جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "protection" در نشریات گروه "جغرافیا"

Natural landscape refers to the human perception of nature. Rural landscape, as a type of natural landscape, reflects the most natural and meaningful way of human habitation throughout history. It is a perfect example of humans valuing the natural landscape and the mutual influence of these two landscapes is undeniable. This article attempts to examine the contribution of protecting the natural landscape of the village as a place-making factor in the process of rural development. This research is critical qualitative drawing upon a critical examination of literature in light of its theoretical foundation. The impact of the development process on the natural landscape of the villages was investigated through field observations in three villages of Kuhdasht city, including Payastan, Sorkhdom Leki, Abu al-Wafa, and the city of Darbgonbad. The results of the investigations showed that due to the lack of attention to place and place-making indicators in development plans, the natural landscape and its place-making role have faced transformation and the cultural role of natural elements in various fields such as housing and communications have been overlooked, and resulted in unplanned interventions irrespective of the natural environment, upset the tripartite combination of the landscape. In this article, an attempt has been made to examine the pathology of the situation caused by the lack of protection of the natural landscape as a place-making component in the development process of the mentioned villages.

Today's urbanization by blindly following the stereotyped model of urban development and ignoring local characteristics has caused the instability of cities and their surrounding areas, and the increasing growth of the urban population in recent years has caused unplanned development to cities. In the meantime, the most pressure has been placed on agricultural lands and gardens, and due to the inability of urban plans, the weakness of urban management in controlling the land market, the city has spread sporadically and by grabbing the agricultural lands and the environment of the suburbs, it has gradually undermined them. and it has caused the destruction of agricultural lands. The city of Kalvanaq, located in Heris city, like all the cities of Iran, is not exempted from this rule. Therefore, this research is descriptive and analytical and practical in terms of purpose which, with a critical attitude, is trying to formulate and process the uncertainties in the laws of protection of agricultural lands and the environment, by identifying susceptible areas to development within the boundaries of the city of Kalvanaq, the feasibility of the TDR method to prevent the change of use of agricultural and garden lands outside the boundaries put the city and its protection to the test. The results of the classified map of the areas of receiving and transferring development rights are according to national standards.

An area of 632,112 square meters is reserved for residential use, which is equivalent to % 50.16 of the entire area of the city. According to the population of 1395, which is estimated at 7,465 people, it is 84 square meters per person, which is 34 square meters more than the maximum per person approved for cities with less than 20,000 people (which is equal to 60 square meters). The usable residential area of 195,912 square meters is more than the desired area and indicates that there is no deficit of housing in Kalvanaq. With the forecast of 8718 people for the 1408 year, the number of residential units needed in the current situation for the city of Kalvanaq is equal to 409 units. Considering that there are about 29 hectares of cacant and small-scale land within the confine city, of which% 60 of this use will be allocated to housing in the proposed plan, the deficit of housing in the city of Kalvanaq will be solved publicly; But the lack of legal transparency and the existence of various clauses and notes about the change of land use, has caused the development of the city to take place more by destroying agricultural lands. The research is applied in terms of type and in terms of essence and method combined, using the facilities that existed in the FUZZY function of IDRISI Kilimanjaro, it was used to standardize maps, which aims to protect agricultural lands. and a garden has been done outside the confine city. The results show the capabilities of the Gis system in using prominent elements and indicators of the country in zoning the susceptible (arid) areas of the confine city for future urban expansion so as to cause the least damage to agricultural and garden lands.

The issue of management and planning for urban fringe in different countries always experience different approaches, attitudes that are generally in the form of protection or development of urban fringe and surroundings areas, because it depends on political, economic and institutional developments over time. For this reason, there is no uniform and formal definition of urban fringe among different countries. Over the past five decades, city of Tehran has adopted different policies in the plans and provided projects which were different in the preparation and implementation. In the present study, five decades of planning for the Urban Fringe of Tehran are investigated and analyzed, and these programs have been studied and analyzed from two dimensions of policy and quality. The paper is applied and is based on a non-intrusive interpretive approach. The information gathering tools are library studies and use of various sources and texts. The study's findings for policy analysis identified five categories (management, planning, organization, conservation, development) and for analyzing the quality of the seven categories (program presentation, effect of reality, popular participation, infrastructure capacity, land status, implementation and adaptability). The results of the analysis of the programs show that in the developed programs the main approach and policy is based on the protection of Urban Fringe, which in order to achieve it should improve the integrity (due to the way of implementation) and legitimacy (due to lack of public participation) of the programs.

Nowadays it is acknowledged that simulation and commodification of architecture through ignoring the connection with the existential nature of the ecosystem, has spread across many valuable residential areas after cities, especially in the villages. This research study has sought to find the meaning given to the human inner self within existence and makes endeavors to scrutinize these hypotheses: A. In the endogenous theoretical development, human existence creates the nature of endogenous architecture through the interaction with the natural human ecology. B. Endogenous architecture is a phenomenological concept that creates man and his existence in the ecology through architecture. C. Socio-cultural implications or the human ecology determine the functional, geographical, climatic or natural ecology causes which construct the theoretical concept of endogenous architecture in relation to human existence in the ecology through qualitative methods and logical reasoning. Subsequently, with the method of semiotic and phenomenological interpretation, the endogenous architectural aspects are extracted as an instance in the case study of the architecture of Oraman village houses. The findings of the study demonstrate that endogenous architecture as a model for creating and criticizing the work, is a phenomenological concept that is the result of human existence interacting with the natural human environment observed in architecture (over time), and the continuity of existence and the manifestation of human existence for immortality in the adaptation of architecture with the ecology can occur by care, protection, and participation. And thus the relationship among man’s inner part, architecture, and the environment is crystallized.

Biodiversity is one of the most important indicators of ecosystem diversity and dynamism. Birds, as a clinker indicator of ecosystem biodiversity, are considered as the habitat suitability and other necessary living conditions for any species. Therefore, the study of birds, especially migratory birds, is of particular importance as a clinker indicator. Due to the need for studies in this field, the present study was conducted to investigate the desirability of the habitat and identify the most important environmental variables affecting the distribution of the Anser anser species as a migratory and index species in Iran. Using 23 environmental variables and the nine models in the BIOMOD software package under R software, the Anser anser species is distributed in three types of habitats including winter-passing, summer-passing and breeding and stopeover modeling. The findings from species modeling showed that the models, used in species distribution modeling, have high accuracy in studying species distribution. In general, temperature and precipitation variables are the most important, while the variables such as vegetation and distance to roads are less important in the distribution of Anser anser species in Iran.  According to the results, 15.91% of the surface of Iran was identified as a desirable habitat for Anser anser species, which overlaps with 15.95% of the protected areas. Therefore, the used method in this study identifies the desired habitats of the species correctly. Besides, it can be applied as a suitable method to model the habitat suitability of similar species, which is essential from the perspective of conservation providing comprehensive and practical wildlife management programs.

Bird watching or the scientific study of birds is one of the oldest environmental sciences. The migration of birds, especially aquatic species, has long been of interest to many researchers. Birds, as a clinker indicator of ecosystem biodiversity, are considered as the habitat suitability and other necessary living conditions for any species. Therefore, the study of birds, especially migratory waterfowl, is of particular importance. Due to the need for studies in this field, the present study aims to investigate the desirability of the habitat and identify the most important environmental variables affecting the distribution of Anser anser species as a migratory and index aquatic species in Iran.

In this study, 10 presence spots for the summer-passing and breeding population, 116 presence spots for overwintering population and 25 presence spots for the passing population of Anser anser have been applied in order to model the distribution of Anser anser species in three habitat types including winter-passing, summer-passing and hatchery, as well as stopping places in Iran. These spots were obtained from the bird census reports of the Environmental Protection Agency. Three groups of environmental variables including topography, climate and land use / land cover were used to investigate the factors affecting the distribution of Anser anser species. Finally, 23 environmental variables were called for modeling in the biomod software package.

The values ​​of accuracy evaluation indices reveal that models such as FDA and RF have high accuracy in the modeling process out of the nine models implemented in modeling Anser anser stopover. Moreover, variables such as seasonal rainfall, distance to rural areas and the amount of rainfall in the least rainy season play an important role in the selection of stopover by the Anser anser. According to the results of the overlap analysis of the total area of ​​Iran, only 20.99% is known as desirable habitats of this species, which includes 18.69% of the total desirable habitats in protected areas.
Based on from modeling the habitat of summer Anser anser, all the models used in this study have high accuracy in studying the species distribution. On the other hand, the distribution of this species in Iran depends on factors such as distance to wetlands, distance to forest and distance to streams. According to the findings, 3.22% of the total area of ​​Iran is known as a suitable habitat summer Anser anser and overlaps with the presence of species, which is 4.09% of the total summer habitats. Optimal laying and hatching of this species is covered by protected areas.
The results of modeling the Anser anser species in the surface of wintering habitats indicate that all models have high accuracy. The distribution of this species in the surface of wintering habitats is affected by factors such as rainfall, distance to the city and the warmest rainfall of the year. Optimal habitats of this species cover 23.52% of Iran, which is 25.09% of the total desirable habitats of the studied species overlap with protected areas.
Examining the distribution of species at the level of ecological nests and understanding the relationship between environmental variables and the distribution of species using a biomod software package show how species respond to environmental changes at the present time. The findings from evaluating the algorithms used in modeling the habitat types of the Anser anser species reveal that the biomod software package has a high ability to predict the optimal habitats of this species. Thus, it has identified desirable species habitats at the present time, habitats that can be used in the future and have favorable conditions for species introduction, as well as habitats that had ideal conditions in the past. In this regard, the species of Anser anser Choose to spend winters in areas such as Urmia Lake, Fars province, Sistan and Baluchestan, Azerbaijan, Kurdistan and the southern parts of the Caspian Sea and in some eastern and northern areas of the country that have ideal biological conditions. According to the frindings from modeling, the Anser anser is mainly present in summers in Azerbaijan province, especially Urmia Lake and the surrounding wetlands. These areas are more preferred than other parts of the country due to favorable weather conditions, adequate security and availability of food resources. Locations of Anser anser in the country include areas such as the southern shores of the Caspian Sea, parts of the west and northwest, as well as northeastern areas. Proper identification of stops and providing applications to protect these areas is important due to the functional role of stopping places in meeting the needs of migratory species. In general, in the present study, it is found that 15.95% of the total habitats of the Anser anser species are located in protected areas. This indicates the existence of a large part of the desirable habitats of this species outside the protected areas. Therefore, the results of the present study show the need to reconsider the demarcation of protected areas in the future more than in the past in Iran.

The current study aims to investigate the distribution of Anser anser species and the effect of environmental variables on the distribution of this species in Iran using a biomod software package.  Based on the results, the method used in this study correctly identifies the desired habitats of the species and can be used as a suitable method to model the habitat suitability of similar species and also to study the biodiversity of habitats. This is essential from the point of view of conservation and the presentation of comprehensive and practical wildlife management programs.

he main goal of this research is to assess the future problems and protect of the historic urban landscape of Qur'an-gate, is known as one of the most valuable landscapes of Shiraz, against the development of contemporary construction. The main difference between this article and other similar research is the attempted to use the latest quantitative analysis methods in a three-dimensional environment to accomplish the accurate result Instead of general qualitative methods. Hence, the research method is a combination of both quantitative and qualitative methods. In the first step, Visual Protection Surface (VPS) technique in the ArcGIS and Rhino was used to determine the permitted threshold of buildings and compared with the similar values in the master plan of Shiraz. Then the simulated pedestrian views have been checked.The results show that the standards height determined by the master plan of Shiraz in the effective area of the historic urban landscape of Qur'an-gate have undergone from the serious defect. It means by implementing the existing altitudes, including construction up to 24 meters in the northern section of the Hafez-street and up to 33.5 meters in the Ali-ibn-Hamzeh-bridge, the pedestrian views of this non-renewable landscape will collapse completely. The results of applying the above technique indicate that by reducing the height from 1 to 14 meters in just 93 construction blocks and also strict monitoring to prevent the increase of unauthorized density, the full conservation from this historical urban landscape simply provides for the present and future generations.

Introduction:

 Urban river-valleys focus attention on city's spaces that have potential, capability and sensitivity and these particular areas in the current settlement system should not become to places that stimulate poverty and the counter-development flow. Tehran river-valleys, as sensitive zones with ecological, environmental, tourism, and urban landscapes, must be protected on the one hand, and on the other hand, the capacity of urban streams should be protected along the path of Tehran city development considered as the driving force behind developmental trends. In order to improve and rebuild these zones, interventions have been carried out in different stages. Quality of life in the valleys has been declined over time however there are various plans for it in Tehran. Urban river-valleys have been plagued by high human interference and physical, biological and human heterogeneity so that sustainable regeneration due to its multidimensional content and appropriate attention to decision making and management aspects is more appropriate and can provide better solutions to improve natural conditions with a spatial structure in mind. Sub-themes such as livelihood, spatial identity, attention to poverty and economic condition, urban governance, and citizen participation were a set of factors that improve the quality of Tehran's urban highways (sample studies of the river) and thus enhance the quality of life in Tehran and in order to establish a link between the concept of urban sustainable regeneration and river knowledge, the final model was measured. Therefore, in order to link environmental values ​​with city and river protection, the present study seeks to answer the question of how is the model of development and integrated comprehensive protection of Tehran’s urban river-valleys with emphasis on theoretical framework of sustainable regeneration? The goal of sustainable regeneration of urban river-valleys with integrated approach and protection is to link environmental values with urban development, improve quality of urban life, regulate human-nature relationship, preserve and revitalize river-valleys to create sustainable living, diversify resorts and prevent natural crises such as floods. Therefore, the overall objective of the research is to create a conceptual model of urban sustainable regeneration of Tehran’s urban river-valleys with a focus on Drakeh River-valley and then determine the effect of each of the components and indicators on the mentioned model.  

Methodology:

 The research method is to propose a sustainable regeneration initial model of Darakeh river-valley based on the theoretical framework with an integrated comprehensive development and protection approach then SEM and the second root estimation of the approximate error variance were used in order to analyze the quantitative data, evaluate the components and indicators and select the best model, respectively. The main purpose of applying SEM technique in this research is to use methods and parameters that can test, validate or refute the conceptual model of theoretical framework of the research. The main application of this technique is in multivariate themes, which considering each independent variable with multiple dependent ones. Researchers tend to use SEM because of the following reasons: a) estimation of multiple relationships, b) ability to measure latent variables (concepts not seen), c) calculation of measurement error D) ability to investigate the effect of co-linearity; e) Test of false and unrealistic relationships.  

Results and discussion:

The findings of the study are: 1) Proposing a sustainable regeneration model of Darakeh river-valley with a comprehensive development and protection approach 2) Quantitative evaluation of model components and indicators 3) Determining the interaction between hidden variables and explicit ones of model 4) Relationship between explicit component variables Together 5) Verify the basic conceptual model. The result of this study is that besides innovating the proposed sustainable regeneration of urban river-valleys of Tehran (SRURVT) model with emphasis on Darakeh river-valley, quantitative evaluation of components and indicators have been done in proposed model. Components and their importance were quantified, and the importance of the indicators were determined for each component, while the interaction of the components metrics with the quantities was shown in the conceptual model presented in Initially, weights of environmental, economic, socio-cultural, physical and managerial components and related indicators were considered equal. Via SEM, the relationship between hidden and explicit variables in the initial conceptual model was modified and finally the modified model quantified the value and weight of the components (independent latent variables). So that in terms of sustainable regeneration in the river-valley, the importance of components was determined as following, environmental indicators with factor 1, socio-cultural with 0/85, physical with coefficient of 0/81, economic factor with 0/79 and finally management factor with 0/71, respectively.  

Conclusion:

 These quantities indicate the priority of actions and weight of each component which ultimately provides a model for Darakeh river-valley that can provide a basis for starting applied research on sustainable regeneration of other river-valleys of Tehran.

Local community support in tourism development is an important factor for community-based management and tourism marketing; and play a crucial role in developing tourism and, therefore, households’ livelihoods. The aim of this study is to evaluate the local community supporting of coastal tourism and its impact on sustainable livelihoods of border villages. This article, from objective point of view is functional type and its method is combined-like (qualitative and quantitative). A questionnaire is the data collection tool which is used. The statistical population consists of village households on coastal border areas of chabahar county (N=3441). 345 households was chosen by Cochran formula and by means of simple random sampling. To analyze the data, first we assessed amount of local peoples’ supporting of tourism, in the next step, to investigate the effects of each aspects of local communities supporting for tourism development we used path analysis, and Analysis of variance (ANOVA) to investigate linear relation between tourism development and sustainable livelihoods, and to evaluate the effects of tourism development on sustainable livelihoods, Cramer's V correlation coefficient was used. The findings showed the perceived benefits of tourism and the sense of place belonging are so important factors which affect the level of supporting of tourism development. Reviewing the findings of relationship between tourism development and sustainable livelihoods show that there is a statistically significant relationship between these two variances; and the greatest impact of tourism development is related to economic sustainability and the least impact of it is related to social sustainability. Therefore, it can be said that with counting local residents’ views and make them participate in decision-making and tourist management can develop tourism and this consequently leads to sustainable livelihoods of rural households.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the pathology of criminal policy based on the Hazards Science to the pathology of the common areas of this science with criminal law. Hazards Science of securing health against potentially dangerous events has become increasingly important in criminal sciences in general and criminal policy in particular. Lawmakers seek to address possible threats posed by some crimes as comprehensive laws for future generations and events. In this regard, the legislator seeks to delineate, with offenses and penalties, directions to reduce the potential costs of environmental offenses to individuals, and communities.
On this basis, if the concern of risk, namely the preservation and promotion of environmental and human health and the effort to take care of prenatal care, enters into the field of criminal policy, maximum protection for humans and the environment can be achieved. Recently, floods that according to experts, have been facilitated by human factors and weak regulatory measures, have increasingly demonstrated the weakness of penal regulations and criminal policy. However, based on considerations of Hazards Science, to what extent and in what dimensions can this science be considered as the underlying cause of the floods and the criminal responses appropriate to these behaviors?
The method of this study is a library with a descriptive-analytical tool while studying various sources, giving practical examples, especially in the field of recent floods in Khuzestan and Shiraz. Finally, as a result of the pathology of penal policy based on risk knowledge considerations, this discussion has the potential to arise in various aspects of criminal law, from criminalization of risky behaviors to responding to such behaviors as well as outlining the appropriate structure. In terms of science, Hazard is a strategic priority. Previous studies have shown that floods, behaviors, and failures by competent authorities play a key role in changing the environment and lack of proper decision-making have been recognized in non-criminal regulations, and acceptable responses.
Therefore, in order to a criminal policy be efficient, fair and humane at the same time, it is necessary to use different types and amounts of penalties in predicting and enforcing criminal offenses commensurate with the variety of offenses affecting the flood, the variety of offenders, and the different conditions of the offense. Consider the core of superior criminal policy, which is to bring justice to society. Another consequence is that criminal responses should be predicted as compensatory damages to victims affected by the flood. In addition, given the subjective concern of Hazards Science in the areas of quality improvement and mitigation of potential threats to humans and the environment in the form of floods, the scientific approach to hazards and its classifications can attract experts in the field of criminal policy to develop effective systematic penal laws and strengthen their preventive practices.

In cities, limit is used to meet the needs of the city as a tool to restrict unauthorized construction, and limit is a good place to set up different and annoying industries that cannot function in cities. The aim of this study was to present a strategic analysis of the status of political management system of the limit of urban area of Tehran. Instruments and

The current applied documentary-analytical research was carried out in Tehran, using a strategic approach. In order to collect the data, library and survey studies were used and to evaluate in-system and out-system terms, the combined model, Analytic Hierarchy Process- Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (AHP-SOWT) was used. Therefore, a list of effective variables was prepared and, then, by means of a survey of experts, each of the variables was weighted and internal and external factors and strategies were obtained.

The total final scores for implementation of integrated management of limit of Tehran metropolis were 3.48 for external factors and 3.6 for internal factors, and acceptable strategies for integrated management of limit of Tehran were aggressive strategy.

The most important aggressive strategies include preparing the Hadi project for villages without project, compiling a comprehensive plan for the effective participation of organizations and stakeholders, identifying and locating appropriate spaces for the deployment of activities that are consistent with the limit of the city, seriously monitoring the reduction of pollution, planning, designing and creating urban green infrastructure, creating an atmosphere for effective participation of citizens, holding national, and international congresses and tours for identifying limit.

As a major architectural and civil treasury in Iran, Tabriz Historic Bazaar Complex is characterized by numerous capacities and capabilities. Today, lack of proper attention to perceptive contexts, values, and significances; and valuing it based on its material aspect, has led to unprecedented decrease in meaning and perception weight. This problem leaves visitors frustrated in receiving meaningful messages, leading to decreased place attachment, and reduced loyalty; making them liable to abandon or feel less socially committed. Absence of customers, would make the Bazaar of Tabriz functionally and structurally erroted; having adverse effects on its life. This research is to determine the effects of perceptive contexts, and the demensions of place attachment, on tourists’ place-satisfaction, and active loyalty in Tabriz Historic Bazaar Complex. This is an applied research with a descriptive-analytical nature and method. Research data were collected from library and field studies. We bnefited from questionnaires, the validity of which were approved in a facial way, and their reliability, using Cronbach's alpha (0.808). In addition, the research sample was determined using Cochran Formula with 5% error and 95% confidence level. Research sample includes 364 subjects. Spearman's coefficient, and multivariate regression model were employed to analyze the data. Findings and Research findings show that all the studied variables are powerful in determining the variance of place attachment in the Tabriz Historic Bazaar Complex in tourists’ eyes. Accordingly, all variables are significant if Coefficient of Determination (R2) were near 1; t-value, greater than 2.33; and β or beta coefficient were at Ƥ2=0.127)- is highly affective in directly determining active loyalty of the tourist in this Bazaar. Attention to the perceptive contexts and features of place attachment -with respect to its significance in terms of tourists' satisfaction and active loyalty- can affect protection methods; leading to effective and targeted presence of tourists and endurance and persistence of Tabriz Historic Bazaar Complex; being considered as points of innovations in the present research.

Development of tourism activities is one of the important topics in sustainable development and it has been introduced as a dynamic and growing industry. So, providing a suitable platform for identifying tourist attractions and planning for development them is an essential issue. Also, recognition of these attractions and natural talents in each region in order to make proper planning, leads to the formation of prone base of sustainable development and economic profit. In special natural and protected areas, assessment of tourism potential can be beneficial in order to reduce the damages and costs and minimize the negative impacts. Moreover, to achieve rural tourism in protected areas, applying rural cooperation approach can be helpful. Ecological potential assessment is assessment of inventory and potential of land by specific and pre-planned criteria. Ecological potential assessment studies are used as a basis for land use decision making and planning in all the world. For this purpose, determination of tourism areas in different classes according to natural ability, is important. Locating and planning based on natural condition can bring positive economic and social effects, and in the case of proper operation, it will have little negative environmental impact. For the development of tourism activities, selecting areas consistent with the ecological characteristic, on the one hand, reduces its negative effects on the environment and on the other hand, leads to boom tourism activity. Misheh Pareh village with cold and semi-arid climate is one of the villages of center part of the Kaleibar city in East Azarbaijan province. This village is in the Caspian catchment and the Aras river watershed and bordered by Khodaafryn city, Varzegan and Peyghanchay villages. Part of the largest mountain range of East Azarbaijan (Kharabakh Mountain) is in this area. Unique position of this village for tourism development is because of being in the Arasbaran conservation area and close to the border of Azerbaijan country and Aras commercial and free zone.

Firstly in this study, review of research, methods of evaluating and interpreting the contents recorded by other researchers have been discussed by library studies. More for potential assessment of this village to determine the most appropriate place to development tourism, multi criteria evaluation method analytic hierarchy process AHP was chosen based on the purposes of the analysis. One of the reasons for using this model compared to other models is in the ability of this model in quantification the qualitative indicators which is the most important reason for using this model in the present study. Since in this technique it is taken for granted that the study area is spatially homogeneous, these methods do not have the space dimension. Hence, a framework for multi criteria decision analysis based on GIS is necessary for using GIS capabilities in the acquisition, storage, retrieval, processing and analyzing data, integrated with the technical capabilities of multi criteria decision model. Combining GIS and AHP is a decision support method with powerful visualization and mapping capabilities, which in turn will facilitate proper use of land through creating a map. In this study, weighting and prioritization criteria were performed by using expert opinions. Then quantitative information of criteria entered into the GIS by using Marynouny help software and for each criteria a spatial layer was prepared. Selecting proper criteria, especially in optimal locating for different activities and organizing the structure of geographical spaces, creates the chance of comparing the alternatives and choosing the best of them. The important criteria to choose the best place to develop tourism in the area under study were identified and weighed through hierarchical analysis technique. Table 1 shows the final weight of the criteria. Totally, 10 criteria were selected and constructed as maps, as important criteria in potential rural tourism potential assessment based on research, data and expertise. Layers weight include: (Height: 0.0188), (slope: 0.0438), (aspect: 0.0171), (current land use: 0.691), (vegetation density: 0.2995), (distance from river: 0.1703), (distance from Water Fountains:. 0658), (close to the road: 0.0392), (close to the ancient site: 0.1482), (close to some villages: 0.1281). The four layers was considered as the limit and were deducted from the final output. Classification of layers in GIS by consideration of protected areas were divided into four categories. The valuation of areas in four category include Tourist prone areas)good), semi-prone areas for tourism (medium), areas with high tourism potential (voltage) and tourist areas without power (inappropriate) has been done. Criteria were evaluated according to SAATI method between 1 to 9. Then in the final step each of the layers were combined based on their weight, and the final tourism development potential map obtained in the region. In the studied area, important criteria for selecting a suitable place for tourism development were identified and weighted by using the AHP technique. After that restrictive layers include important habitats, ranging from the ancient site, the privacy safe of the river safe, the privacy safe Road were deducted from the final map.

Based on the Results Forested areas with dense vegetation 50-75 percent that is near the village centers, especially Osklu because of having more facilities and good access roads, has the highest potential for tourism development. Also due to the view point of safety in determining the potency of tourism development, privacy habitats and archaeological sites and forest areas with density of 75-100, have the lowest potential for rural tourism development. According to the comparison criteria and weights, vegetation, closeness to rivers, archaeological sites and central villages have the highest ratio of weight, and height and aspect have the lowest weighted coefficient. This coefficients indicate the importance of them.

Development of tourism activities is one of the important topics in sustainable development and it has been introduced as a dynamic and growing industry. So, providing a suitable platform for identifying tourist attractions and planning for their development i is an essential issue. Also, recognition of these attractions and natural talents in each region in order to make proper planning, leads to the formation of prone base of sustainable development and economic profit. Totally, 21.63 percent of the land of the region has good potential, 18.5 percent is mediocre, and 44.94 percent lacks the potential tourism development. Therefore, according to the good potential of the region, tourism development programs can be offered in this area in order to achieve sustainable development by a principle detailed plan.

The country's natural resources as a national treasure today as the benchmark for measuring the development of the country has become. Research done on the effects of co-villagers in conservation, restoration and exploitation of natural resources (Case of Mazandaran province) and interactions it has on the lives of villagers. The rate and degree of control of data collection and the ability to generalize the findings of the survey and how the survey was conducted. Mazandaran rural community with a total population of this research is about 1390000 people Using Cochran's formula for sample size n=128 is estimated means of a questionnaire survey. The content validity by faculty members and technology experts on the subject have been confirmed. Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient for %99/2 respectively, indicating very high reliability of the questionnaire. A total of 150 questionnaires were distributed and considered that this number, 132 were returned completed questionnaires by the villagers. Data analysis was performed using statistical software 18SPSS.This will contribute to stabilize the country. Finally, in line with the recommendations of the study are presented.