جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Metropolis » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

By taking advantage of social capital, the capacity of society to use and change the shape of the urban productivity system, fair distribution of opportunities and facilities (urban justice), response to all kinds of urban pressures and problems, increasing social participation and continuing the use and continuity of programs Urban (stability), will increase. Therefore, in this regard, the aim of this research was to analyze the structural relations of urban justice and competitive planning with an emphasis on the mediating role of social capital in the city of Urmia. The method of the descriptive research was correlation type and the statistical population was all high and middle level managers, assistants and specialized experts of the 5 regions of Urmia Municipality with the number of 545 people, using the Morgan table, the statistical sample of this research (225 people) was selected by sampling method. It was randomly selected. The tools of data collection were standardized questionnaires of urban justice, competitive planning and social capital. The validity of the tool is reported according to experts and reliability according to Cronbach's alpha. The method of data analysis was structural equation modeling, the results of which showed that the direct effect of urban justice on competitive planning (0.31) and social capital (0.62) is positive and significant. ; The direct effect of social capital on competitive planning (0.41) is positive and significant. Also, the indirect effect of urban justice on competitive planning with the mediation of social capital (0.25) is positive and significant. Therefore, urban justice as a new approach and an explicitly positive perspective in urban management can provide the basis for promoting competitive planning in the metropolis of Urmia by creating social capital in the city.

The role of intermediary institutions and consisting of experts in the field of urban planning in order to inform citizens and fill the gap between them and urban management, in order to achieve partnership seems necessary. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of experts in urban affairs in citizen participation to improve the urban environment in the neighborhood. Thus, in a process of action research, the four-story People's Foundation was selected as a specialized urban planning center and the role of this institution in participation and awareness-raising to residents for two months continuously during the quality improvement project to neighborhoods in connection with welcoming the spring of 1397 in The two neighborhoods of Iqbal and Emamiyeh in Mashhad were surveyed based on Levin's action research model. The statistical population is the residents of the desired neighborhoods and the sample size in each neighborhood is more than 10% of its population. In different stages, observation methods, in-depth interviews, collection of comments on the banner, questionnaires and public hearings were used to collect data. The results of this research project, which is based on interpretive analysis, show that, on the one hand, the presence of semen can partially solve the gap in the partnership and help improve the relationship between urban management and citizens, but on the other hand there are obstacles in this direction. Which is mainly related to the weakness of legal mechanisms. Also, the presence of these intermediary institutions should be considered in the definition of partnership-based projects and the necessary grounds for the continuation of partnership and the continuation of talks with the people should be provided.

The present study aims to investigate the frequency distribution of monthly, seasonal and annual temperature in the boundary layer of Shiraz. For this purpose, radiosonde data downloaded at 3.5 local time during 1394 -1380 (5478 days) from the University of Wyoming web site. Then, the height of the meteorological station of Shiraz (1491 m) was determined as the base level of the inversion of the boundary layer of air, and The Top of the Inversion layer was selected to the geopotential surface of 700 hp (an average of 1.5 km from the lower layer above the surface) as the study space. The results showed that October and November are the highest and July's low frequency of inversion days. On this basis, the autumn, winter, spring and summer seasons were the most days of inversion, respectively. Also, the results on the annual scale showed that the frequency of inversion days was increasing. As the average monthly increase in the frequency of inversion days, the air temperature in the first 5 years (1390 -1394) compared to the first 5 years (1385 -1389) was twice as high as 5 years in comparison with the first 5 years (1380 -1384). The annual average annual average also showed that 73% of the year (267 days) of Shiraz was faced with inversion phenomenon. The most intense inversion of temperature in the air interface have occurred in January, this clearly demonstrates the role of night cooling in the intensification of inertia of the temperature of the boundary layer of the air .

The metropolis of Tabriz, one of the largest cities in our country, despite its great historical, cultural, ecological talents, etc., has not been able to achieve its significant and worthy share in the benefits of urban tourism. Due to the autonomy of Tabriz metropolitan municipality and the instability of its revenue sources, strengthening the urban tourism economy is one of the most important and necessary strategies for the development of Tabriz so that in addition to economic growth, Tabriz can be introduced as a global city with many historical and natural talents. From these conditions and improving the tourism situation of this metropolis, a strategic plan should be prepared based on the facts and futures of this city. The first step in this direction is a scientific study in the field of strategic studies based on evaluating and discovering possible futures of this city. In this regard, the present article with a qualitative approach using common futures research methods such as Delphi, cross-section analysis and scripting methods along with the use of related software such as Mick Mac and Scenario Wizard to discover and recognize these drivers paid. This research is descriptive-explanatory in terms of purpose and practical in terms of application.Based on the results, three scenarios for the future of Tabriz tourism development were discovered, among which; The first to fourth scenarios were selected as the first group and the desired and probable scenarios.Based on the results of the scenarios, the situation of most vital drivers are moving towards a crisis, in which the situation of transportation infrastructure is in the worst situation and critical indicators should be strengthened for the development of urban tourism in the future.

Today, mother cities have great political, economic, commercial and cultural importance and are considered important economic and commercial centers of every country. In Iran, development has not been done in a balanced manner and we are facing an imbalance in the urban hierarchy system in the country, which has caused centralization in some cities of Iran and has caused the balance of spatial distribution and urban hierarchy to collide. One of the ways to solve this problem is to create a balanced form of urban centers, at different levels of settlement, population and function in the territory, in order to create balance in the urban network and hierarchy. In this regard, the city of Khorramabad is considered one of the middle cities in the Maranab series of cities. There are different methods for visualizing its transformation into a mother city, one of these methods is future research with a scenario writing approach.The aim of the current research is to identify the scenarios facing Khorramabad in joining the mother city network.

In general, this research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. And the Delphi method, interaction effect analysis, Mic Mac software and Schwartz scenario writing were used.The obtained results show that six factors were selected as the final key factors as well as two uncertainties and finally four scenarios were written.

Limited budget resources and economic capacities of metropolitan area management to provide resources for major cultural, technical and economic projects of metropolitan area management have made every effort to take advantage of the active participation of the private sector and create a competitive environment for their activities and decentralization in general. From decision-making to exploitation management, these efforts have been crystallized in various ways such as public-private partnerships and have accelerated the process of economic, social and infrastructural development. Urban development needs a conceptual relationship with its environment and must be related to its location in terms of content and respond to all interactions and dynamics resulting from the architectural, cultural and spatial context of its context. This research is descriptive-analytical in terms of method and nature and is in the category of applied research in terms of research purpose. In this research, library and survey methods have been used. Mean analysis, structural equations and regression tests were used to analyze the variables. The statistical population of this research is 100 managers of organizations and the private sector in Tehran Municipality. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting the implementation of the public-private partnership model in the metropolitan area of Tehran. In this research, a simple random sampling method has been used to select the present samples. The results show that among the 4 variables whose effect on the ppp variable has been studied, the monitoring variable has the lowest value of statistics and because they are less than the standard statistic value of 1.96, so the effect of this last variable is significant. It does not. But the other variables are significant and have the highest statistical value.

The present article reviews the indicators related to the paradigm of spiritual development in the production of urban space, and since the perception of spirituality is the basis, structuring conceptual dimensions and the desired semantic boundary of spirituality and spiritual development in the urban scale will require the use of qualitative methods. Those measurement parameters (codes and criteria) of spiritual-led urban planning are identified, and, in the next step, we will reach the field of measuring and evaluating the impact of these components. Therefore, the research tries to answer the following questions: What are the effective space indicators in producing the spiritual-based space from the perspective of the audience reading? What is the impact of these space indicators? Therefore, the present article is  mixed-methods research and is based on the strategy of grounded theory and structural equation modeling.

This research is mixed-methods research based on the strategy of grounded theory and modeling of structural equations, which in the first step by using meta-analysis of a selected body of research, the structure and elements of the model are identified, and then, in order to localize and identify other factors affecting the model, 23 interviews with experts were conducted in the qualitative part of the study, in which two criteria were effective in selecting the initial informants: experience in planning, policy-making, and administration in Samen region; and a minimum record of residence, presence or continuous activity in the context of this region. In this study, a total of 21 individual interviews and 2 group interviews were conducted. In the next step, in order to establish the relationship and sequence among the obtained dimensions and to present the structural model, the structural equation modeling (SEM) method was used, which based on the opinions of the experts and the analyses carried out, is the selected statistical population of Samen region. Accordingly, in accordance with the Cochran's formula and with a 95% confidence level, 384 sample units were required for all four sub-sectors and 12 spaces and the target resident and floating population. On the other hand, according to the SEM experts, in order to achieve sufficient statistical power and accurate estimates, the sample size should be equal to 10 to 15 sample units per predictor variable (Hooman, 2009), so with regard to the 23 predictor variables 345 questionnaire items were required. Finally, considering the size of samples in the first and second methods, the same number of 384 questionnaire items were developed and distributed to informed audiences and activists in this field within an area of ​​300 hectares of all sectors of Samen region (case sample).

After the initial coding of the text of the interviews and field notes, in the first step, 1014 initial codes were identified. In the second stage, by refining the initial concepts, the number of these conceptswas reduced to 251 codes or first-level concepts, of which by final reviewing of the initial concepts, the elimination of unrelated concepts, and the integration of similar concepts, 53 first-level concepts are obtained. Following the research analysis process, these concepts were categorized into 8 third-level concepts and 23 second-level concepts. The value of t-statistic obtained for all identified components is greater than 1.96, and the effect of identified components on the perception of spirituality is confirmed. According to Figure 4, and considering the value of the path coefficients obtained for the desired components, the sustanability component with the path coefficient value of 0.412 is in the first rank, the management structure component with the path coefficient of 0.200 in the second rank, the justice component with a final point of 0.181 in the third rank, the component of symbolism with the path coefficient of 0.166 in the fourth rank, the component of space arrangement with the value of the path coefficient of 0.160 in the fifth rank, the role component with the path coefficient of 0.154 in the sixth rank, the security component with the path coefficient of 0.129 in the seventh rank, and the component of modernizing theoretical knowledge/practical action in the eighth rank with the path coefficient of 0.103.

Unlike previous studies, which have focused on the production of basic spirituality, focusing more on the objective components of visual spirituality and more detailed dimensions, this study analyzed all the components of this process. The results of structural equation analysis in Figure 5 show the degree of effectiveness in the production of spirituality-based space is, from higher to lower, related to the components of sustainability, management structure, justice, symbolism, spatial arrangement, role-playing, security, and deterrence of practical/contemporary action taking of theoretical knowledge. The development of basic spirituality is a concept beyond the dominant view in current planning (which measures it to the extent of mere physical interventions on the façade and at the micro-scale of urban design). This concept is a three-level construct of concepts that, along with a process-oriented view (structural spirituality), tries to balance the flow of space production through the presentation of strategies and reflections such as reform in space management structure and modernization of theoretical knowledge as a reforming catalyst of the current cycle. The result of this research relies more on replacing the point- and product-oriented view towards a process- and action-based approach in a spiritual-based development, which can be used in development studies. In fact, the reform of the space production cycle and contemporary urban planning depends on understanding the mental social processes in interaction with the objective components, and if the planning situation changes from type A to C, we will see a balanced space production cycle and its positive consequences.

In many developing countries, cities have emerged as engines of economic growth by providing a variety of opportunities. However, high population growth in urban areas has put a lot of pressure on natural resources (Dambeebo and Jalloh, 2018: 235). Governments in developed and developing countries also use policies to counter the effects of urbanization. One of these policies is the issue of sustainable development (Abu Bakar and Cheen, 2013: 484). The social dimension is an important component of sustainable development. While the discourse of sustainable development is largely limited to environmental and economic concerns (Hemani et al, 2012: 783-784). The overall goal of social sustainability seems to be social justice (Koglin, 2009: 13). In the present study, an attempt has been made to measure the indicators of sustainable social development in Iranian metropolises by using Edas and Mairca technique. 

In the present study, by using the Edas and Mairca techniques, the indicators of sustainable social development in Iranian metropolises have been investigated. The metropolises studied in this study were Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, Shiraz, Tabriz and Qom. The most important indicators used in the Edas and Mairca are: number of public indoor sports facilities covered by the municipality, area of ​​public indoor sports facilities covered by the municipality, number of public outdoor sports facilities covered by the municipality, area of ​​the premises Public sports covered by the municipality, number of libraries and study halls, area of ​​libraries and study halls, number of cultural centers covered by the municipality, area of ​​cultural centers covered by the municipality, number of urban parks, number of forest parks, number of cinemas, Number of cinemas, number of cinema seats, center for social injuries, number of medical centers contracted by the Social Security Organization and number of hospitals contracted by the Social Security Organization. 

In most of the studied indicators on social development, Tehran metropolis has the most positive distance from the average. The results of using the Edas technique show that Tehran metropolis had the highest score with a score of (0.998), Isfahan metropolis with a score of (0.201) and Mashhad metropolis with a score of (0.189) had the highest score, respectively. The final score was Tabriz metropolis (0.143), Shiraz metropolis (0.100) and Qom metropolis (0.008). The results of Mairca technique show that Tehran metropolis with a score of (0.0049) has the highest scores of sustainable social development indicators. Isfahan metropolis with the highest score (0.1410) after Tehran had the highest score. The metropolis of Mashhad has gained the most points after gaining points (0.1462) after the metropolises of Tehran and Isfahan. The score of Tabriz (0.1520), Shiraz (0.1540) and Qom (0.1612) was gained. 

Comparative comparison of the results of Edas and Mairca techniques shows similar results and in these two techniques, Tehran metropolis has had the highest score. In the studied indices in the model of Edas and Mairca, Isfahan metropolis had the highest score after Tehran metropolis. The metropolis of Mashhad has had the highest score after the metropolis of Isfahan. In this regard, after Mashhad metropolis, Tabriz, Shiraz and Qom metropolises have obtained the most points, respectively. The results obtained in both techniques indicate inequality due to the difference in points between the studied metropolises.

Cities face a number of problems that undermine the quality of urban life, social inequalities, urban crime, poor environment, and traffic congestion (Psatha, 2015: 2). The rapid growth and expansion of urbanization and urbanization of the world has created many problems and difficulties in different countries of the world, especially in developing countries. Cities in these countries are facing the spread of various social anomalies, housing shortages, the spread of suburbanization and informal settlement, all kinds of pollution and environmental crises, spatial inequality, reduced quality of life and welfare, and so on. In recent decades, the literature on measuring inequality has increased significantly (Mussard & Xu, 2004: 201). One of the important suggestions in the field of measuring poverty and welfare by age (1976) has been presented. The age index is a suitable model for applied research (Mussard & Xu, 2004: 201). Measurement of poverty has been active in research since Amartia Sen proposed an obvious approach to welfare research in 1976 (Xu & osberg, 2000: 2). The aim of this study was to analyze the cost factors affecting quality of life and well-being in Iranian metropolises. Using the quantitative age index and taking into account the variables of food and tobacco costs, clothing and footwear costs, housing costs, water, fuel and lighting of a residential house, costs of accessories and furniture and services Household use, health care costs, transportation and communication costs, entertainment and cultural services costs of households and costs of miscellaneous goods and services in the metropolises of Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, Karaj and Shiraz to evaluate the effective factors The quality of life and welfare in these metropolises should be addressed. The research sought to answer the question of which of the cost-effective factors on quality of life and well-being in the studied metropolises had the greatest effect.

The research has a quantitative-analytical nature and the statistical population of the research consists of the first five metropolises of Iran in terms of their population. The studied variables are the official data of the first group (food and tobacco costs); The second group (clothing and footwear costs); The third group (housing, water, fuel and lighting costs of a residential house); Fourth group (costs of furniture and services used by households); Group 5 (health care costs); Group 6 (transportation and communications costs); The seventh group (the cost of entertainment, entertainment and household cultural services) and the eighth group (the cost of miscellaneous goods and services).

In the metropolis of Tehran, the housing, water, fuel and lighting group of a residential house with the amount of 1.4092 has affected household welfare expenditures more than other groups in this city. Expenditures on household appliances and services are in the last place with 0.0353. In the metropolis of Mashhad, the second largest city in Iran, the group of housing, water, fuel and lighting of residential houses with the amount of 0.9202 more than other groups of household welfare expenditures in this city has been affected. The eighth group, the costs of miscellaneous goods and services, was in the third place with 0.1694. In the metropolis of Isfahan, the third largest city in the country, the housing, water, fuel and lighting of residential houses with the amount of 0.7911 has affected the welfare costs in this city more than other groups. The group of food and tobacco costs with the amount of 0.7003 after the housing group has the most impact on welfare. In the metropolis of Karaj, the fourth largest city in the country, housing, water, fuel and lighting of a residential house with the amount of 1.278 more than other groups of household welfare expenditures in this city has been affected. The group of food and tobacco costs with the rate of 0.6915 after the housing group has the most impact on welfare. In the metropolis of Shiraz, which is the fifth largest city in the country, housing, water, fuel and lighting of a residential house with the amount of 0.8599 has affected more than other groups of household welfare expenditures in this city. The group of food and tobacco costs with the rate of 0.6561 after the housing group has the most impact on welfare.

In the metropolises of Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, Karaj and Shiraz, the costs of the housing sector have affected the welfare and quality of life of the family more than other sectors, and solving the housing problem of households in these metropolises is the main priority of the government.

It is believed that City, a living and dynamic existence is subject to change and transformation and its growth and development are affected in different aspects. The purpose of this study was Spatial reflections of large cities in the process of transition to a metropolis

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive- analytical in terms of method. In this study, land use and land cover maps of Rasht city were created using satellite images in four classes and the process of change was discussed. They, also, used spatial metrics in two levels of class and landscape to calculate the Rasht city Urban sprawl surface via FRAGSTATS software.

The present study showed that; Reflections of Rasht spatial dynamics are: the changes in land use system and land cover (increase in urban land use levels in a period of 26 years (1993-2019) from 4915 hectares to 9960 hectares and in contrast, reduction of agricultural cover, paddy and forest cover), urban sprawl (The coefficient of 103% increase in urban class and vulnerability and rupture of agricultural lands and paddy fields), imbalance in the spatial organization of the network and urban hierarchy, service-rendering and the expansion of the city economy foundations.

The rapid and dramatic growth of large cities and metropolises has always imposed major changes and transformations on its peripheral areas and has led to countless spatial reflections, including changes in the user system, expansion of physical boundaries and urban sprawl. Therefore, controlling changes and managing the physical growth of the city is very important to stabilize the growth of the city.

The life of any city, especially the metropolises, depends on its surroundings and in the meantime, agricultural lands and villages are important factors in the development of urban. villages and agricultural lands are threatened as a result of urban sprawl. In this regard the villages along with agricultural lands and gardens around the city of Urmia have not been removed from these changes and have changed their use with the expansion of the city. This study aims to investigate the physical-spatial changes of villages located in the city of Urmia due to the development of the Urmia city. In this study, the type of applied research and its study method is descriptive-analytical. The required data and information have been collected through a comprehensive and detailed plan of the city, analysis of maps and satellite images, as well as through documents, books related to the subject and related organizations. The results show that the villages located in the city of Urmia, being located in a corner of the city, but outside the city limits and the cheap land has become the main destination for migrants and farmers. They have closed agriculture and turned to non-agricultural occupations by changing the land use. As a result, the population of these villages has changed extensively compared to other villages, and this trend continues.

The neighborhood as a "spatial" phenomenon has both explicit and implicit boundaries and as a "social group" has homogeneity in the social, economic and cultural characteristics of its inhabitants. Unlike the pre-modern era, with the advent of the modern age, the divergence between the two concepts of "neighborhood" and "local community" began and increased over time, especially in large cities. Urbanism and the mother city lifestyle have been among the factors influencing this trend This research, while emphasizing its applicability, has been done by survey technique and descriptive-analytical method. The method of data collection was documentary-field. The statistical population was the residents of Shemiran No neighborhood of Madarshahr, Tehran. Qualitative and quantitative methods including one-sample t-test and multivariate regression were used to analyze the collected data. The results of experimental tests showed that the degree of adaptation of the physical territory of Shemiran No neighborhood to the characteristics of the local community has been assessed as moderate, so that the level of neighborhood identity in Shemiran No neighborhood has been moderate and high; However, this situation has not led to the formation and improvement of interactions and internal social solidarity of neighborhood residents. So that the level of social solidarity among the residents of the neighborhood has been below average. The results of multivariate regression test also showed that all most of the indicators of urbanism as an independent variable have negative relationships and effects on the components of local community.

Today, the existing infrastructure in cities, especially metropolises, should be attractive platforms for attracting and cultivating the talents, innovations and ideas of citizens. The importance of creative cities in today's competitive world is linked to big cities that are centers of wealth and innovation. The metropolis of Tabriz, as one of the historical cities of Iran, has always been a source of wealth and technology. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of effective components on the realization of creative cities in Tabriz. The type of research is applied and its method is descriptive-analytical. Pearson and multivariate regression tests were used to analyze the data and ANP and TOPSIS models were used to prioritize urban areas based on creative city indicators. The statistical population of the study is the ten regions of Tabriz and their population. The research indicators include 10 criteria with 16 sub-criteria. The results of statistical tests showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between all components of the creative city and the level of creativity in the urban areas of Tabriz at the level of 0.000. The results of Pearson test showed that the two variables of creativity infrastructure and creative class with 0.587 and 0.557 had the highest level of significance with the realization of the creative city. The results of ANP model showed that the two criteria of creativity infrastructure and creative class are of higher importance with a score of 0.398 and 0.269, respectively. Districts 1 and 2 have better conditions due to the concentration of creative infrastructure and creative class such as professors, students, elites and doctors. As a result, some solutions such as the development of elite recruitment centers, maintaining the creative class, balanced investment in all areas in order to develop the city of Tabriz based on the indicators of the creative city are significant.

Geographical studies on food categorized in five scales; global and transnational, national and regional, urban, rural and agricultural, domestic scales of food consumption and the individual as a consumer. Based on this categorization, the present study is placed within urban and domestic scales. By accepting that population of Tehran metropolis will definitely increase in future and regarding that based on systematic approach and limits to grow theory (Meadows, Randers, & Meadows, 2004), no growth in the world will continue forever. We must consider factors that limit the growth of Tehran, besides factors provoke development. One of the limiting factors is the natural and geographical potential of Tehran metropolis. For this research among qualitative methods in futures studies, we chose the scenario, because this method "make the future more real for decision makers to force new thinking and decisions". In the formulation of food consumption scenarios, due to the diversity of stakeholders, the challenges and the types of issues and ambiguities, the approach of the Global Business Network (GBN) was chosen. To analyze the key factors and identifying the key variables the structural analysis method and MickMac software was used. Based on two key variables, technology, and consumer responsibility, four scenarios were created, these are four scenarios: Smart eating scenario, McDonaldization of Society scenario, Food Geography scenario, and Community Eating scenario. In this study, four alternative food futures have been presented for Tehran. In these scenarios, both desirable and undesirable futures are clearly and accurately depicted. The geography of food scenario due to the neglect of the environmental capacities and natural and geographic potentials is the most unsustainable scenario for the future of Tehran. Without scenarios, thinking about the futures of food in Tehran is very difficult and even impossible. These scenarios can help us take into account possible futures in todaychr('39')s decisions. Although this article does not predict a specific future for food in Tehran, But, given the recognition and sensitivity of the events, it can be very useful for long-term decisions.#s3gt_translate_tooltip_mini { display: none !important; }</li

Urban landscape as one of the most important urban issues should always preserve its visual and aesthetic aspect. One of the most important issues that attracted the attention of urban designers is the objective of the city's objective aspect and visual disturbance. On the other hand, the geography of cities is full of high monuments and principles and criteria that have to be considered in urban planning. Therefore, the present study examines the aesthetics of aesthetics in terms of urban landscape and its impact on high - rise buildings. meanwhile, the call for highrise building measures from theorists, architecture experts and as well as residents and have been applied in order to analyze the data and data, qualitative and quantitative methods for analyzing data and data analysis, using spss statistical analysis to analyze qualitative data. The findings of this study show that in urban planning and urban planning in the geographical area of cities, it has to be applied to the design and construction of the high - rise buildings so as to help the media and the desired urban landscape. In this regard, it is recommended that the principles and rules of building a high - rise building are recommended by urban management and the ministry of planning and urbanization tailored to the features of each city. Finally, the priorities of aesthetics of urban landscape in urban geography have been mentioned.