جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "تغییرات اقلیمی" در نشریات گروه "اقتصاد"

Climate change has emerged as a significant global challenge, with its impact increasing rapidly in recent decades. The consumption of fossil fuels, which leads to the emission of greenhouse gases like CO2, is a major contributor to climate change. Iran, ranked as the sixth most polluted country in the world, emitted a staggering 745 million tons of CO2 in 2020. Notably, the power plants sector in Iran accounts for roughly 30% of its total carbon emissions. As a result, the main objective of this paper is to engage in long-term planning for electricity supply and demand in Iran, aiming to reduce carbon emissions in line with the country's obligations under the Paris Agreement. To achieve this goal, we utilized the MESSAGE model to design an electricity generation system that takes into account the potential of renewable sources from 2021 to 2050. Additionally, the ARDL model was employed to estimate electricity demand under various scenarios, including subsidy reforms. These predictions were then incorporated into the long-term planning process for Iran's electricity supply system. The findings of the ARDL model highlight that the subsidy reform strategy leads to a 10% decrease in electricity demand throughout the planning period, indicating effective control over the demand side. On the other hand, the MESSAGE model's findings reveal that Iran's ability to fulfill its responsibilities under the Paris Agreement heavily relies on the utilization of renewable potentials across different regions in power supply planning. While carbon dioxide emissions in Iran's electrical sector are not expected to be reduced in the near future (2020 to 2030). However, in the long term (2040 to 2050), significant reductions in CO2 emissions can be achieved. According to the findings, if the electricity system in Iran is designed in accordance with a chosen scenario that incorporates green technologies and subsidy reforms, the share of renewable technologies can increase from 6% in 2020 to 15%, 50%, and 78% in 2030, 2040, and 2050, respectively. Consequently, carbon emissions in the power generation sector can be reduced by 20% and 54% in 2040 and 2050, respectively, compared to 2020 levels.

In recent years, policy makers have increasingly recognized the significance of vulnerability to climate change. This urgent situation necessitates the implementation of immediate, extensive, and comprehensive measures. Extensive scientific consensus has demonstrated that human activities have contributed to significant climate warming trends. However, despite this evidence, there are individuals who remain skeptical and deny the existence of climate change. Consequently, addressing this skepticism and effectively tackling the climate crisis require fundamental changes in behavior and attitudes across various levels and domains of human life. Therefore, the primary objective of this article is to examine the behavioral factors involved in climate policy making, with a particular emphasis on the role of cognitive biases.

This research employed a semi-experimental method, drawing on the principles of behavioral economics. The study utilized a design that included both an experimental group and a control group, with pre-test and post-test assessments. The experimental group was exposed to different information frames, which were developed based on the principles of behavioral economics, while the control group did not receive any framing intervention.
Data for this study was collected through fieldwork and a questionnaire. The statistical population consisted of individuals who had access to WhatsApp, Telegram, and Instagram platforms during the experiment, which took place in the spring of 2023. The target sample size for this research was determined to be 600 participants, divided into six groups of 100 individuals each. The sample size was determined using Cochran's formula for limited populations. Additionally, a random sampling method was employed in this research.

This article aims to establish a connection between climate policy and behavioral sciences by introducing the practical and cost-effective approach of nudge theory. Drawing on insights from behavioral economics, specifically through behavioral interventions that leverage biases such as loss aversion, hyperbolic discounting, and the framing effect, this study investigates how these interventions can encourage individuals to make choices that align with addressing climate change and environmental concerns. Moreover, existing research has demonstrated that integrating the framing effect with other cognitive biases can be an effective and low-cost policy tool for studying environmental behavior.Using a semi-experimental methodology, this article examines the impact of information formatting, including profit and loss framing, hyperbolic discounting bias, as well as extensive and continuous information presentation, on individuals' general attitudes and understanding of climate change. The hypotheses of this research were derived from the literature of behavioral economics, cognitive science, and previous studies in the field of environmental issues. The findings of this research indicate that individuals exhibit a greater sensitivity to loss framing, supporting hypothesis H1. In other words, people are more responsive to potential losses than gains when making decisions. Additionally, the results demonstrate that individuals display a significantly higher willingness to participate when presented with present-loss and present-profit framing compared to future-loss and future-profit framing, aligning with hypothesis H2. This preference for the present over the future, known as present bias and hyperbolic discounting bias, has been extensively examined and validated in behavioral economics literature. Furthermore, the findings show that framing losses and emphasizing the present context contribute to a heightened perception of risk, consequently increasing individuals' willingness to take preventive measures under a loss framework.Additionally, the provision of information in a broad and continuous manner also yielded a significant effect in influencing individuals' behavior, corroborating hypothesis H3.

This study offers novel insights for policymaking and governance regarding public participation in mitigating the impacts of climate change. The findings indicate that the utilization of loss-present framing and continuous framing proves more effective in increasing the willingness of the general public to engage in climate change reduction efforts. Based on the research conducted in this article, climate change mitigation policies can be effectively promoted in public settings through the implementation of nudges that employ loss-present framing when delivering information.Furthermore, the current reliance on economic incentives in most policies to encourage public participation is a noteworthy issue. However, this study proposes the use of non-economic incentives and demonstrates the positive impact of nudges on individuals' willingness to engage in projects aimed at reducing the effects of climate change

Trade and climate change are some of the important factors affecting income inequality. With the globalization and trade interrelationships between countries, income inequality has been reduced to some extent. On the other hand, climate change as an important and current issue in the world has had great effects on economic growth and income inequality of countries. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between trade and climate change and income inequality. To examine the asymmetric effects of trade and climate change on income inequality in 60 countries, the quantile panel regression model is used by 2010 to 2020 data. In addition, the Climate Change Performance Index for climate change and the Trade Openness Index for trade has been used. The results show that climate change over the years has increased income inequality in selected countries. Also, the results show that the third to seventh quantiles of income have been most affected by climate change. On the other hand, trade between countries has reduced the inequality of selected countries in different income quantiles.

From any amount of energy input to each system is returned to the environment as waste. For this reason, for processes to be sustainable, it is important to focus on the mechanism that assigns the system input (s) to the output (s). This mechanism is economics, in the definition of sustainable development. What is the trend of changes in energy and environment efficiencies in Iran's economy industries? The answer to this question, as a question of present paper, is Necessary to conclusions that can guide policy recommendations. For this purpose, the energy consumption data from different types of carriers and pollutions (by types of pollution) along with the output value, will be used for 23 industries (two-digit ISIC codes) during the period 2009 to 2016 This information was used to calculate the Malmquist Productivity Index (MI).The results of the MI index show that the overall performance improvement has slowed down in recent years. Although there has been little improvement, it has been due to structural changes in the industry, not to an increase in their technical efficiency. However, the textile industry is a good example where overall performance improvements have occurred due to advances in technical efficiency. Also, from the six major industries, two major industries ("food" and "base metals") have seen almost no overall improvement of any kind. Therefore, it is recommended that policymakers focus on improving the efficiency of two mentioned industries. It is also suggested that policymakers focus from technical improvements to structural changes.

The climate change is regarded as one of the key factors affecting tourism industry. The aim of this study is to assess the current state of ecotourism in Iran and to provide solutions for its sustainable development with an emphasis on climate change variables. For this purpose, the SWOT approach and the information extracted from the questionnaires designed for 60 experts and professional in this field at the Tourism and Environmental Protection Organization have been used for the year 2018. The results of the SWOT matrix demonstrates that the final score of the internal and external factors evaluation matrix was 2/203 and 2/756, respectively. This would indicate that the status of Iranian tourism is at Home of Conservative Strategies (WO). The results also imply that the different ecosystem and spectacular and pristine landscapes weighing 0/256 are allocated the highest strengths. Likewise, reducing rainfall, increasing temperature and lack of strategic planning in the tourism sector with the participation of the Environmental Organization with a score of 0.086 are among the most important weaknesses. According to our findings, increasing the environmental quality with a score of 0.188 is the best opportunity while increasing the temperature, reducing annual rainfall and increasing the degradation and environmental pollution is one of the most important threats to the development of Iranian tourism with a score of 0.068. It follows,therefore, that with effective management of institutions and the implementation of supportive laws and regulations together with monitoring their implementation and raising public awareness in the field of tourism and conservation of the environment, to enhance further development of tourism industry in Iran.

After the Second World War, different countries started to restore their economy and thus economic growth has turned to the most important preoccupation. It appeared, however, after several decades, that economic growth per se can not make economic conditions improve in the vast area of the country and among various social strata and thus economic growth paradigm came into appearance.Along with the growing procedure of global economy, international communications have also increased and the phenomenon of economic globalization was taken into consideration. But "Metropolitan Area" was something which paved the way for this process to occur. Globalization of economy irrespective of competition between metropolitan areas is meaningless.As a result, metropolitan areas have so far played more fundamental roles in the national economic development of countries and will do even more in the future. Yet, national economic development of countries and the over emphasis on the urban life as well as making a large human being's gatherings called Metropolis has led into plenty of negative consequences, too.It is clear, through the passage of time, that these metropolitan areas have caused both the severe damage to the environment and the earth ecologically and the suppression of future generation rights in exactly the same manner of their usefulness in producing wealth and welfare for people. In other words, people made metropolitan areas to lead a better life; however, these areas themselves incur the most dangerous harms in the existence of the earth and human being's life. This article is aimed at critical consideration of the effects of globalized economy on metropolitan areas. It tries to clarify the impact of metropolises on the growth and development of countries and cities while demonstrating some dimensions of the phenomenon which developed countries attempt to hide.