جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « worn-out texture » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Shows that the inner parts of urban settlements are often worn out and inefficient. The aim of this research is to evaluate the worn-out texture of Chokhorlar neighborhood in the old and inner part of Tabriz city, which was completed by presenting a scenario. The research is of applied type and its method is descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional survey. Information was collected through field studies in the form of questioning, interviews, focused group discussions, and the questionnaires were processed in 11 types, and after coding in SPSS. ArcGIS was used in the physical, spatial and environmental part and preparation of thematic and analytical maps. The statistical population of the entire neighborhood was 148 households.according to Morgan's Table, N =162 residential plots with a sample size of S=115 were selected. Considering the many problems, a total of 65 households answered the questionnaires. Then evaluation was done using SWOT model. Based on this, the score of internal factors (strength and weakness) was 2.29 and the score of external factors (opportunity and threat) was 2.52 which indicates the dominance of weaknesses over strengths in internal factors and the dominance of opportunities over threats in external factors. The innovation of the research is in the design of neighborhood regeneration scenarios. Finally, the third scenario was approved for implementation in the form of a practical strategy with respect to design rules in a traditional context with a traditional and modern integrated desi

Lack of paying attention to environmental considerations and attitudes in urban planning and simplification of natural patterns in the urban context, including rivers, will cause changes in their development processes and serious damage to their natural systems. Some of the inter-city riverside spaces are spaces where the Worn-Out and old texture of cities is usually formed next to them. Such spaces have capacities that can become a beautiful urban landscape. Kermanshah city is one of the cities that have these natural elements, but have been neglected. One of these rivers is the Abshuran River, which has caused many problems due to lack of paying attention to it. The present study was an attempt to answer the question of what should be considered in regenerating worn-out urban structures alongside the urban rivers. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is field and documentary study (library) methods. Factor analysis method in Spss software was used to analyze the data. In the present study, main indicators for functional, identity-meaning, social-cultural, etc. dimensions were obtained, which were loaded in the form of 4 significant factors. The results showed that ranking of the study area neighborhoods based on the factor scores obtained for each of them is Baq Ney, Feyz Azabad, Toopkhaneh and Chal Darvish, respectively. The main results of the study suggest that none of the study areas is in a favorable status in terms of regeneration components and integrated and comprehensive planning is required in this regard.

Cities, as the most extensive man-made structures, have always been exposed to many natural and man-made disasters. Meanwhile, earthquakes have often inflicted irreparable losses on these settlements and their inhabitants and especially its worn-out textures, which is necessary to pay more attention to the concept of resilience to reduce the harmful effects of earthquakes.

In this regard, the present study was conducted to evaluate the physical resilience indicators of worn-out textures against possible earthquakes.

The method of this research is mixed and includes two phases, qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative phase has been performed using the methodology of grounded theory and in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 24 experts. In the quantitative phase, one-sample t-test and Friedman test were used. Finally, in order to better understand the status of physical resilience indices, through field harvesting using GIS, maps related to physical resilience indices were presented.

Studied Areas: 

The research area was Qaleh neighborhood in Dezful township, located in the north of Khuzestan province.

Data analysis was performed during three stages of open, axial and selective coding and led to the emergence of 97 open codes, 18 concepts in the form of 4 main categories. The results showed that physical resilience against earthquakes in Qaleh neighborhood includes four components of redundancy, diversity, connectivity and strength.

Evaluation of the components of physical resilience of Qaleh neighborhood against earthquake from the perspective of experts using one-sample t-test, indicated that the physical resilience of Qaleh neighborhood of Dezful and its components are at an inappropriate level. In terms of resilience level, the connection component is in the first rank, the diversity component is in the second rank, the redundancy component is in the third rank and the strength component is in the fourth rank.

Urban worn-out textures require preservation, respect, and revitalization due to their historical and cultural values. Nowadays, the restoration of these textures places a significant focus on meeting residents' needs in establishing a connection with the physical environment and concepts such as a sense of place belonging, which is of great interest to many designers. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between physical condition (access to urban services) and the sense of place belonging in the worn-out textures of six neighborhoods (Āmeri, Yousefi, Ākhar-e Āsfālt, Zargān, Hasirābād, and Lashkarābād). This applied study employed a descriptive-analytical research method. The Kruskal-Wallis test, simple t-test, Pearson correlation in SPSS software, and FAHP were employed to achieve the research objective. The results of the investigations indicated that the Ākhar-e Āsfālt, Yousefi, and Āmeri neighborhoods have a favorable status in terms of access to urban facilities and services, while Hasirābād neighborhood, is in a highly unfavorable condition. Furthermore, examining the relationship between urban services and the sense of place belonging to the worn-out texture with a coefficient of 0.371, signifying a direct correlation between the two mentioned variables. This implies that by enhancing urban facilities and services, as well as reinforcing public spaces and physical structures, the worn-out textures can foster an increased sense of place belonging in these areas.

Worn-out textures could not respond to the citizen’s needs due to such challenges in socio-cultural, physical-ecological and economical-managerial aspects. According to the development of the proven worn-out textures, the government are not able to take over and rehabilitate such structures separately. In case of following the past procedures, worn-out texture with massive destructive effects could impact on different aspects of cities immediately. As a remedy, effective tools like citizen participation should be taken into account for organizing these unplanned areas in cities. The study aim is to investigate the factors affecting the level of citizen participation and to provide remedies for increase of public participation in the process of urban worn-out textures rehabilitation consequently. The research objective is an applied study and it established mensuration method with focus on analytical-descriptive and co-relation analysis. Also, it carried out library study and field survey for data collection. Using Cochran's formula, 291 people were selected as the sample size. The outcomes from the Sign test were -10.95, which indicated the lack of effective participation of the residents. The results of T-test indicated physical, socio-cultural, economical and managerial dimensions with an average of 4.12, 4.60, 3.81 and 4.22, respectively, were effective factors on citizen participation. Furthermore, the results of Kendall's tau-b test showed that there were a positive and significant relationship between all four dimensions and the level of participations. Finally, the results of the Ordinal logistic regression test approved that all four dimensions of the independent variable were able to predict the level of citizen participation whereas the socio-cultural dimension had the greatest impact with 54.85%.

To evaluate and explain the role and place of urban governance in the process of intervention in the limits of worn out and inefficient tissues of Mashhad city. In this article, an attempt has been made to answer these questions, what are the features and dominant approaches in each period? Who are the main actors of each period and how do they play a role in this process?Research

This research is based on a qualitative approach and aims to determine the role and position of urban governance in this process. Observation, interview and questionnaire (targeted sampling) techniques have been used to collect the required information.Findings and

The results of this research show that two different and distinct approaches can be distinguished in the examination of a 30-year period (1370-1400). In the first period, the dominant approach of intervention in these contexts is renovation combined with an economic and project-oriented perspective, without taking into account the participation of residents and the local community in this process: In the second period, the approach of urban regeneration has been carried out with the view of attracting the participation of residents and the local community through facilitation and the creation of neighborhood development offices and changing the attitude of the government and the public sector from renovation and project-oriented to sustainable urban regeneration. According to the characteristics of activists of each period, different interests and interests as well as the power to influence other activists were investigated and analyzed.

The participation and involvement of people in urban plans and planning and the satisfaction of residents in any context is a guarantee of the success of urban plans. Citizens' satisfaction with the quality of the environment during the implementation of construction projects is considered the most important achievement of citizens' participation. This research aims to evaluate the level of satisfaction of the citizens of Esfraini with the implementation of the improvement and renovation plan for the worn-out tissues of this city. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and analytical in terms of research method. The statistical population is the residents of the worn-out fabric of Esfrain city, who were selected by the simple random method as a sample size of 384 people using Cochran's formula. The findings show that the economic quality index plays the least role with an average of 2.12 in the level of satisfaction. The social quality index has the highest average with an average of 3.32, and the average of the physical quality index and the environmental quality index are also lower than the average level with 2.85 and 2.78. In total, the average of all indicators with a value of 2.71 and an error of 0.001 indicates that to strengthen the satisfaction level of residents, all environmental quality indicators should be strengthened to reach a higher average. Also, in terms of residents' participation in improving environmental quality, the highest average is related to physical participation and the lowest average is related to financial participation. Also, the results showed that the correlation coefficient between the variable of satisfaction with implementation and the variables of financial participation (r = 0.407), mental participation (r = 0.318) and participation (r = 0.325) was positive and significant. The results have shown that by increasing the variables of financial participation, mental participation and participation, satisfaction with the simple

The worn-out urban texture and its internal elements arise due to the old age or the lack of a development program and technical supervision over the formation of that texture. Their urban regeneration in various social, economic, physical, environmental, etc. dimensions to improve the quality of life in this context with a future studies approach requires sustainable and desirable development in various existential dimensions. The purpose of this research is the impact of urban regeneration on worn-out textures with a future studies approach. The type of applied research and its investigation method is exploratory. Micmac and Scenario Wizard software programs were exerted to analyze the research results. In this research, key factors were determined by using Micmac software, and then several uncertainties were considered for each. Then, the essential scenarios of urban regeneration in worn-out textures were developed using Scenario Wizard software. The results show that the variables of preserving the physical identity and promoting and developing the productivity of urban lands have the most significant impact on worn-out textures. Examining the variables based on Micmac software's output indicates the instability of these areas. In addition, the filling degree is equal to 96%, showing the high impact of the variables on each other and their dispersion. The regeneration of worn-out textures is in a state of crisis, and the probability of organizing worn-out textures is low from the point of view of urban regeneration, and it requires the serious attention of urban planners and managers.

Today, worn-out urban structures form a large part of the country's cities. Living in these tissues with problems such as anxiety, abnormality, insecurity, depression, Lack of social participation, etc., is associated. Therefore, the issue of organizing these contexts has been on the agenda of managers and planners in recent years. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to Investigation and analysis of factors affecting the Organizing worn-out urban tissues (Case study: Saravan). The present study is a descriptive-survey research in terms of purpose in the field of applied research and based on its nature and method. The statistical population of the study includes professors, experts and specialists in the field under study. Using Delphi technique, 20 people were selected as the sample population. In this research, SWOT model have been used to measure and analyze. The results showed that among the internal factors among the strengths (having the spirit of participation and cooperation in improving and renovating the neighborhood) with a weight score of 0.35 the highest and the history of urbanization of the neighborhood for a long time with a weight score of 0.08, has the lowest value. Also (increase in urban crime and the existence of social harms and abnormal behaviors associated with unemployment and addiction, etc.) with a weight score of 0.40 is the most important cause of weakness. Among the external factors (high economic efficiency with the reconstruction of this sector and the settlement of the population in it compared to the development of the external sectors (theory of authenticity and the model of revitalization of the city) with a weight score of 0.35 is the most important factor of opportunity. And (occurrence of human catastrophe in case of earthquake and continuation of the main residents fleeing the neighborhood) with a weight score of 0.35 are the most important threat.

The purpose is to measure and evaluate the effects of good governance on the sustainable regeneration of worn-out urban structures in Khorramabad. In recent decades, with the intensification of the problems of regeneration of worn-out tissues, the approach of good urban governance has been introduced as the most effective and sustainable method in regeneration. Because Khorramabad city has 28% with texture and covers about 7 valleys of the city area was selected as the research area. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and the required information has been collected from both library and field methods. The validity of the questionnaire was also confirmed by professors specializing in the field of worn-out urban tissues. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaires, which is equal to 0.886. The data obtained from the field survey were analyzed using SPSS software. The statistical population of the study is the citizens of worn-out tissue. The sample size was calculated using the Cochran's formula, 384 people. The findings showed that the status of indicators of good urban governance in the area of dysfunctional structures of Khorramabad is not in a favorable condition. Among the indicators of good urban governance, the rule of law index with an impact factor of 2.98 has more predictive power than other indicators. Accountability, participation and accountability indices with beta coefficients of 0.643, 0.610 / 0.610 are in the next ranks, respectively, and transparency index with beta coefficients of 0.421 is in the last rank of influence. Therefore, in the policies of sustainable regeneration in the dysfunctional urban contexts of Khorramabad, the need to pay attention to strengthening the performance of good urban governance has a definite effect on the indicators of sustainable regeneration.

Population increase, human presence, expansion of urbanization and irregular spatial have caused profound disturbances in the functional system of cities. Therefore, planning and management of natural events should be considered as a main purpose at all stages of planning and city development designs. The present study in term of purpose is considered as an applied research and using descriptive-analytical method. The worn-out textures of central district of the Urmia city with an area of 277/7 hectares as a case study is investigated. In this study, through the study of library sources and former studies, and as well as using experts opinions and specialists in the field of urban worn-out textures, effective indicators in the vulnerability of the study area in dimensions of physical, access, functional, environmental, economic, social, and managerial identification and the definition was. Then, using the Analytical Network Process (ANP) and Vikors Multi-Criteria Decision Making Method (VIKOR) to weighting each of the mentioned indicators and using Geographic Information System (GIS), the vulnerability maps of the area in different dimensions are provided. The results of the research show that from the study area of 36/11% has low vulnerability, 27/95% has moderate vulnerability and 35/22% has high vulnerability, which has the necessity of planning and taking measures to improve the environmental condition of urban worn-out textures in different dimensions.

So far, theories on the renovation of the worn-out urban tissue have been presented in various thematic areas. In the organized comprehensiveness of this chaos, burnout is often one of the most important issues that urban tissues suffer from and causes disorder, imbalance, disproportion and asymmetry of urban tissues and the main problem is the lack of a scientific approach to achieve a healthy city. The aim of this study was to identify the indicators of renovation of worn-out tissue with emphasis on the healthy city approach, using the research method of specialized urban planning texts, and field studies to explain the concept and formulate the model of renovation of worn-out tissue based on comparative descriptive analysis of healthy city indicators. The study area of ​​the worn-out structures of Ghaemshahr, based on the three indicators of physical worn-out approved by the Supreme Council of Architecture and Urban Planning, with an area of ​​347 hectares, was approved by the Supreme Council of Architecture and Urban Planning in 1386 and had a population of 33,000 in 1395. The statistical population of this study, 385 people, was calculated through Cochran's formula. The necessary data were collected through a questionnaire and the normality of the data was assessed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and finally was analyzed using SPSS software and Linear Regression test. The results show a correlation in the short trip sub-index and the appropriate physical quality of the network and service area (functional radius) of service uses, which indicates a very low quality of the communication network resulting in impermeability and instability of especial access to services in these areas.

The disrupted textures of the central district of the major cities have been considered one of the main urban issues and have led to the loss of their middle and high-income population. Over the past 50 years, more than 100,000 people in 370 cities have reported a demographic decline of at least 10 percent. The purpose of this paper is to understand the decline as a phenomenon affecting the dynamics of the city of Mashhad, and to identify the declined areas of the city, to obscure the concept of worn-out textures. In other words, this paper seeks to explain the decline phenomenon as a substitute for the concept of worn-out texture, the process that influences the dynamics of Mashhad city, and the factors that affect the decline of the city. Sub article targets include: A. Specify the boundary and extent of declined areas of the city, B. Explain and obscure the use of the concept of worn-out texture. So far, the reasons for the formation of worn-out texture have been attributed to the aging and obsolete urban texture. Today, however, it is believed that the worn-out texture is a diminutive conception of the complex difficulty of problematic zones in the space of production, circulation and consumption, which only deals with the phenomenon and appearance of the problem. In this article, urban decline is described as a phenomenon and process that influences the dynamics of the city of Mashhad and the effective factors on it are stated. Also, the extent of declined areas of the city were identified and the concept of worn-out texture was disambiguation.  The questions we are looking for in this research are:What is a decline? What are the variables for recognizing this phenomenon? Which areas of the city have these characteristics?What are the reasons for the formation of this phenomenon?Is the decay process dominant in the central and historical part of the city of Mashhad?

The variables of this study are determined based on the theory of "the role of non-investment in urban decline". However, due to lack of information on direct indicators of deterioration measurement (number of people and jobs out of property), these variables were selected from the official census data of the National Statistical Center of Iran. Also, in the absence of long data, spatial differences and cumulative effect of investment layers were exerted to show the trend of prosperity and stagnation of deterioration variables: the ratio of wifeless women, population growth rate between 1986 to 2011, population ratio born in Mashhad, proportion of tenant households, ratio of population over 65 years of age, ratio of literate population, ratio of labor population (simple and industrial), ratio of newly constructed buildings (2006-2011), ratio of poor housing households, proportion of non-student population with higher education, population density (persons per hectare), ratio of unemployed population to active population.The hypothesis test was conducted by examining the statistical population from 2006 to 2011 in the form of census blocks conducted by the Statistical Center in 2011. Also, data analysis was performed by standardizing the changers based on Z score and dispersion and accumulation of deterioration phenomenon by G index (Moran Spatial Autocorrelation). Then, the deteriorated neighborhoods were determined based on the total score of each neighborhood in the map. In this regard, statistical processing and cartography of maps have been done by using of Excel and Arc GIS software programs.

Ranking of variables indicates that: The ratio of the population with a literacy to a population over 6 years old, the proportion of educated people with a higher education to a literacy population, ratio of poor housing households (two households and more in residential units to whole residential units), the ratio of the labor population (simple and industrial) to the employed population and population growth rate between 1986 and 2011, are the most important factors in the declining of inner city of Mashhad. The difference between declining spaces and spaces without signs of decline reveals new aspects of urban decline. For example, the high population density along with the lower population growth rate of areas compared to the rest of the city indicate emigration, population aging, fragmentation and concentration of deprived groups in these spaces. A smaller proportion of the population with a high level of literacy also reflects a shortage of specialized labor and richer groups in these neighborhoods. And, finally, the existence of newly constructed buildings represents less attractive neighborhoods for investment. The survey of the data of the declining zones shows that 56.2% of the area of Mashhad is in an appropriate condition (no decline), and 17% of the city's area is classified in low decline. Meanwhile, medium and large declined neighborhoods have occupied a total of 26% of the city's total area. This categorization is based on the method of the natural break points of the data and with little correction. The assessment of the obtained areas based on this classification method with field surveys indicates that classification accuracy in different areas of the city is appropriate.

The G test showed that the demographic characteristics of the city of Mashhad were highly concentrated and cluster distributed, and there is a clear difference between East and West of this city. The obtained clustering from the sum of Z standard, indicates a completely clustered and concentrated phenomenon of decline in Mashhad. In general, the rates of variables indicate that the characteristics of the decline are more concentrated in the central and eastern parts of the city of Mashhad. The opposite is western neighborhoods that are far from the effects of decline. Meanwhile, there are neighborhoods that are geographically interspersed between these two parts and, according to the G statistical test, are not significant in either of these two categories. This means that the attribute of decline in them is not significantly positive or negative clustering. In general, this map shows the separation and clear differentiation of deprived and declining areas from the developed areas of Mashhad.

Following the change in lifestyle, the need for various services also increased, and to comply with the new requirements and to achieve sustainable development, organizing the worn-out textures has becomes more important. The purpose of this study was organizing the physical, social, and cultural development worn-out texture using sustainable urban development approach in Amol. Considering the time of conducting this study the research was fulfilled during the years 1393 and 1394. In this applied research descriptive and documentation methods as well as correlation analysis were used. The sample size of this study consisted of 304 heads of households living in worn-out textures and 30 relevant experts. To collect the data, questionnaires, the neighborhood map, library resources as well as field visits were used. The obtained results were analyzed using SPSS software and statistical tests and the results of the questionnaire, were used in the SWOT. Thus, according to the results of research it was concluded that the proposed intervention model has been presented based on sustainable urban development.

Extended Abstract Introduction With the increasing growth of urbanization and population growth in recent years, the city and urban planning has faced many problems. One of these problems is the deterioration of the old neighbourhoods and textures of the city. Given that the majority of the world's growing population lives in urban areas, the city cannot be simply abandoned. Extensive efforts have been made in the city, large sums of money have been invested, which cannot be simply ignored. In this regard, sustainable urban development was considered as a solution to the dilemma of urban development in the changing conditions of the last years of the twentieth century. In a sustainable city, the goal is to use the land within the city before consuming or destroying important natural or barren lands around the city. More effective use of land covered by urban development and the establishment of much of the future population growth by filling the existing fabric of the city, balanced increase in density, renovation and reconstruction of dilapidated areas and rehabilitation and change of use of old buildings in the inner development of the city is strongly emphasized. Districts 4 and 14 of Tehran, located in the east and northeast of the city, in recent decades has had rapid growth in terms of population and size. Due to its natural and climatic advantages (for District 4) and economic, cultural and appropriate urban services (for District 14), these areas have been considered by different groups such as the rich classes. Also, during the period, there have been various migratory groups in terms of investment, which in aspects of physical and land use, in addition to erosion, have many worn-out textures and abandoned lands. Existence of military centers with a large area of abandoned lands on the outskirts of the Islamic Azad University, Firoozeh Palace lands in the 14th district of Tehran, Lavizan marginal lands in the 4th district of Tehran, active or abandoned textures and real estates that have commercial, Industrial, military land uses etc. are very common in these areas. According to the concepts of moderate development, districts 4 and 14 of Tehran have a lot of unused spaces that can be used as potential for infill development of the area and in order to provide local services, create physical capacity for housing and so on.   Methodology The present research is a descriptive-analytical one in terms of method and also, survey method has been used to implement it. First, the data related to each index is entered into the GIS system and the initial processing (editing of descriptive layers and tables, changing the image system and geographical coordinates, etc.) is performed on them. Then, the layers have been turned to fuzzy in the GIS. Finally, for the final calculation of the priority ranges, three fuzzy operators are used: 1- Fuzzy OR; 2- Fuzzy AND; 3- Fuzzy Gamma. After determining the final weight of the criteria for identifying internal development capacities in the area of worn-out textures in the 14th and 4th districts of Tehran, an information layer was prepared for each of them in the GIS Arc software environment.   Results and discussion The results of the 14th district of Tehran show that there is a significant level of worn-out texture in this area, due to the limitations of the horizontal expansion of the city, the destruction of high quality agricultural lands as well as the existence of social, economic and environmental-physical threats in these areas, in the future by adopting and implementing appropriate strategies in the field of rehabilitation and Renovation as well as meeting the physical, functional and recreational needs of the city can be effective. So that from the 1456-hectare area of the 14th district of Tehran, the area of 192.76 hectares is composed of worn-out, inefficient and densely abandoned lands, and the rest is allocated to passages, open spaces and barren lands. Based on the prioritization of inefficient areas (abandoned and brown lands) of worn texture using the combined model GIS Fuzzy in the 14th district of Tehran, about 60.6% of the worn-out texture area (equivalent to 116.82 hectares) has high priority and very high for infill development. Calculations related to the prioritization map of inefficient and dilapidated lands in District 4 of Tehran show that the area of high and very high priority area with 92.7% of the total worn-out texture and landless lands has the highest level.   Conclusion The study and interpretation of the results of the present study shows that the worn-out textures of Districts 4 and 14 of Tehran have high physical capacities for internal development, which can provide the basis for sustainable development of these areas. According to the studies and calculations made based on the construction criteria in the special design zones of worn-out texture of Districts 4 and 14 (including abandoned and worn lands), it can be said that if properly managed and the use of public participation in the revitalization of the neighbourhood, they have a high potential for the infill development of the city. Infill development of Districts 4 and 14 of Tehran is achievable in all dimensions.

Nowadays, paying attention to the worn-out urban textures and applying improvement and renovation plans in these textures are of particular importance in promoting the quality of life; Such a way that in recent years, many plans Have been prepared for this purpose. One of these projects is the Land readjustment scheme; This plan is an important tools for land planning that seeks to renovation the worn-out textures by utilizing the social aspects and participation of the residents. The purpose of this study was feasibility of implementing Land readjustment scheme in the worn-out textures of Urmia City. The research method according to the research subject is descriptive-analytical and its purpose is of applied type. Field and library studies were used to collect data and in this regard, 27 indicators were extracted in four physical, economic, legal-managerial and social components. Analytical hierarchy process model (AHP) and Expert Choice, GIS and Spss softwares were used for data analysis. The results showed that in the physical component according to the feasibility map prepared, 41% of the components have a relatively high potential for readjustment. In the economic component, according to the average obtained (2.82), the implementation of the Land readjustment scheme is evaluated medium to the low. The legal-managerial component with a mean of 3.03 is in a good condition to implement the scheme and Finally, in the social component the average obtained (2.45) is lower than the mean which indicates an undesirable condition of this component to use of Land readjustment scheme.

In this study, the risk map as an index to define the said complexity was prepared in 5 categories of risk by combination of Tehran metropolis flood hazard and vulnerability maps. To analyze the risk varieties, the hydrological catchments of Tehran were extracted by Arc Hydro model and 12 catchments were selected. Using land use, roads network, and the percentage of residential floor area, bridges, altitude, slope and drainage density variables, the flood hazard map was calculated. Dilapidated urban blocks, population density, land use, bridges, slope and drainage density layers were used as variables which affecting the flood vulnerability. Covariance index was applied for matched variables and considering the locational coherence between the values of them. Based on the new raster layers, flood risk variability in Tehran metropolis as well as in each of the catchments were analyzed using stepwise regression model. Explanation of locational changes of risk between the catchments needs to calculate the weighted average risk and the independent variables in 12 catchments that obtained by zonal statistics. Based on these average values the factor analysis used to determine the varifactors or main components of the variability in flood risk between the catchments. Finally, fractal geometry models (perimeter-area and cumulative number-area) were used to demonstrate the chaos of the flood risk value in 5 categories of risk. According to the flood hazard zoning map of Tehran metropolitan area, the extent of high hazard zone is 129.6 square kilometers. High risk zone covers 28.6% of Tehranchr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s area, indicating that most of the citychr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s extents (174.4 square kilometers) are located in the high flood risk zone. After that, the moderate hazard zone is 28.5% of the city area. Very low zones with 3.53% of the total area are the smallest zones in the city, which are only 21.5 square kilometers. Overall, 78.3 percent of the total area of the city is located in the moderate to very high zones of flood hazard, reflecting Tehranchr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s challenge to flooding. The vulnerability map defines that 138 km2 of the Tehran city area is located in high and very high zones of the flood vulnerability. According to Tehran metropolitan flood risk zoning map, 163.1 km2 of Tehran city area is located in high risk zone which has the highest rate among flood risk categories in Tehran metropolis (26.9%).

Urban poverty is one of the main problems in dilapidated areas, and today these two issues are intertwined and have created an inappropriate urban structure. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of urban poverty on the spatial-physical structure of worn-out tissues in the city of Izeh.

The method of conducting the present study is descriptive-analytical, the information of which has been collected through library studies and by completing a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study is households living in dilapidated neighborhoods of Izeh with sample size. And for data analysis, the statistical approach of structural equation modeling (SEM) and the first two-factor confirmatory factor analysis test were used.

Analysis of the findings of structural equation modeling indicates that among the measured indicators, among the components of urban poverty, economic index which has played a very important role in the physical-spatial structure of the worn-out tissue of Izeh city with Decreasing this index, physical-spatial structure has increased inadequacy. Also, by examining the migration patterns and choosing the area for living by residents and neighbors, the satisfaction of non-native neighbors in the area, non-native immigrants and improving the spatial and physical condition shows that the main reason for residents and immigrants to choose neighborhood for living is equality. Neighbors are economically and income-generating.

The results of the structural equations equation show that there is a significant relationship between the components of urban poverty and the components of the physical-spatial structure of the worn-out urban fabric. Therefore, in order to take the necessary measures, it needs the serious attention of city and regional managers and planners.

The phenomenon of worn out in urban textures affects its structure and the social and economic activities. Therefore, the present study seeks to investigate the effect of urban texture inefficiency on the incidence of social harms in Maragheh. The present research is descriptive-analytical and the information has been collected in the form of documents and field study. The research sample is 400 citizens of Maragheh who have been selected in a non-probability sampling approach. In this study, entropy, Vickor, T-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression tests were used to analyze the data. The results of the Vikor index showed that areas number 5 and 6 were designated as fully efficient; areas number 7 and 4 as relatively efficient areas, whereas areas number 3 and 2 as completely inefficient areas. Also, the assessment of the situation of social harms in the city of Maragheh showed that District 1 has the highest rate of social harms in this city. After that, areas 3, 2, 4, 7, 6 and 5, respectively, have witnessed the highest incidence of social harms. Finally, the results of Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression tests showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the inefficiency of urban texture and the occurrence of social harms in cities.

One of the most important issues is the theory of sustainable development and its recent approach (livable) which, like other modern approaches to the theory of sustainable development, while posing a problem in the city, leads us to have a more favorable city for sustainable urban life and development. The origins of the worn-out texture of the central part of Zanjan, which is the core of the city, exhibits a different face than the city, from various aspects of environmental sustainability including environmental, economic and social health. Therefore, the present study focuses on the worn-out texture of the central part of Zanjan by analyzing the livelihood approach to analyze the status of its social viability. Understanding this process will undoubtedly be an important tool in achieving the long-term aspiration of aging tissue planning.

The present study seeks to explain the present situation and to write a scenario for the future situation. Therefore, the future research approach is dominant in this research. In this respect, the research method is based on heuristic analysis. Field studies (observation, interviews and questionnaires) and library studies (study of documents, statistics and research backgrounds and theories) were used for data collection. The statistical population of the study consisted of worn-out texture of Zanjan. According to population of 75057, wear-resistant texture of Zanjan city, using Cochran sampling method with 0.05 error, the total sample population was 384 persons. Factor analysis, goodness-of-fit analysis and interaction / structural effects analysis were used for data analysis.

Investigation of the relationship between independent variables (education, social capital, security, health and leisure) and dependent (factor bias) based on factor loadings (γ) shows that among the five dimensions relationship with biodiversity of Zanjan, social capital component with Standard coefficient 1.09 has the highest and security component with standard coefficient 0.08 has the least relationship with Zanjan city's viability. Therefore, in order to achieve the social indicators of a sustainable city, the social security component in Zanjan needs to be further strengthened. On the other hand, examining the relationship between latent variables (education, social capital, security, health and leisure) and explicit (components shown in a rectangular form) based on factor loadings (λ) shows that among the components of education Per capita index of educational spaces with standard coefficient of 0.34 in social capital component of neighborhood trust index with standard coefficient of 0.34, in health component of public health care quality index with standard coefficient of 0.24, in security component of voluntary security patrols index with standard coefficient of 0.98, in Leisure component of the quality index of access to leisure and sports facilities with the coefficient of standard 0.34 has the most to do with the social viability of Zanjan.

In this regard, the results of the research approach with MICMIC showed that indicators of "satisfaction with space for the elderly", "level of social corruption", and "informal night-time surveillance through diversity of uses", and "membership in public institutions" It has the most instability. The result is that in the future, the sustainability of Zanjan city in terms of socio-cultural structures is an improvement of these indicators. On the other hand, considering the socio-cultural structure of the worn-out texture of Zanjan with high levels of social capital, explaining the relationships between the components showed that the indicators of "educational spaces per capita", "drug use", "quality of access to Libraries "," pedestrian and nocturnal security, "" access to private health care, "and" membership of public institutions "have very strong relationships. And these are bilateral relations with the "per capita educational spaces" component. This practice also shows that the issue of education and reaching its standards is one of the most important social priorities for making Zanjan city viable for future generations.