization of local capacities and compliance with macro planning policies and systems. Accordingly, paying attention to local governance is the approach every planner uses. Peri-urban villages and especially rural areas of the Tehran metropolitan fringe must have an efficient management framework due to their influence from the city. This is possible when it is possible to identify the desired local management and related components. The review of the previous research shows the Weakness of the existing frameworks in explaining the integrated framework of local management in rural areas. This research has been done to develop a comprehensive framework of effective local governance processes in peri-urban villages with a systematic review.in terms of purpose, this research is basic. The current research has collected the components of local management of peri-urban villages in ten years with a systematic review approach. These components have been collected from 15 databases using 3 specific keywords and a clear and pre-designed strategy. After screening and qualitative evaluation, the final analysis has done on 20 articles—analysis of articles identified six components and 60 sub-components to explain the local management framework. The evaluation of the systematic review studies showed that integrity is a principle in local management. In this field, integrity in executive, structural, laws, financial sources of sustainability, policymaking, citizen-oriented, and vertical should be considered.

Evaluation of ecological capacity is the beginning of tourism development planning to prevent unfavorable consequences of rural tourism and achieve sustainable development. This study evaluated the ecological potential of the Peri-urban villages of Langrood based on Makhdoom's qualitative deductive method of prioritization for tourism planning. In this regard, were used from 1: 25000 topography and 1: 100,000 geological maps, aerial photographs, vegetation cover, topographic profiles, climate maps and other information in ArcGIS. The purpose of this research is "applied" and the scientific method used is "descriptive-analytical". The method of gathering information was field and documentation by observation and interview. The results showed that in terms of ecological potential of centralized tourism, 14.84% of this area is suitable for 1st class, 23.63% is suitable for 2nd class and 60.51% is inappropriate for centralized tourism. Also, the results of ecological assessment of extensive tourism showed that 39.65% of this area is suitable for 1st class, 5.96% is suitable for 2nd class and 54.22% is inappropriate for extensive tourism. IN this regard, the location of peri-urban villages in terms of ecological potential of extensive and centralized tourism has been shown in its different classes.

In recent years, rural areas affected by internal and external factors have undergone many structural and functional changes. Consequently, understanding these changes and the factors affecting them is one of the essentials of rural planning in order to provide a new definition of the role of the village and its functions. In this regard, peri-urban Villages have undergone more functional changes than others. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the economic, productive and industrial change of these villages. The purpose of this research is "applied" and the scientific method used is "analytical-descriptive". Data gathering tools are expert questionnaires and interviews using field and documentary studies. Accordingly, a number of professors were consulted to ensure the validity of the questionnaire. Its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.748 and factor analysis above 0.5. The study population consisted of households living in peri-urban Villages of Langrood and local village managers. The sample size was obtained using Cochran formula of 375 households and the questionnaires were distributed among the inhabitants of the villages. Also, the opinion of 22 local village managers was used to evaluate the criteria in the TOPSIS Expert Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and AMOS software and TOPSIS model analysis. The findings of this study showed that there is a relationship between physical development of Langrood city and changes in economic, production and industrial performance of the villages with mean of 4.16 and numerical utility of 3 at the significant level of 0.001.

Growth is the dynamism and evolution of the general characteristics of urban systems. The rapid growth of urbanization or the physical development of cities is causing the city to spread to rural areas. Continuation of this process expands the activities and influence of the city in rural areas and causes rural activities to be strongly influenced by urban needs. The main consequence of this will be the change in the relationship between the city and the village over time (Lynch, 1965: 49). Among the important changes that are mainly affected by cities and have been observed in some rural areas of Iran in recent decades, are functional changes (Zaheri & Rahimipoor, 2013: 122). Thus, housing, activity and employment, communication with others, collective life, education, rest and tranquility are the functions of rural settlements (Shamsoddini & Rahimi, 2013: 98). The acceleration of internal and external factors in recent decades has more or less changed these functions in different regions (Mohammadzade, 2010: 10). Deep and extensive developments that have led to the formation of new constructions (Woodz, 2013: 2) that will bring problems. Therefore, one of the first requirements for sustainable development and integrated urban and rural management is to identify the factors which affecting the functional changes of rural areas (Ahmadi et al, 2013: 183). Among these factors are population growth, expansion of human activities in nature, inappropriate land use, etc., which have exposed large areas of destruction (Makhdoom, 2014: 116). In this regard peri-urban villages have undergone many changes in terms of economic, production and industrial functions. Therefore, this question arises that what changes have taken place in the rural functions of the peri-urban districts of Langrood, and what factors have influenced these changes? And it is hypothesized that the physical development of the city of Langrood has influenced the functional changes of the villages in the study area. It can be guessed that these villages, due to their special geographical location and being located on the edge of the city, are more exposed to economic, social and other currents between the city and the village than other villages, and as a result, have faced changes in their functions.

In terms of purpose, this research is "applied" and the scientific method used in is "descriptive-analytical". The required information was obtained through both documentary (library) and field methods. The data measurement tool in this study is a researcher-made questionnaire that includes 10 items related to economic, production and industrial performance in the form of a 5-point Likert scale. To ensure the validity of the questionnaire, were used from the views of professors and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.748 and factor analysis above 0.5. The statistical population of the study includes all households living in peri-urban villages of Langrood and local managers, which according to the results of the last population and housing census of the Statistics Center of Iran in 2016 was equal to 5974 households. The sample size was 375 using Cochran's formula and was distributed among the residents by quota sampling method according to the number of households living in each village. In the present study, the information and data obtained from the distribution of the questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS, AMOS software and TOPSIS model.

The results obtained from the mean analysis and t-statistic as well as the effect path of the variables show that the physical development and expansion of Langrood city had the greatest effect with the effect coefficient of 0.678 on increasing the investment of non-natives in rural industrial activities. In this regard, the least impact is on increasing job opportunities in rural areas with a coefficient of effect of 0.510. This suggests that despite the expansion of investment in rural areas, job opportunities have not been provided to local forces, thus not increasing income for the villagers. After normalizing the matrix and weighting the criteria by Shannon entropy method, it was found that among the studied villages, Nalkiasher village with a weight score of 0.936 had the most changes in industrial performance. The reason for this is the creation of Nalkiasher industrial town in this village. In the next step, the leveling of options in terms of changes in economic, production and industrial performance based on CL (proximity coefficient) and relative proximity to the ideal situation in five floors (very weak from zero to 0.2, weak from 0.2 to 0.4, average 0.4 to 0.6, good 0.6 to 0.8 and very good 0.8 to 1). Based on the results obtained from the Topsis model, it was found that the village of Nalkiasher with a coefficient of proximity of 0.9351 had very large changes in economic-production and industrial performance. The rate of change in the villages of Lilakooh, Abchalaki, Divshal, Salkouyeh, Klidbar and Daryasar has been high and in other villages it has covered a range from medium to low.

The expansion of cities to their surrounding areas has different results in different areas. The physical development of the city of Langrood towards the surrounding villages has also changed the economic function of these villages. This is especially true in the villages closest to Langrood. In order to investigate the effect of physical development of Langrood city on functional changes of peri-urban villages, a single sample t test was used and the results showed that the mean values were higher than the mean (numerical desirability of 3) at a significance level of 0.001. Therefore, it can be stated that the physical development of Langrood city has an effect on changes in the economic, production and industrial performance of the study area and the hypothesis of this research is confirmed. Finally, the results of quantitative studies also showed that the physical development of the city of Langrood has increased investment in the villages under study, especially in non-agricultural sectors, and thus increased employment and income.

The quality of the residential environment is one of the most important factors in improving the quality of life and well-being of rural communities. This study investigates the quality of the residential environment in rural areas around Shiraz. The research method is descriptive-analytical and it is applied in terms of purpose. The data is collected from documentary and field methods. The statistical population of the study consisted of households living in and local managers of fourteen peri-urban villages in Shiraz county. The sample size was 398 rural households (370) and community managers (28). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. This was done with SPSS software. The results showed that the quality of the residential environment in the villages under study was below average. In terms of indices surveyed, there is a significant difference between sample villages. In addition, the results indicate that environmental health and safety-security indices have the highest and lowest contribution to the quality of residential environment.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of place identity on the livability of Peri-urban villages in Mashhad. The population of interest in the study, according to the results of the census of 1395, is the villages of Tabadekan rural district in the central part of Mashhad city, which are divided into two axes of Siman and Kalan. According to Cochran formula, the number of samples needed to complete the questionnaire was 169 households. To analyze the data, one-sample T Test, Pearson, and Smat PLS structural equations were used and for the ranking of villages, a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) method, VICOR, was applied. The findings of this research indicate that the mean of place identity among the studied villages is low and the place identity dimensions, which include differentiation, continuity, self-esteem, and self-efficacy, have a significant relationship with the livability variable. Therefore, the higher the place identity, the higher the livability of the villagers. The differentiation variable has a direct impact on the livability variable of .0001 This means that this variable has a direct effect on the livability structure of 10%. Also, the continuity variable has a direct and inverse relation of -0/29.7 on the livability structure. This means that with an increase in the structure of continuity, we will see a decrease in the unit of livability (by -0.297). In addition, self-esteem and self-efficacy variables have a direct effect on the viability structure with the rate of 0.31 and 0.61, respectively. As it can be seen, the self-efficacy variable as compared with other variables has a more direct effect (62.1%) on the livability.

Investigating the livability of peri urban rural areas has special importance and place in geographical research. Both urban planners and rural development planning scholars and researchers should open the door to balance and sustainable regional development through efforts to identify and explain these rural issues. The purpose of this study is investigate and analyze the livability status of peri urban Shiraz villages. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the data were collected by both documentary and field methods. The study area of the study is 13 villages located in the central part of Shiraz. From total rural population living in villages, 295 heads of households were selected as statistical sample. Given the varied geographical location of the study area, the natural position of the villages was also taken into account. The results show that the livelihood status of the villages with the mean value is 185.266 above the average (177). The results also showed that the level of livability was different in major indices. Other results showed that there was a significant difference in the livelihood status of the villages based on their natural position and it found that plain villages had a better livability status compared to other villages.

With the growth of urbanization and the expansion of cities, suburban villages are influenced by their central city. The size of agricultural land is reduced, will change to residential and industrial use, and will shift to urban features, though they still have many differences with the city. In fact, the Rural Space Organization is transforming, growing and developing in a way that retains some of its traditional features and embraces many of the characteristics of urbanization. In this context, it can be said that the suburban villages are strongly influenced by the growth and development of the cities and their relations with their development, but these effects are manifested mainly in the increase of population and physical expansion of the rural settlements around the cities, and they have little to do with economic and social development within the framework of sustainable rural development. These villages usually face numerous challenges such as environmental pollution, inadequate land use allocation, excessive use of cars, unnecessary exploitation of resources, shifting the economic structure from a production-based economy to a consumer-dependent economy, weakening of village cultural customs and collapse of longstanding traditions of rural cooperation and participation, that pose many problems in achieving sustainable development of rural settlements. The growth of suburban settlements in the metropolitan area of Tehran, rather than being the result of new rural migrants or natural population growth, is the result of redistribution and relocation of the urban population within the metropolitan area of Tehran. One of the forces driving such developments is the uncontrolled policies of urban growth. The existence of such a trend demonstrates the need to plan and formulate a proper pattern for the villages in the suburbs in order to avoid sporadic and unstable growth concequences and to achieve a quality of life. However, smart growth strategy is being considered as a solution to environmental, social, economic and physical problems.

The purpose of this study is to identify ten indices of smart growth based on the typology of rural areas of the country and to evaluate the villages around Tehran metropolis based on these indices. The general approach of this study is quantitative and data collection based on library-documentary data and field survey. Indicators of smart growth pattern matching the characteristics of rural areas of the country were identified by experts in the field of rural studies and the basis of questionnaire design was used as the main research tool in field studies. 74 indicators were finally accepted by experts in the form of ten smart growth criteria. Based on distance variables, population between 1000-1000, population growth rate above 3% and having a physical development plan, 15 villages were identified. Cronbach's alpha technique was used to measure the reliability of the research instrument and the value of 0.805 was obtained, which indicates appropriate reliability of the research instrument. To determine sample size, Cochran formula was used. Considering the size of the statistical population of the villages in the study area which is 41845 people, 378 heads of households were selected as sample population.

Radar test was used to assess the intelligence level of suburban villages of Tehran metropolis.
Radar test results based on Prescott Allen's five spectrum show that the villages are in two situations; 7 villages in non-intelligent growth potential and 8 villages in potential non-intelligent growth status, and none of the villages are in medium status or smart growth. The results of one-way analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between all villages in terms of smart growth pattern at alpha level of 0.05. Based on the Tukey test, it was found that the villages were divided into 4 floors. The villages of Zaman Abad, Ibrahim Abad and Sarbandan are on the first floor and tend to be sparse. Chehelghaz, Rye and Nouchman ghale villages are on the second floor; Abdul Abad Ghale, Qeshlagh Mallard and Mehrabad villages are on the third floor; Bagh Kamesh, Noamlak Ghale, Kordzar, Emameh Balah and Lalan are on the fourth floor; and in trendy condition, they are on the path to smart growth.

Although the suburban rural areas are heavily influenced by the growth and expansion of cities and their relationships with their development path, this impact is more pronounced in terms of population growth and physical expansion of rural settlements around the cities, and less as a sign of economic and socioeconomic development. Within the framework of sustainable development, they have their own village. In this study, we tried to evaluate the suburban villages of Tehran metropolis based on the smart growth model principles. To this end, based on existing research literature on the evaluation and analysis of smart growth components with special emphasis on rural areas, 74 items in the form of 10 principles including hybrid land use, intensive development, quality housing, attractive housing, pedestrian, environmental quality, optimized transportation, internal development, social participation and economic investment were designed and analyzed.
It can be deduced from the results of radar test and Alcan Prescott intelligence levels segmentation, that the villages under study are in no way in the position of a smart growth and potential smart growth (good) model and the process of rural development is more sprawl and potential dispersed growth (weak). Therefore, it can be said that the smart growth paradigm in the study areas has not returned to its position as a spatial strategy in regional and local planning policies, and is more susceptible to change, unintended and dispersed growth due to Tehran metropolitan policies and programs

The growth of suburban settlements in the metropolitan area of Tehran, is the result of redistribution and relocation of the urban population rather than being the result of new rural migrants or natural population in this metorpolitan.

Cities affect the rural areas around them. This can be reflected in various environmental, social, economic and physical aspects. One of the major implications of urbanization is the acceleration of spatial expansion of cities and the integration of villages and their peripheral lands. Urban sprawl and their uneven physical growth have led to the digestion of villages and their peripheral lands, the transformation of land abandonment and the degradation of environmental resources. This situation has worsened in metropolitan areas. Therefore, this research investigates the digestion process of the peri-urban villages in Tehran. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and data collection method is documentary and field method. The purpose of this study was to determine the digestive process of villages around Tehran, using remote sensing and geographic information systems. The research data includes Landsat satellite images of four periods of 1984-1994-2004 and 2014, analyzed and classified by ArcGIS and ENVI software. The results of the research indicate that many of the villages are digested in Tehran's physical texture. In the period from 1984 to 1994, a total of 16 villages were integrated into urban fabric., but by 2014, this number has increased to 100 villages. This urban growth trend reflects the rapid and growing growth of Tehran's population, and reveals the intensity of construction in the past thirty-year period.

Today, peri urban villages have many opportunities, constraints, opportunities and challenges due to the spatial proximity and spatial-physical dependence to the city which these factors are not so severe in other villages. Establishment around the city and the use of appropriate communication networks will allow the use of urban infrastructure and services in the economic and cultural-social fields for these villages. Job vacancies, mainly in the service sector, provide a source of income and work for villagers located around towns, so that a group of these villages have found a "dormitory" function. The set of these factors makes the living conditions, or, in other words, the viability of the urban villages, have a unique and status. The purpose of this research is to identify the key factors affecting the livability of peri urban villages from the people’s and local manager’s point of view and a comparative study of the attitudes of the two groups. The study area in this study is peri urban villages in Varamin Township. Awareness of the extent of the differences between the attitudes of people living in villages with the existing attitudes of Dehyars as local government custodians in villages can provide a clear vision for recognizing the priorities of people and authorities and bringing them closer to the extent possible.
Methods and Material: The research methodology in this study. With respet to the nature and objectives of the topic "Explanation the livability of peri urban villages” and in relation to the research hypothesis test, is descriptive-analytical method. In this research, Cochran method is used for sampling. The statistical population of this research is households living in peri urban villages in Varamin Township. Based on the number of households in these villages, 400 rural household questionnaires completed and their results were entered into SPSS software. What has always been considered in this research is attention to the criteria that have been specific and cause differentiation of peri urban villages from other villages in the study area. The method of data collection according to the nature of the study was in both library and field, and according to the necessity in each stage of the research, either of these two methods or both have been used.

The results of employment and income, housing, public transportation and infrastructure services from the viewpoint of tenants indicate a significant difference between the economic criteria and the average of the items. Economically, the difference between the views of the people and local managers is very slight and deniable. The results of the social criteria of public education, health, participation and solidarity, continuity and sense of place, personal and social security, recreation and leisure indicate a significant difference between the economic indicators and the average of the items. But the findings indicate a significant difference between the average level of social criteria and Dehyars viewpoint. The environmental dimension of habitat includes three criteria for green and open spaces, pollution and landscape. The findings indicate a significant difference between the economic indicators and the average of the items. But the findings indicate a significant difference between the economic indicators and the average of the items from the viewpoint of the tenants. From the perspective of the environmental capability of living in peri urban villages, as well as the economic criterion, there is no significant difference between people and local management, which reflects the depth and breadth of the environmental problems of villages.

Dehayari, as the main organization of rural management in Iran, plays an important role in providing public services and organizing rural life Whether rural dwellers have different views from people on the livability of villages may not be a big problem in their own right, it can be a warning sign for institutions and oversight bodies to continuously evaluate the performance of their tasks in carrying out their duties. Peri urban villages are the backyard of urban perpetrators because of their proximity to cities, and they host a lot of urban problems. Those Dehraris which conduct surveys and awareness of villager's views and tendencies toward their performance, they become acquainted with issues and problems and can work to solve or reduce these issues. Without continuous knowledge of the extent to which progress is being made and the achievement of goals, and without identifying the challenges faced by the local management and gaining feedback, and being aware of the extent to which policies are being implemented and identifying those areas that require serious improvement, continuous improvement will not be possible.

Theory of livability first time was formed on the Abraham Maslow''s work (1945) on human needs. Based on that، people first try to resolve their basic needs and then needs of the higher layers. Physiological needs are basic human needs in his life Such as air، food، water، warmth، sleep، health and sexual satisfaction. Livability have been accepted and appreciated by both residents and planners to create sustainable living spaces، practical and enjoyable work. More livable settlements، creates a greater sense of community ownership and lower rates of immigration. This section examines the impact of access to services on the livability of the villages we studied. Thus Scalogram and Morris methods are used which are approaches to graded levels of rural services and rural development. To determine the relationship between level of service and rural livability، the Pearson correlation method were used. Correlation coefficient has been established between livability score for each village and development of services in the Morris method. There is no statistical relationship between the two. This correlation between each livability dimension was measured by having the service have been measured. No significant relationship observes between the dimensions and having services.

Livability is a concept connected with the number of concepts and terms such as sustainability, quality of environment, healthy communities, etc. Although definitions are varied in different communities, defined objectives of planning should be used for creating standard native definition for livability. It is often used for defining the dimensions of community and Common experiences. It is usually focused on human experiences of place within the specified time and place. In addition, livability as a concept could be within (expanded/limited) context in which it is defined. However, the concept of life quality is often under spotlight of this concept and includes a wide range of measurable indicators with proven components such as density, transportation, security and sustainability. Livability, however, is the concept of interconnection of economical, environmental and social forms and always one dimensional and reductive measure to prevent it. There should be a network of relationships between various domains related to livability standards. Vergunst (2003) introduced a framework for livability in Aspinge rural area in Sweden. In this context, the livability is a product of interaction between local residents, community life, service level, physical location and local economy. Local population, (the number of), demographic structure (age and gender), and lifestyle are among important factors in this regard. Service level refers to communications services, schools, homes for the elderly and stores. Local economy shows the zeitgeist and power of place in creating jobs and incomes; and physical location describes the buildings and the landscape. Like other townships in the Tehran metropolitan region, Varamin has experienced peri urban phenomena (with their effects such as accelerated environmental degradation, unplanned and changing land-uses, severe shortage of services and lacking responsiveness) and the villages surrounding the town (is settlement of lower income groups - the group suffer from negative effects from neighboring towns and villages).